Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-470
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
238 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-115931 (GCVE-0-2026-115931)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 22:02 – Updated: 2026-10-24 14:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Arbitrary file read and backend crash through unrestricted provider method calls
Summary
Postiz lets a signed-in user ask the backend to run a function on one of their connected channels. The backend did not restrict which functions can be requested, so a user could call internal helper functions that were never meant to be reachable from the web interface.
One of those helpers reads a file from the server's disk. A user who connects a channel whose stored token is a file path can have the backend return the contents of any file it can read, including its environment, which holds the secret used to sign login sessions, the database address and the credentials of connected services. Another helper makes the backend process exit with a single request. Self-registration is open by default, so no existing account and no action by another user is needed.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/gitroomhq/postiz-app | product |
| https://github.com/gitroomhq/postiz-app/releases/… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/gitroomhq/postiz-app/commit/93… | patch |
| https://gadvisory.org/advisories/PSA-2026-JNXM56 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GitroomHQ | postiz-app |
Affected:
2.23.0 , < 2.25.2
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-10-23 22:00
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CVE-2026-115886 (GCVE-0-2026-115886)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 21:17 – Updated: 2026-10-23 21:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MLflow: SSRF on unauthenticated MLflow servers via third-party scorer kwargs in the scorer invoke, register, and GenAI evaluate endpoints
Summary
MLflow is an open source AI engineering platform for agents, large language models, and machine learning models. From 3.12.0rc0 until 3.17.0, the scorer invoke, register, and GenAI evaluate endpoints, including unauthenticated POST /ajax-api/3.0/mlflow/scorer/invoke, accept serialized third-party scorer data that Scorer.model_validate_json resolves using a module-path allowlist without constraining the selected class or its constructor arguments. When optional trulens and trulens-providers-litellm packages are installed, an attacker can select mlflow.genai.scorers.trulens, choose a model URI outside MLflow's native provider registry so execution uses the LiteLLM fallback, and supply api_base and api_key values that cause the server to send an outbound request to an attacker-chosen or internal host with attacker-controlled headers and body. The vulnerable deserialization occurs before a tracking-store lookup or job submission. This issue is fixed in version 3.17.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/pull/25890 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/commit/bac30b414… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/mlflow/mlflow/releases/tag/v3.17.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-115749 (GCVE-0-2026-115749)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 13:03 – Updated: 2026-10-23 14:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
hydra-ray-launcher 1.1.0.dev1 before 1.2.2 and 1.4.0.dev4 before 1.4.0rc2 Arbitrary Module Import
Summary
hydra-ray-launcher 1.1.0.dev1 before 1.2.2 and 1.4.0.dev4 before 1.4.0rc2 contains an arbitrary module import vulnerability via the ray_pkg_version OmegaConf resolver passing input to importlib.import_module(). Attackers controlling configuration values or command-line overrides can supply a ray_pkg_version interpolation to import any installed module, triggering its import-time side effects in the application process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-23 14:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/pull/3566 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/hydra-ecosystem/hydra/commit/4… | patch |
| https://pypi.org/project/hydra-ray-launcher/1.2.2/ | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hydra-ray-la… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hydra-ecosystem | hydra-ray-launcher |
Affected:
1.1.0.dev1 , < 1.2.2
(custom)
Affected: 1.4.0.dev4 , < 1.4.0rc2 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-10-21 12:27
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CVE-2026-114660 (GCVE-0-2026-114660)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 01:43 – Updated: 2026-10-22 01:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grav 2.0.0 before 2.2.5 Unauthorized Page Deletion via Flex Form Directives
Summary
Grav from 2.0.0 before 2.2.5 contains an improper access control vulnerability in FlexDirectory::dynamicFlexField() that allows page authors to call arbitrary Flex object methods via flex-*@ directives in page frontmatter. When a user with page edit rights opens the page, directives calling setStorageKey() and delete() run in their session, deleting protected pages neither account may delete.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-2.0.0-b… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-114508 (GCVE-0-2026-114508)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 21:45 – Updated: 2026-10-23 21:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Laravel relationship inclusion can trigger unauthorized data destruction
Summary
Laravel is a web application framework. From 12.45.0 until 12.68.0 and 13.27.0, crafted relationship inclusion on a read-only endpoint can trigger a destructive database operation on a related table instead of retrieving data. A user with read access but no write permission can empty related-table data, causing irreversible data loss, denial of service, and loss of data integrity. This issue is fixed in versions 12.68.0 and 13.27.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-23 17:32 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/61322 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/pull/61323 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/50a79… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/commit/b89f2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/laravel/framework/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-112145 (GCVE-0-2026-112145)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 13:45 – Updated: 2026-10-22 02:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
speaches-ai speaches Pyannote Diarization Model Loading pyannote_diarization.py PyannoteDiarizationModelManager._load_fn externally-controlled input to select classes or code
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in speaches-ai speaches up to 0.9.0-rc.3. This vulnerability affects the function PyannoteDiarizationModelManager._load_fn of the file src/speaches/executors/pyannote_diarization.py of the component Pyannote Diarization Model Loading. The manipulation of the argument model leads to use of externally-controlled input to select classes or code. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The feature was introduced in PR #628 (feat/switch to pyannote audio), merged as commit 870e1e16a73452496e99d49f759eabd692a8e0e0. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-22 02:42 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422250 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422250/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112145 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1013214 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/speaches-ai/speaches/issues/679 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3302860… | exploit |
| https://github.com/speaches-ai/speaches/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| speaches-ai | speaches |
Affected:
0.9.0-rc.0
Affected: 0.9.0-rc.1 Affected: 0.9.0-rc.2 Affected: 0.9.0-rc.3 cpe:2.3:a:speaches-ai:speaches:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-112075 (GCVE-0-2026-112075)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 03:45 – Updated: 2026-10-19 16:36 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
unslothai unsloth sentence_transformer.py externally-controlled input to select classes or code
Summary
A weakness has been identified in unslothai unsloth up to 0.1.501-beta. This affects the function FastSentenceTransformer._is_transformer_module_ref of the file unsloth/models/sentence_transformer.py. This manipulation of the argument Type causes use of externally-controlled input to select classes or code. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 0.1.902-beta is able to mitigate this issue. Patch name: de801746386a53a0cb26216e715a0af863b76ad9. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 15:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421754 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421754/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112075 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1009576 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/issues/12419 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/pull/11560 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/3290831… | exploit |
| https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/commit/de801… | patch |
| https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/releases/tag… | patch |
| https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-111851 (GCVE-0-2026-111851)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 08:00 – Updated: 2026-10-22 10:56 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WordPress Royal Elementor Addons plugin <= 1.7.1068 - Arbitrary Code Execution vulnerability
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in WProyal Royal Elementor Addons royal-elementor-addons allows Code Injection.This issue affects Royal Elementor Addons: from n/a through 1.7.1068.
