Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-749

Allowed

Exposed Dangerous Method or Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product provides an Applications Programming Interface (API) or similar interface for interaction with external actors, but the interface includes a dangerous method or function that is not properly restricted.

303 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-14494 (GCVE-0-2025-14494)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:17 – Updated: 2025-12-24 16:29
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27676.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:28
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14493 (GCVE-0-2025-14493)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:16 – Updated: 2025-12-26 19:36
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27675.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:29
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14492 (GCVE-0-2025-14492)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:16 – Updated: 2025-12-26 19:35
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27668.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:29
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14491 (GCVE-0-2025-14491)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:17 – Updated: 2025-12-29 18:04
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27660.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:28
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14490 (GCVE-0-2025-14490)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:16 – Updated: 2025-12-29 18:03
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27659.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:28
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14489 (GCVE-0-2025-14489)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:17 – Updated: 2025-12-29 18:03
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27658.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:28
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-14488 (GCVE-0-2025-14488)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-23 21:16 – Updated: 2025-12-26 19:37
VLAI
Title
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Summary
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Exposed Dangerous Function Local Privilege Escalation Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the SAS Core Service. The issue results from an exposed dangerous function. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of SYSTEM. Was ZDI-CAN-27657.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
RealDefense SUPERAntiSpyware Affected: 10.0.1276 Free Edition
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-12-19 14:28
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-9611 (GCVE-0-2025-9611)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-07 04:24 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:26
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Playwright MCP Server < 0.0.40 DNS Rebinding via Missing Origin Header Validation
Summary
Microsoft Playwright MCP Server versions prior to 0.0.40 fails to validate the Origin header on incoming connections. This allows an attacker to perform a DNS rebinding attack via a victim’s web browser and send unauthorized requests to a locally running MCP server, resulting in unintended invocation of MCP tool endpoints.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Playwright Affected: 0 , < 0.0.40 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Jonathan Leitschuh
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5823 (GCVE-0-2025-5823)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-25 18:01 – Updated: 2025-06-26 13:17
VLAI
Title
Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial Serial Number Exposed Dangerous Method Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial Serial Number Exposed Dangerous Method Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Autel MaxiCharger AC Wallbox Commercial EV chargers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the implementation of the Autel Technician API. The issue results from an exposed dangerous method. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to disclose credentials, leading to further compromise. Was ZDI-CAN-26351.
Severity
4.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-06-11 17:27
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-5748 (GCVE-0-2025-5748)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-06 15:53
VLAI
Title
WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger LAN OTA Exposed Dangerous Method Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger LAN OTA Exposed Dangerous Method Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed. The specific flaw exists within the Tuya communications module software. The issue results from the exposure of a method allowing the upload of crafted software images to the module. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26349.
Severity
8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-749 - Exposed Dangerous Method or Function
Assigner
zdi
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger Affected: 3.1.17 (main), 1.2.6 (MCU)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-06-06 15:28
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-5748",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-06-06T15:53:29.890180Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
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          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-06-06T15:53:34.528Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unknown",
          "product": "Level 2 EV Charger",
          "vendor": "WOLFBOX",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.1.17 (main), 1.2.6 (MCU)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "dateAssigned": "2025-06-05T20:45:25.536Z",
      "datePublic": "2025-06-06T15:28:32.548Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger LAN OTA Exposed Dangerous Method Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger. Although authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability, the existing authentication mechanism can be bypassed.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the Tuya communications module software. The issue results from the exposure of a method allowing the upload of crafted software images to the module. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the device. Was ZDI-CAN-26349."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_0": {
            "baseScore": 8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.0"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-749",
              "description": "CWE-749: Exposed Dangerous Method or Function",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-06-06T15:30:05.415Z",
        "orgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
        "shortName": "zdi"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "ZDI-25-327",
          "tags": [
            "x_research-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-327/"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "lang": "en",
        "value": "Sina Kheirkhah (@SinSinology) of Summoning Team (@SummoningTeam)"
      },
      "title": "WOLFBOX Level 2 EV Charger LAN OTA Exposed Dangerous Method Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "99f1926a-a320-47d8-bbb5-42feb611262e",
    "assignerShortName": "zdi",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-5748",
    "datePublished": "2025-06-06T15:30:05.415Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-06-05T20:45:25.492Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-06-06T15:53:34.528Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If you must expose a method, make sure to perform input validation on all arguments, limit access to authorized parties, and protect against all possible vulnerabilities.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Identify all exposed functionality. Explicitly list all functionality that must be exposed to some user or set of users. Identify which functionality may be:
  • Ensure that the implemented code follows these expectations. This includes setting the appropriate access modifiers where applicable (public, private, protected, etc.) or not marking ActiveX controls safe-for-scripting.
  • accessible to all users
  • restricted to a small set of privileged users
  • prevented from being directly accessible at all
CAPEC-500: WebView Injection

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, injects code into the context of a web page displayed by a WebView component. Through the injected code, an adversary is able to manipulate the DOM tree and cookies of the page, expose sensitive information, and can launch attacks against the web application from within the web page.

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