Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-470
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.
111 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-55153 (GCVE-0-2026-55153)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 20:02 – Updated: 2026-07-06 14:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mchange-commons-java contains elements susceptible to abuse via JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets"
Summary
mchange-commons-java is a Java library of shared utility classes used by mchange projects like the c3p0 connection pool. Prior to version 0.6.0, its JNDI ObjectFactory implementation (com.mchange.v2.naming.JavaBeanObjectFactory) will construct objects of arbitrary classes and initialize "JavaBean"-style properties, which for certain classes enables JNDI injection and "deserialization gadgets." Such initialization is unsafe for some classes: for example, setting the contentType property of a Swing JEditorPane to text/html and its text property to HTML containing a stylesheet <link> will provoke an HTTP GET on an arbitrary URL, potentially from within a trusted security domain. The problem is aggravated by the library's ReferenceIndirector, through which malicious JNDI Reference objects can be smuggled in for dereferencing wherever an application reads a Java-serialized object. This has been resolved in version 0.6.0.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/swaldman/mchange-commons-java/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| swaldman | mchange-commons-java |
Affected:
< 0.6.0
|
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CVE-2026-49287 (GCVE-0-2026-49287)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-19 17:36 – Updated: 2026-06-22 14:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Statamic CMS vulnerable to unsafe method invocation via collection sorting allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to 5.73.23 and 6.20.0, the fix for CVE-2026-41175 was incomplete. It addressed the issue in the query builder, but the same protection was not applied to in-memory collection sorting. Manipulating sort parameters could result in the loss of content and assets. This requires a front-end template that passes request input into a tag's sort parameter. It is not exploitable by default — a template would need to be explicitly set up to sort by a visitor-controlled value. This has been fixed in 5.73.23 and 6.20.0.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-48817 (GCVE-0-2026-48817)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Starlette: Arbitrary HTTP method dispatched to `HTTPEndpoint` attributes via `getattr`
Summary
Starlette is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit. In versions 1.0.1 and below, when dispatching a request, HTTPEndpoint selects the handler by lowercasing the HTTP method and looking it up as an attribute with getattr, without restricting the lookup to a known set of HTTP verbs. When an HTTPEndpoint subclass is registered through Route(...) without an explicit methods= argument, the route does not constrain the method and every method reaches the endpoint. If a non-standard HTTP method whose lowercased name matches an attribute on the endpoint subclass reaches the endpoint, that attribute is invoked as if it were a request handler. An attacker can use this to reach methods that were never meant to be HTTP handlers, such as internal helpers, without the authorization checks applied by the intended public handler. An application (including Starlette-based frameworks like FastAPI) is affected if it registers an HTTPEndpoint subclass via Route(...) without explicitly setting methods=, and that subclass includes extra methods named like non-standard HTTP verbs that take one request argument and return a response. This issue has been fixed in version 1.1.0.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Kludex/starlette/releases/tag/1.1.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-48517 (GCVE-0-2026-48517)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:03 – Updated: 2026-06-25 15:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Typeless deserialization type restrictions do not recurse into arrays or generic arguments
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePack-CSharp's typeless deserialization includes MessagePackSerializerOptions.ThrowIfDeserializingTypeIsDisallowed(Type) as a safety check for dangerous types. The default implementation checks the outer type name, but it does not recursively inspect array element types or generic type arguments. As a result, a type that would be blocked directly can be wrapped inside an array or constructed generic type and pass the outer type check. The formatter machinery can then materialize formatters for the inner blocked type. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
>= 3.0, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-48502 (GCVE-0-2026-48502)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:18 – Updated: 2026-06-23 15:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MessagePack-CSharp: Denial of service vulnerabilities can swamp the CPU or crash the process with stack and heap overflows
Summary
MessagePack for C# is a MessagePack serializer for C#. Prior to 2.5.301 and 3.1.7, MessagePackReader.ReadDateTime() can allocate stack memory based on an attacker-controlled MessagePack extension length. In the slow path for timestamp extension parsing, the computed tokenSize includes the extension body length from the wire and is used in a stackalloc operation before the extension length is validated as one of the valid timestamp sizes. A very small payload can claim a large timestamp extension body and cause a stack allocation large enough to trigger an uncatchable StackOverflowException, terminating the host process. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.5.301 and 3.1.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-125 - Out-of-bounds Read
- CWE-190 - Integer Overflow or Wraparound
- CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
- CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
- CWE-502 - Deserialization of Untrusted Data
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
- CWE-789 - Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
- CWE-1188 - Insecure Default Initialization of Resource
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MessagePack-CSharp/MessagePack… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MessagePack-CSharp | MessagePack-CSharp |
Affected:
>= 3.1.7, < 3.1.7
Affected: < 2.5.301 |
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CVE-2026-46718 (GCVE-0-2026-46718)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 09:17 – Updated: 2026-06-02 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Calcite: A user-controled model can load arbitrary classes, leading to code execution
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Apache Calcite.
