Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-522
Allowed-with-ReviewInsufficiently Protected Credentials
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product transmits or stores authentication credentials, but it uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval.
1981 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-90895 (GCVE-0-2026-90895)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 09:40 – Updated: 2026-09-14 10:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MISP Interactive CLI Shell: Authorization Bypass, Credential Exposure, and Terminal Injection
Summary
Affected versions of MISP’s interactive CLI shell implement access control independently from the normal web application, causing several authorization inconsistencies.
The patch shows that CLI access could differ from the web application in multiple security-sensitive areas:
- feed listings did not enforce the same lookup_visible restrictions for non-host-organisation users;
- feed detail access did not enforce the same host-organisation/site-admin authorization as FeedsController::view();
- Feed.headers, which can contain HTTP authorization credentials, could be exposed instead of being hidden or masked;
- server synchronization authkey values were not explicitly hidden from CLI detail output;
- sharing-group detail access did not consistently use SharingGroup::checkIfAuthorised();
- the use command could establish context for a record without first proving that the user was authorized to view that record
The commit additionally hardens pagination and terminal rendering, including neutralization of terminal control sequences found in database-backed values. Those are important hardening changes, but the main vulnerability is the CLI authorization/data-disclosure mismatch.
Version affected: ≤2.5.45
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 10:24 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/cd9f548ed | patch |
GCVE extensions
AI-generated
Confidence: high
Model
qwen3.8:27b
advisory
bcp-05-x-01bcp-05-x-02
AI involvement
GCVE-BCP-05-X-01
Draft vulnerability metadata was generated from a git-format patch using an Ollama-hosted language model. Human validation is required before publication.
ai-computer-assisted:llm-generatedai-computer-assisted:classification
| Model | Source | Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| qwen3.8:27b | ollama | qwen3.8:27b |
Patch provenance
GCVE-BCP-05-X-02
- Generator
-
patch2vuln.pyon 2026-09-14 09:16 - Model
qwen3.8:27b- Input
-
https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/cd9f548ed.patch
1993ed3ac039… - Confidence
- high
| Commit | Subject | Patch SHA-256 |
|---|---|---|
cd9f548ed808
|
fix: [cli] Route interactive CLI shell authorization through | 1993ed3ac039… |
Fix summary
The fix replaces the shell's hand-rolled authorization logic with the same model-level accessors used by the web interface (Event::fetchSimpleEvent, MispAttribute::fetchAttributes, MispObject::fetchObjects, SharingGroup::checkIfAuthorised, Organisation::canSee), ensuring read and write operations enforce identical ACL rules. Credential columns are excluded at the query level via a hiddenFields mechanism so they are never fetched from the database. The inline detail editor now delegates to the entity-specific edit handlers, which enforce per-record write authorization. All terminal output passes through a sanitiser that neutralises C0/C1 control characters, ANSI escape sequences, and Unicode bidirectional overrides. Pagination is clamped to a safe range (1-1000) to prevent unbounded result sets.
Patch summary
Replaced hand-rolled ACL conditions in attribute, object, feed, sharing-group, and organisation queries with calls to the model's authorized fetch methods (fetchAttributes, fetchObjects, fetchSimpleEvent, checkIfAuthorised, canSee). Added hiddenFields configuration for server (authkey), feed (headers), and user (password, authkey, totp, hotp_counter, external_auth_key) so credential columns are excluded from SQL SELECT. Added __detailFields() to build the field list excluding hidden columns. Rewrote __editDetailField() to delegate to entity-specific edit handlers with a $fields parameter, eliminating the unguarded direct save(). Added __canWriteEntity() and __denyWrite() as a unified write-authorization gate for add/edit/delete. Added __term() sanitiser applied via overridden out()/err() methods and __termRows() for list data, neutralising C0/C1 controls, DEL, and Unicode bidi characters. Added __normalisePagination() to clamp limit to 1-1000 and page to >=1. Added __warnUnsupportedFilters() to report ignored
CVSS rationale
AV:L: The CLI shell is a local console command requiring SSH or local shell access to the MISP server. AC:L: No race conditions or special timing are needed; the unguarded write path and missing ACL checks are deterministic. AT:N: The authorization bypass and credential exposure require no target interaction. PR:L: Any authenticated MISP user with basic permissions (perm_add) can exploit the write bypass and read credential columns. UI:N: The core authorization bypass and data exposure do not require the victim to perform any action. VC:H: Sensitive credentials (feed HTTP auth, server sync key, user passwords/TOTP) are exposed. VI:H: An attacker can modify events, attributes, and objects they should not be able to change. VA:H: An attacker can read records (feeds, organisations, hidden tags) outside their authorized scope. SC/SI/SA:N: Impact is confined to the local MISP instance and its data.
