Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-328
AllowedUse of Weak Hash
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses an algorithm that produces a digest (output value) that does not meet security expectations for a hash function that allows an adversary to reasonably determine the original input (preimage attack), find another input that can produce the same hash (2nd preimage attack), or find multiple inputs that evaluate to the same hash (birthday attack).
149 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2023-44319 (GCVE-0-2023-44319)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-11-14 11:03 – Updated: 2025-01-14 10:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM RM1224 LTE(4G) EU (6GK6108-4AM00-2BA2) (All versions < V8.0), RUGGEDCOM RM1224 LTE(4G) NAM (6GK6108-4AM00-2DA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M804PB (6GK5804-0AP00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M812-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5812-1AA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M812-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5812-1BA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M816-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5816-1AA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M816-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5816-1BA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M826-2 SHDSL-Router (6GK5826-2AB00-2AB2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M874-2 (6GK5874-2AA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M874-3 (6GK5874-3AA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M876-3 (6GK5876-3AA02-2BA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M876-3 (ROK) (6GK5876-3AA02-2EA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M876-4 (6GK5876-4AA10-2BA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M876-4 (EU) (6GK5876-4AA00-2BA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE M876-4 (NAM) (6GK5876-4AA00-2DA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE MUM853-1 (EU) (6GK5853-2EA00-2DA1) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE MUM856-1 (EU) (6GK5856-2EA00-3DA1) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE MUM856-1 (RoW) (6GK5856-2EA00-3AA1) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE S615 EEC LAN-Router (6GK5615-0AA01-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE S615 LAN-Router (6GK5615-0AA00-2AA2) (All versions < V8.0), SCALANCE WAB762-1 (6GK5762-1AJ00-6AA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM763-1 (6GK5763-1AL00-7DA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM763-1 (ME) (6GK5763-1AL00-7DC0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM763-1 (US) (6GK5763-1AL00-7DB0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 (6GK5766-1GE00-7DA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 (ME) (6GK5766-1GE00-7DC0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 (US) (6GK5766-1GE00-7DB0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (6GK5766-1GE00-7TA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (ME) (6GK5766-1GE00-7TC0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (US) (6GK5766-1GE00-7TB0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUB762-1 (6GK5762-1AJ00-1AA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUB762-1 iFeatures (6GK5762-1AJ00-2AA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (6GK5763-1AL00-3AA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (6GK5763-1AL00-3DA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (US) (6GK5763-1AL00-3AB0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (US) (6GK5763-1AL00-3DB0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM766-1 (6GK5766-1GE00-3DA0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM766-1 (ME) (6GK5766-1GE00-3DC0) (All versions < V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM766-1 (USA) (6GK5766-1GE00-3DB0) (All versions < V3.0.0). Affected devices use a weak checksum algorithm to protect the configuration backup that an administrator can export from the device. This could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative privileges or an attacker that tricks a legitimate administrator to upload a modified configuration file to change the configuration of an affected device.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
35 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RM1224 LTE(4G) EU |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM RM1224 LTE(4G) NAM |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M804PB |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M812-1 ADSL-Router |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M816-1 ADSL-Router |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M826-2 SHDSL-Router |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M874-2 |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M874-3 |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M876-3 |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M876-3 (ROK) |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M876-4 |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M876-4 (EU) |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE M876-4 (NAM) |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE MUM853-1 (EU) |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE MUM856-1 (EU) |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE MUM856-1 (RoW) |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE S615 EEC LAN-Router |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE S615 LAN-Router |
Affected:
0 , < V8.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAB762-1 |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM763-1 |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM763-1 (ME) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM763-1 (US) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM766-1 |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM766-1 (ME) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM766-1 (US) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (ME) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (US) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUB762-1 |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUB762-1 iFeatures |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUM763-1 |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUM763-1 (US) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUM766-1 |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUM766-1 (ME) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
|
| Siemens | SCALANCE WUM766-1 (USA) |
Affected:
0 , < V3.0.0
(custom)
|
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{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
