Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-287

Discouraged

Improper Authentication

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.

5964 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-45690 (GCVE-0-2026-45690)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 17:08 – Updated: 2026-06-02 12:49
VLAI
Title
Nextcloud: Two-Factor Authentication Bypass via Pending Session Token Replay
Summary
Nextcloud is an open source content collaboration platform. In Nextcloud Server from versions 32.0.0 to before 32.0.9, and 33.0.0 to before 33.0.3, an authentication bypass vulnerability allowed attackers with knowledge of a user's password to circumvent two-factor authentication (2FA) protections. When a user initiated login with valid credentials on a 2FA-enabled account, the system created a temporary session token before enforcing the second factor challenge. This token could be extracted and replayed via HTTP Basic Authentication to gain unauthorized access to authenticated endpoints. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Server is upgraded to 33.0.3 or 32.0.9. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Enterprise Server is upgraded to 33.0.3, 32.0.9, 31.0.14.5, 30.0.17.9 or 29.0.16.16
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: >= 32.0.0, < 32.0.9
Affected: >= 33.0.0, < 33.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
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CVE-2026-45567 (GCVE-0-2026-45567)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 15:37 – Updated: 2026-06-10 16:31
VLAI
Title
Roxy-WI: Authentication bypass via 'api' substring in URL + unauthenticated /api/gpt
Summary
Roxy-WI is a web interface for managing Haproxy, Nginx, Apache and Keepalived servers. In versions 8.2.6.4 and prior, there is an authentication bypass vulnerability via 'api' substring in URL + unauthenticated /api/gpt. At time of publication, there are no publicly available patches.
Severity
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-697 - Incorrect Comparison
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
roxy-wi roxy-wi Affected: <= 8.2.6.4
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-45480 (GCVE-0-2026-45480)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 20:27 – Updated: 2026-07-15 20:08 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
Title
Azure Active Directory Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Summary
Improper authentication in Azure Active Directory allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-18 14:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45434 (GCVE-0-2026-45434)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-19 09:40 – Updated: 2026-05-20 15:34
VLAI
Title
Apache OFBiz: Authentication Bypass via Password-Change Logic Flaw Leading to RCE
Summary
Improper Authentication vulnerability in Apache OFBiz via Password-Change Logic Flaw Leading to Remote Code Execution This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 24.09.06. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 24.09.06, which fixes the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache OFBiz Affected: 0 , < 24.09.06 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Mike Cole
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45363 (GCVE-0-2026-45363)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-15 13:26
VLAI
Title
`jwt` (Ruby gem) - empty-key HMAC bypass
Summary
ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-326 - Inadequate Encryption Strength
  • CWE-1391 - Use of Weak Credentials
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jwt ruby-jwt Affected: < 2.10.3
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-45289 (GCVE-0-2026-45289)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 20:36 – Updated: 2026-06-03 13:34
VLAI
Title
CloudburstMC Protocol: Partially missing validation for FULL type authentication tokens
Summary
CloudburstMC Protocol is a protocol library for Minecraft Bedrock Edition. Prior to version 3.0.0.Beta12-20260420.182526-15, CloudburstMC Protocol is partially missing validation for FULL type authentication tokens (Cloudburst/Protocol). This vulnerability impacts publicly accessible software depending on the affected versions of Protocol, specifically the EncryptionUtils methods to validate auth payloads for FULL type tokens. This issue has been patched in version 3.0.0.Beta12-20260420.182526-15.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CloudburstMC Protocol Affected: < 3.0.0.Beta12-20260420.182526-15
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-45283 (GCVE-0-2026-45283)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 16:53 – Updated: 2026-06-01 21:42
VLAI
Title
Nextcloud: Files Lock app allows users to lock and unlock files of other users
Summary
Nextcloud is an open source content collaboration platform. In Nextcloud Server from versions 32.0.0 to before 32.0.2, and 33.0.0 to before 33.0.1, the files_lock app did not properly validate the ownership of files when processing DAV lock and unlock requests. An authenticated user could lock or unlock files belonging to other users by targeting their absolute WebDAV paths. Additionally, lock tokens were disclosed to unauthorized callers in error responses, allowing attackers to remove token-based locks placed by other users' client applications. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Server is upgraded to 32.0.2 or 33.0.1. It is recommended that the Nextcloud Enterprise Server is upgraded to 31.0.14.4 or 32.0.2 or 33.0.1
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: >= 32.0.0, < 32.0.2
Affected: >= 33.0.0, < 33.0.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45156 (GCVE-0-2026-45156)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 16:38 – Updated: 2026-06-03 03:55
VLAI
Title
Nextcloud: Authentication Bypass in ID4me handling via Missing JWT Signature Verification in User OIDC
Summary
Nextcloud is an open source content collaboration platform. From versions 0.3.0 to before 3.1.0, 5.0.0 to before 5.1.0, and 6.0.0 to before 6.4.0, a missing signature verification in User OIDC allowed a malicious ID4me authority to identify as any user. This issue has been patched in versions 3.1.0, 4.1.0, 5.1.0, 6.4.0 and 8.3.0.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: >= 0.3.0, < 3.1.0
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.1.0
Affected: >= 6.0.0, < 6.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-45153 (GCVE-0-2026-45153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-01 16:37 – Updated: 2026-06-01 17:53
VLAI
Title
Nextcloud: PIN bypass in PassCodeActivity via back button
Summary
Nextcloud is an open source content collaboration platform. From version 33.0.0 to before version 33.1.0, after unlocking a locked Android phone the back-button could be used to bypass the Nextcloud Files app PIN. This issue has been patched in version 33.1.0.
Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nextcloud security-advisories Affected: >= 33.0.0, < 33.1.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-44986 (GCVE-0-2026-44986)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-15 15:08 – Updated: 2026-07-15 15:40
VLAI
Title
Penpot: Pre-authenticated account takeover via team-invitation token + prepare-register-profile
Summary
Penpot is an open-source design tool for design and code collaboration. Prior to 2.14.5, Penpot exposed teams_invitations.clj invitation tokens from create-team-invitations, embedded an existing profile id in auth.clj prepare-register-profile, and had auth.clj register-profile issue a session based on the invitation email match without password verification, allowing a registered user to take over any non-blocked profile. This issue is fixed in version 2.14.5.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-639 - Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
penpot penpot Affected: < 2.14.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.

CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse

An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.

CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass

An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.

CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing

Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.

CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data

An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking

This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.

CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.

CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server

By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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