Weakness rationale
- CWE-862 The primary vulnerability: the inline detail editor saved records without enforcing per-record write authorization, and list/detail queries used incomplete ACL conditions that did not match the web interface's access rules. A user who could read a record could modify it, and could read records (feeds, organisations, tags) the web would not expose.
- CWE-200 Credential columns (Feed.headers, Server.authkey, User.password/authkey/totp/hotp_counter/external_auth_key) were fetched from the database and exposed in CLI output to users who should not have access, and organisation/tag visibility settings were not enforced.
- CWE-150 Database values containing ANSI escape sequences, C0/C1 control characters, or Unicode bidirectional override characters were printed verbatim to the terminal, allowing output forgery, window retitling, and visual manipulation of displayed indicators.
- CWE-400 A limit value of zero, negative, or non-numeric caused the ORM to omit the SQL LIMIT clause, returning the entire table into memory and enabling denial of service.
Assumptions to verify
- The CLI shell is accessible to any authenticated MISP user with local/SSH access to the server; no additional authentication layer is assumed.
- The affected version range is not precisely bounded; the fix commit is 184 commits after tag v2.5.46, but the exact release version containing the fix is not stated in the patch metadata.
- CVSS assumes the attacker already possesses a low-privilege MISP account and local shell access; remote exploitation without local access is not assessed.
- The terminal injection impact (VC:H) is assessed on the basis that an analyst's terminal session is the primary trust boundary for indicator review; in automated/piped contexts the impact may be lower.
- The unguarded write path is assessed as allowing modification of any readable record, not limited to specific entity types, based on the patch comment stating 'a user rewrite any record they could read'.
Model comparison
Selected qwen3.8:27b
by deterministic-consensus-v1
The selected result is closest to model consensus; this heuristic does not establish factual correctness and human review remains required.
| Model | Score | Agreement | Confidence | Assumptions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
qwen3.8:27b |
6 | 9 | high | 5 |
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CVE-2026-88013 (GCVE-0-2026-88013)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 15:39 – Updated: 2026-09-10 16:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
rclone: http backend forwards custom/auth headers to a different host on redirect
Summary
rclone is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers. From 1.49.0 until 1.75.1, the HTTP backend attaches headers configured through --http-headers or headers= to requests in backend/http/http.go, while its fshttp.NewClient client follows redirects without a backend-specific http.Client.CheckRedirect policy. A configured remote that redirects to another host can therefore cause custom secrets such as X-Api-Key to be resent to that untrusted destination, and a same-host HTTPS-to-HTTP redirect can expose Authorization or Cookie headers in cleartext. Listing, stat, download, mount, and serve operations can trigger the leak during normal use. This issue is fixed in version 1.75.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-10 16:12 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/commit/22859b7e6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/commit/79fbc0842… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/commit/925fb4fb2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/rclone/rclone/releases/tag/v1.75.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-86726 (GCVE-0-2026-86726)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 15:13 – Updated: 2026-09-08 15:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
AVideo through 29.0 Information Disclosure via restreamsActive.json.php
Summary
AVideo through 29.0 contains an information disclosure vulnerability in restreamsActive.json.php that allows authenticated streamers to enumerate source stream keys and identities of all other streamers' active restreams. The endpoint fails to filter results by user ownership, exposing sensitive transmission credentials and streamer identity across all accounts to any user with streaming capability.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisorie… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/avideo-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-24 00:00
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CVE-2026-86600 (GCVE-0-2026-86600)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 15:48 – Updated: 2026-09-10 15:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Workload identity attestation generated before login host validation in Snowflake drivers
Summary
In affected Snowflake drivers, WORKLOAD_IDENTITY authentication requests a cloud workload-identity token and attaches it to the login request without verifying that the configured host is a Snowflake endpoint. An attacker who can modify the connection configuration can cause the driver to mint a fresh attestation and send it to a host they control. The captured token can be replayed to Snowflake for its remaining lifetime in accounts where that workload identity is already registered. On Azure, the token audience is also taken from connection configuration. Combined with an attacker-controlled host, the driver can request a Managed Identity access token scoped to a non-Snowflake Azure resource and deliver it to the attacker. That path is the only case in which impact extends beyond Snowflake; it is bounded by the token lifetime and the managed identity’s permissions. Successful exploitation requires WORKLOAD_IDENTITY authentication on a workload that already has an ambient cloud identity. Patched driver versions restrict this authenticator to recognized Snowflake hosts. Users must manually upgrade.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 18:03 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