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"value": "A vulnerability has been identified in RUGGEDCOM RM1224 LTE(4G) EU (6GK6108-4AM00-2BA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), RUGGEDCOM RM1224 LTE(4G) NAM (6GK6108-4AM00-2DA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M804PB (6GK5804-0AP00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M812-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5812-1AA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M812-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5812-1BA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M816-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5816-1AA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M816-1 ADSL-Router (6GK5816-1BA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M826-2 SHDSL-Router (6GK5826-2AB00-2AB2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M874-2 (6GK5874-2AA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M874-3 (6GK5874-3AA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M876-3 (6GK5876-3AA02-2BA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M876-3 (ROK) (6GK5876-3AA02-2EA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M876-4 (6GK5876-4AA10-2BA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M876-4 (EU) (6GK5876-4AA00-2BA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE M876-4 (NAM) (6GK5876-4AA00-2DA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE MUM853-1 (EU) (6GK5853-2EA00-2DA1) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE MUM856-1 (EU) (6GK5856-2EA00-3DA1) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE MUM856-1 (RoW) (6GK5856-2EA00-3AA1) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE S615 EEC LAN-Router (6GK5615-0AA01-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE S615 LAN-Router (6GK5615-0AA00-2AA2) (All versions \u003c V8.0), SCALANCE WAB762-1 (6GK5762-1AJ00-6AA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM763-1 (6GK5763-1AL00-7DA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM763-1 (ME) (6GK5763-1AL00-7DC0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM763-1 (US) (6GK5763-1AL00-7DB0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 (6GK5766-1GE00-7DA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 (ME) (6GK5766-1GE00-7DC0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 (US) (6GK5766-1GE00-7DB0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (6GK5766-1GE00-7TA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (ME) (6GK5766-1GE00-7TC0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WAM766-1 EEC (US) (6GK5766-1GE00-7TB0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUB762-1 (6GK5762-1AJ00-1AA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUB762-1 iFeatures (6GK5762-1AJ00-2AA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (6GK5763-1AL00-3AA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (6GK5763-1AL00-3DA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (US) (6GK5763-1AL00-3AB0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM763-1 (US) (6GK5763-1AL00-3DB0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM766-1 (6GK5766-1GE00-3DA0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM766-1 (ME) (6GK5766-1GE00-3DC0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0), SCALANCE WUM766-1 (USA) (6GK5766-1GE00-3DB0) (All versions \u003c V3.0.0). Affected devices use a weak checksum algorithm to protect the configuration backup that an administrator can export from the device. This could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative privileges or an attacker that tricks a legitimate administrator to upload a modified configuration file to change the configuration of an affected device."
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CVE-2023-43635 (GCVE-0-2023-43635)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-20 14:58 – Updated: 2024-09-25 14:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vault Key Sealed With SHA1 PCRs
Summary
Vault Key Sealed With SHA1 PCRs
The measured boot solution implemented in EVE OS leans on a PCR locking mechanism.
Different parts of the system update different PCR values in the TPM, resulting in a unique
value for each PCR entry.
These PCRs are then used in order to seal/unseal a key from the TPM which is used to
encrypt/decrypt the “vault” directory.
This “vault” directory is the most sensitive point in the system and as such, its content should
be protected.
This mechanism is noted in Zededa’s documentation as the “measured boot” mechanism,
designed to protect said “vault”.
The code that’s responsible for generating and fetching the key from the TPM assumes that
SHA256 PCRs are used in order to seal/unseal the key, and as such their presence is being
checked.
The issue here is that the key is not sealed using SHA256 PCRs, but using SHA1 PCRs.
This leads to several issues:
• Machines that have their SHA256 PCRs enabled but SHA1 PCRs disabled, as well
as not sealing their keys at all, meaning the “vault” is not protected from an attacker.
• SHA1 is considered insecure and reduces the complexity level required to unseal the
key in machines which have their SHA1 PCRs enabled.
An attacker can very easily retrieve the contents of the “vault”, which will effectively render
the “measured boot” mechanism meaningless.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LF-Edge, Zededa | EVE OS |
Affected:
0 , < 9.5.0
(release)
|
|
| linuxfoundation | edge_virtualization_engine |
Affected:
0 , < 9.5.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:o:linuxfoundation:edge_virtualization_engine:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2023-09-20 14:57
Credits
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CVE-2023-43630 (GCVE-0-2023-43630)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-09-20 14:37 – Updated: 2024-09-24 18:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Config Partition Not Measured From 2 Fronts
Summary
PCR14 is not in the list of PCRs that seal/unseal the “vault” key, but
due to the change that was implemented in commit
“7638364bc0acf8b5c481b5ce5fea11ad44ad7fd4”, fixing this issue alone would not solve the
problem of the config partition not being measured correctly.
Also, the “vault” key is sealed/unsealed with SHA1 PCRs instead of
SHA256.
This issue was somewhat mitigated due to all of the PCR extend functions
updating both the values of SHA256 and SHA1 for a given PCR ID.
However, due to the change that was implemented in commit
“7638364bc0acf8b5c481b5ce5fea11ad44ad7fd4”, this is no longer the case for PCR14, as
the code in “measurefs.go” explicitly updates only the SHA256 instance of PCR14, which
means that even if PCR14 were to be added to the list of PCRs sealing/unsealing the “vault”
key, changes to the config partition would still not be measured.