Severity
7.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-22 10:48 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WProyal | Royal Elementor Addons |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 1.7.1068
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-10-20 07:22
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CVE-2026-111440 (GCVE-0-2026-111440)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 03:55 – Updated: 2026-10-19 17:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
JDBC LogFactory 任意类加载/构造导致潜在 RCE
Summary
在 openGauss-connector-jdbc 的 pgjdbc/src/main/java/org/postgresql/log/LogFactory.java 中，LogFactory 根据 JDBC 连接参数中的 logger 类名调用 Class.forName 加载类后，直接反射调用以 String 为参数的构造函数，再转换为 Log。缺少 asSubclass(Log.class) 校验，非 Log 实现类也会在类型检查前被实例化。因此，当攻击者可控制 JDBC URL 或连接属性中的 logger 类名，且客户端 classpath 中存在可被加载的类时，可能在客户端触发非预期的类加载与构造副作用。
此漏洞自 JDBC 1.1.0引入，影响 1.1.0 及之后的 2.x、3.x、5.x、6.x 各版本及补丁（含 6.0.0 分支最新 6.0.6），以及 7.0.0-RC1、7.0.0-RC2、7.0.0-RC3，并在 7.0.0-LTS 版本修复。修复在 Class.forName 之后先执行 asSubclass(Log.class)，仅允许 Log 子类进入构造。修复pr见https://gitcode.com/opengauss/openGauss-connector-jdbc/pull/423。
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-19 17:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled input to select classes or code ('unsafe reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| openGauss-server | openGauss-connector-jdbc |
Unaffected:
7.0.0-LTS
Affected: 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.1.0 Affected: 2.0.0, 2.1.0 Affected: 3.0.0-3.0.5 Affected: 3.1.0-3.1.1 Affected: 5.0.0-5.0.3 Affected: 5.1.0 Affected: 5.0.0-RC1 Affected: 6.0.0-RC1 Affected: 6.0.0-6.0.6 Affected: 7.0.0-RC1, 7.0.0-RC2, 7.0.0-RC3 |
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CVE-2026-106510 (GCVE-0-2026-106510)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 14:36 – Updated: 2026-10-07 17:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Backstage: Remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in TechDocs mkdocs.yml
Summary
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package is affected by remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in techdocs mkdocs.yml. An authenticated user who can register catalog entities can provide a crafted mkdocs.yml causing arbitrary OS command execution on the TechDocs build host when the docs are built. This issue is fixed in versions 1.14.6 and 1.15.4.
Severity
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 17:13 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/02c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/a90… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| backstage | backstage |
Affected:
< 1.50.5
Affected: >= 1.51.0-next.0, < 1.54.6 |
|
| @backstage | plugin-techdocs-node |
Affected:
< 1.14.6
Affected: >= 1.15.0, < 1.15.4 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-106510",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-10-07T17:13:13.346488Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T17:15:43.410Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "backstage",
"vendor": "backstage",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.50.5"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.51.0-next.0, \u003c 1.54.6"
}
]
},
{
"product": "plugin-techdocs-node",
"vendor": "@backstage",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 1.14.6"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 1.15.0, \u003c 1.15.4"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package is affected by remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in techdocs mkdocs.yml. An authenticated user who can register catalog entities can provide a crafted mkdocs.yml causing arbitrary OS command execution on the TechDocs build host when the docs are built. This issue is fixed in versions 1.14.6 and 1.15.4."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 7.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-183",
"description": "CWE-183: Permissive List of Allowed Inputs",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-470",
"description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T14:36:53.929Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/advisories/GHSA-4488-j8vj-vqqv",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/security/advisories/GHSA-4488-j8vj-vqqv"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/02cd7cdbb18b687446277b5602adaee7f1d53cbb",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/02cd7cdbb18b687446277b5602adaee7f1d53cbb"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/a900a9953c8f7ad3ba1906d1d257725a9996cc9d",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/commit/a900a9953c8f7ad3ba1906d1d257725a9996cc9d"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.50.5",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.50.5"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.54.6",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/backstage/backstage/releases/tag/v1.54.6"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-4488-j8vj-vqqv",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Backstage: Remote code execution via crafted markdown_extensions in TechDocs mkdocs.yml"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-106510",
"datePublished": "2026-10-07T14:36:53.929Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-06T18:46:47.767Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-07T17:15:43.410Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation
Implementation
Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection
An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.