11 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Snowflake | Snowflake Connector for Python |
Affected:
3.14.1 , < 4.7.3
(python)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake Go Driver |
Affected:
1.15.0 , ≤ 1.19.1
(semver)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake Go Driver |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.2.0
(semver)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake JDBC Driver |
Affected:
3.24.0 , < 4.3.4
(maven)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake JDBC Driver (FIPS) |
Affected:
3.24.0 , < 4.3.4
(maven)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake JDBC Driver (Thin) |
Affected:
3.24.0 , < 4.3.4
(maven)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake Node.js Driver |
Affected:
2.1.1 , < 3.3.0
(semver)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake Connector for .NET |
Affected:
4.7.0 , < 6.1.0
(semver)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake ODBC Driver |
Affected:
3.9.0 , < 3.20.0
(semver)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake PHP PDO Driver |
Affected:
3.6.0 , < 4.2.0
(semver)
|
|
| Snowflake | Snowflake Libsnowflakeclient |
Affected:
2.2.0 , < 2.10.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-86175 (GCVE-0-2026-86175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-05 11:01 – Updated: 2026-09-08 13:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NetBox through 4.7.0 Credential Disclosure via REST and GraphQL APIs
Summary
NetBox through 4.7.0 fails to redact sensitive data source backend credentials in REST and GraphQL API responses. Authenticated users with only view permission can retrieve plaintext passwords and secret keys for Git and Amazon S3 backends through API endpoints, gaining unauthorized access to external repositories and storage buckets.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-08 13:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/geo-chen/oss/blob/main/netbox.… | third-party-advisoryexploit |
| https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/v… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/v… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/blob/v… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox/issues/12625 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/netbox-community/netbox | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netbox-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| netbox-community | netbox |
Affected:
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cpe:2.3:a:netbox:netbox:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-85700 (GCVE-0-2026-85700)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 14:32 – Updated: 2026-09-04 14:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Onyx 4.6.6 Custom Tool Secret Header Disclosure via Tool Endpoints
Summary
Onyx 4.6.6 fails to properly restrict access to custom tool credentials stored in custom_headers, allowing any authenticated user to read admin-defined API keys. Attackers with basic authentication can call GET /tool/{tool_id} or GET /tool endpoints to retrieve plaintext authorization headers and third-party API credentials, then use them to directly access upstream APIs.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-04 14:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/onyx-dot-app/onyx/issues/13165 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/onyx-dot-app/onyx | product |
| https://github.com/onyx-dot-app/onyx/blob/v4.6.6/… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/onyx-dot-app/onyx/blob/v4.6.6/… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/onyx-4.6.6-c… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| onyx-dot-app | onyx |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 4.6.6
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:onyx:onyx:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-07-19 00:00
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CVE-2026-84179 (GCVE-0-2026-84179)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 13:57 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Storm Nimbus, Apache Storm UI: Disclosure of Unredacted Merged Daemon Configuration via the Topology Page
Summary
Description
getTopologyPageInfo merged the Nimbus daemon configuration with the topology's own configuration and returned the result without redaction in the topology_conf field of TopologyPageInfo. The Storm UI copied that value verbatim into the configuration field of GET /api/v1/topology/{id} and of the corresponding metrics endpoint.
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getTopologyPageInfo is a topology read-only operation. Under SimpleACLAuthorizer a principal listed in topology.readonly.users or topology.readonly.groups could therefore read daemon credentials that the dedicated cluster configuration API, getNimbusConf, redacts and that is gated on nimbus.users instead. The sibling operations that exist to serve configuration were masked; the topology page, which merges in strictly more daemon state, was not.
Mitigation
Upgrade to 3.1.0, where credential-bearing values are masked before any configuration is served over the Nimbus API.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should remove any principal that is not trusted with cluster credentials from topology.readonly.users, topology.readonly.groups, topology.users and topology.groups, and should rotate the ZooKeeper authentication payload and any TLS keystore or truststore passwords that were reachable through the topology page.