An attacker could modify the config partition without triggering the measured boot, this could
result in the attacker gaining full control over the device with full access to the contents of the
encrypted “vault”
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| LF-Edge, Zededa | EVE OS |
Affected:
9.0.0 , < 9.5.0
(release)
|
Date Public
2023-09-20 14:35
Credits
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CVE-2023-5962 (GCVE-0-2023-5962)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-12-23 09:09 – Updated: 2024-10-28 06:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ioLogik E1200 Series: Weak Cryptographic Algorithm Vulnerability
Summary
A weak cryptographic algorithm vulnerability has been identified in ioLogik E1200 Series firmware versions v3.3 and prior. This vulnerability can help an attacker compromise the confidentiality of sensitive data. This vulnerability may lead an attacker to get unexpected authorization.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.moxa.com/en/support/product-support/s… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moxa | ioLogik E1200 Series |
Affected:
1.0 , ≤ 3.3
(custom)
|
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CVE-2023-2900 (GCVE-0-2023-2900)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-05-25 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-02 06:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NFine Rapid Development Platform CheckLogin weak hash
Summary
A vulnerability was found in NFine Rapid Development Platform 20230511. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file /Login/CheckLogin. The manipulation leads to use of weak hash. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-229974 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.229974 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.229974 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://github.com/Peanut886/Vulnerability/blob/m… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NFine | Rapid Development Platform |
Affected:
20230511
|
Credits
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CVE-2023-0452 (GCVE-0-2023-0452)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-01-26 20:39 – Updated: 2025-01-16 21:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Econolite EOS versions prior to 3.2.23 use a weak hash
algorithm for encrypting privileged user credentials. A configuration file that
is accessible without authentication uses MD5 hashes for encrypting
credentials, including those of administrators and technicians.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-328 - Use of Weak Hash
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-2… | government-resource |
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CVE-2022-45141 (GCVE-0-2022-45141)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-03-06 00:00 – Updated: 2025-03-06 20:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Since the Windows Kerberos RC4-HMAC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability was disclosed by Microsoft on Nov 8 2022 and per RFC8429 it is assumed that rc4-hmac is weak, Vulnerable Samba Active Directory DCs will issue rc4-hmac encrypted tickets despite the target server supporting better encryption (eg aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96).
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.samba.org/samba/security/CVE-2022-451… | |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-06 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2022-29835 (GCVE-0-2022-29835)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-09-19 19:43 – Updated: 2024-08-03 06:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WD Discovery's Use of Weak Hashing Algorithm for Code Signing
Summary
WD Discovery software executable files were signed with an unsafe SHA-1 hashing algorithm. An attacker could use this weakness to create forged certificate signatures due to the use of a hashing algorithm that is not collision-free. This could thereby impact the confidentiality of user content. This issue affects: Western Digital WD Discovery WD Discovery Desktop App versions prior to 4.4.396 on Mac; WD Discovery Desktop App versions prior to 4.4.396 on Windows.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-328 - Reversible One-Way Hash
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.westerndigital.com/support/product-se… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Digital | WD Discovery |
Affected:
WD Discovery Desktop App , < 4.4.396
(custom)
|
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CVE-2022-29249 (GCVE-0-2022-29249)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-05-24 15:15 – Updated: 2025-04-23 18:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reversible One-Way Hash and Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm in io.github.javaezlib.JavaEZ
Summary
JavaEZ is a library that adds new functions to make Java easier. A weakness in JavaEZ 1.6 allows force decryption of locked text by unauthorized actors. The issue is NOT critical for non-secure applications, however may be critical in a situation where the highest levels of security are required. This issue ONLY affects v1.6 and does not affect anything pre-1.6. The vulnerability has been patched in release 1.7. Currently, there is no way to fix the issue without upgrading.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/JavaEZLib/JavaEZ/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/JavaEZLib/JavaEZ/releases/tag/1.7 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2022-3433 (GCVE-0-2022-3433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-10-10 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 01:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
The aeson library is not safe to use to consume untrusted JSON input. A remote user could abuse this flaw to produce a hash collision in the underlying unordered-containers library by sending specially crafted JSON data, resulting in a denial of service.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-328 - >CWE-400
Assigner
References
1 reference
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Mitigation MIT-51
Architecture and Design
- Use an adaptive hash function that can be configured to change the amount of computational effort needed to compute the hash, such as the number of iterations ("stretching") or the amount of memory required. Some hash functions perform salting automatically. These functions can significantly increase the overhead for a brute force attack compared to intentionally-fast functions such as MD5. For example, rainbow table attacks can become infeasible due to the high computing overhead. Finally, since computing power gets faster and cheaper over time, the technique can be reconfigured to increase the workload without forcing an entire replacement of the algorithm in use.
- Some hash functions that have one or more of these desired properties include bcrypt [REF-291], scrypt [REF-292], and PBKDF2 [REF-293]. While there is active debate about which of these is the most effective, they are all stronger than using salts with hash functions with very little computing overhead.
- Note that using these functions can have an impact on performance, so they require special consideration to avoid denial-of-service attacks. However, their configurability provides finer control over how much CPU and memory is used, so it could be adjusted to suit the environment's needs.
CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness
An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.
CAPEC-68: Subvert Code-signing Facilities
Many languages use code signing facilities to vouch for code's identity and to thus tie code to its assigned privileges within an environment. Subverting this mechanism can be instrumental in an attacker escalating privilege. Any means of subverting the way that a virtual machine enforces code signing classifies for this style of attack.