Credit
Wanxin Yin (yaklang.io) reported this issue to the Apache Security Team.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:48 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/3pj6tf6xq8l6f661k… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm Nimbus |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
|
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm UI |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-82786 (GCVE-0-2026-82786)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 06:43 – Updated: 2026-09-14 11:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Insufficiently protected credentials issue exists in Remote I/O Coupler Unit (Server Type) CPSN-MCB271-*. If this vulnerability is exploited, sensitive information may be restored from a backup file.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 11:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-522 - Insufficiently protected credentials
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contec Co., Ltd. | Remote I/O Coupler Unit (Server Type) CPSN-MCB271-* |
Affected:
0 , < 1.82
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-82434 (GCVE-0-2026-82434)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 14:10 – Updated: 2026-09-14 19:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Storm Nimbus, Apache Storm Client: Disclosure of the Topology ZooKeeper Credential to Read-Only Users and to Logs
Summary
Description
When ZooKeeper authentication is configured, Storm deliberately retains
`storm.zookeeper.topology.auth.payload` in the topology configuration, because workers need it. Nimbus then
served that configuration verbatim to any caller holding read-only topology permissions, so a user whose
only grant was the ability to view a topology received its ZooKeeper credential.
That credential is not read-only. The cluster state implementation uses write-capable ACLs for worker
heartbeats, backpressure and error state, so a recipient can forge or remove that state for the topology
concerned. It is not a write credential on assignments.
The same advisory covers the submission client, which logged the generated payload at INFO on every
submission that generated one, and the SASL handlers, which logged it at DEBUG. The credential therefore
also reached any log aggregation or support bundle collected from the cluster.
Mitigation
Upgrade to 3.1.0, where the payload is removed from the configuration served to read-only callers and is no
longer written to logs.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should rotate `storm.zookeeper.topology.auth.payload` for existing
topologies, review retained logs and support bundles for the value, and restrict read-only topology
permissions to trusted principals.
Credit
The ASF -- found using Claude agents to study the security of open-source projects, validated and reported by Apache Storm.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 19:50 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm Nimbus |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
|
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm Client |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-82433 (GCVE-0-2026-82433)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-14 14:12 – Updated: 2026-09-14 20:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Storm Nimbus, Apache Storm UI: Disclosure of Unredacted Daemon Configuration via Nimbus and the UI
Summary
Description
`getNimbusConf` returned the complete daemon configuration without redaction after only a user-level
authorization check. Where the cluster is configured with them, that response includes
`storm.zookeeper.auth.payload` and the keystore and truststore passwords for the Thrift, Netty and
ZooKeeper TLS configuration. The project masks passwords elsewhere before display, so the omission here is
inconsistent rather than intended.
The UI endpoint `/api/v1/cluster/configuration` compounded this. It carried no `@AuthNimbusOp` annotation,
and the authorization filter treated a missing annotation as "no gate required" and returned immediately, so
the endpoint applied no per-user check at all and proxied the request under the UI daemon's own principal.
Any user able to pass `ui.filter` therefore received the full configuration, including principals that
Nimbus itself would have refused.
Mitigation
Upgrade to 3.1.0, where credential-bearing values are masked before the configuration is served and where
every UI API endpoint must declare its authorization explicitly.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should place the UI behind an authenticating reverse proxy that
restricts `/api/v1/cluster/configuration`, and should rotate the ZooKeeper authentication payload and any
TLS keystore or truststore passwords that were reachable through it.
Credit
The ASF -- found using Claude agents to study the security of open-source projects, validated and reported by Apache Storm.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-14 20:02 UTC
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/ohw4s30rhm2r20498… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm Nimbus |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
|
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Storm UI |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 3.1.0
(semver)
|
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"title": "Apache Storm Nimbus, Apache Storm UI: Disclosure of Unredacted Daemon Configuration via Nimbus and the UI",
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},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09",
"assignerShortName": "apache",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-82433",
"datePublished": "2026-09-14T14:12:23.796Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-29T10:25:15.578Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-14T20:02:43.408Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an appropriate security mechanism to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Make appropriate use of cryptography to protect the credentials.
Mitigation
Implementation
Use industry standards to protect the credentials (e.g. LDAP, keystore, etc.).
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-474: Signature Spoofing by Key Theft
An attacker obtains an authoritative or reputable signer's private signature key by theft and then uses this key to forge signatures from the original signer to mislead a victim into performing actions that benefit the attacker.
CAPEC-50: Password Recovery Exploitation
An attacker may take advantage of the application feature to help users recover their forgotten passwords in order to gain access into the system with the same privileges as the original user. Generally password recovery schemes tend to be weak and insecure.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-560: Use of Known Domain Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-600: Credential Stuffing
An adversary tries known username/password combinations against different systems, applications, or services to gain additional authenticated access. Credential Stuffing attacks rely upon the fact that many users leverage the same username/password combination for multiple systems, applications, and services.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-653: Use of Known Operating System Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate operating system credentials (e.g. userID/password) to achieve authentication and to perform authorized actions on the system, under the guise of an authenticated user or service. This applies to any Operating System.