This issue affects Apache Calcite: from 1.5.0 before 1.42.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.42, which fixes the issue.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Calcite |
Affected:
1.5.0 , < 1.42
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-44795 (GCVE-0-2026-44795)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 21:49 – Updated: 2026-07-15 03:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Spinnaker: Non-safe yaml deserialization allowing RCE when using specific types
Summary
Spinnaker is an open source, multi-cloud continuous delivery platform. Prior to 2026.1.0, 2026.0.3, 2025.4.4, and 2025.3.3, unsafe YAML processing bypasses safe deserialization when using CloudFormation deployments or CloudFoundry baking. The use of a non-safe constructor allows arbitrary loading of Java classes, leading to remote code execution. This issue is fixed in versions 2026.1.0, 2026.0.3, 2025.4.4, and 2025.3.3.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/spinnaker/spinnaker/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/spinnaker/spinnaker/commit/4cb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/spinnaker/spinnaker/commit/e57… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/spinnaker/spinnaker/commit/f69… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-44339 (GCVE-0-2026-44339)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:37 – Updated: 2026-05-08 21:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
PraisonAI has unsafe tool resolution in `ToolExecutionMixin.execute_tool`: undeclared `__main__` callables execute
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37, praisonaiagents resolves unresolved tool names against module globals and __main__ after it fails to match the declared tool list and the registry. With the default agent configuration, _perm_allow is None, so undeclared non-dangerous tool names are not rejected by the permission gate. An attacker who can influence tool-call names can therefore invoke unintended application callables that were never declared as tools. This issue has been patched in praisonai version 4.6.37 and praisonaiagents version 1.6.37.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
praisonaiagents < 1.6.37
Affected: praisonai < 4.6.37 |
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CVE-2026-42027 (GCVE-0-2026-42027)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-04 16:43 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache OpenNLP: Arbitrary Class Instantiation via Model Manifest in ExtensionLoader
Summary
Arbitrary Class Instantiation via Model Manifest in Apache OpenNLP ExtensionLoader
Versions Affected: before 1.9.5, before 2.5.9, before 3.0.0-M3
Description:
The ExtensionLoader.instantiateExtension(Class, String) method loads a class by its fully-qualified name via Class.forName() and invokes its no-arg constructor, with the class name sourced from the manifest.properties entry of a model archive. The existing isAssignableFrom check correctly rejects classes that are not subtypes of the expected extension interface (BaseToolFactory for factory=, ArtifactSerializer for serializer-class-*), but the check runs after Class.forName() has already loaded and initialized the named class.
Class.forName() with default initialization semantics executes the target class's static initializer before returning, so an attacker who can supply a crafted model archive can cause the static initializer of any class on the classpath to run during model loading, regardless of whether that class passes the subsequent type check.
Exploitation requires a class with attacker-useful side effects in its static initializer (for example, JNDI lookup, outbound network I/O, or filesystem access) to be present on the classpath, so this is not a drop-in remote code execution; however, the attack surface grows as third-party model distribution becomes more common (community model repositories, Hugging Face-style sharing), where users routinely load model files from origins they do not control. A secondary, narrower vector affects deployments that ship legitimate BaseToolFactory or ArtifactSerializer subclasses with side-effecting no-arg constructors: a malicious manifest can name such a class and force its constructor to run during model load.
Mitigation:
* 2.x users should upgrade to 2.5.9.
* 3.x users should upgrade to 3.0.0-M3.
Note: The fix introduces a package-prefix allowlist that is consulted before Class.forName() is invoked, so the static initializer of a disallowed class is never executed. Classes under the opennlp. prefix remain permitted by default. Deployments that load models referencing factories or serializers outside opennlp.* must opt those packages in, either programmatically via ExtensionLoader.registerAllowedPackage(String) before the first model load, or by setting the OPENNLP_EXT_ALLOWED_PACKAGES system property to a comma-separated list of allowed package prefixes.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should ensure that all model files are sourced from trusted origins and should audit their classpath for classes with side-effecting static initializers or constructors, particularly any that perform JNDI lookups, network requests, or filesystem operations during class initialization.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/ltlo4powjfc0w2w2y… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-42027 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2466527 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache OpenNLP |
Affected:
2.0 , < 2.5.9
(semver)
Affected: 3.0.0-M1 , < 3.0.0-M3 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 1.9.5 (semver) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_spring_boot:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Data Grid 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_data_grid:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
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CVE-2026-41175 (GCVE-0-2026-41175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 21:25 – Updated: 2026-04-23 13:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Statamic: Unsafe method invocation via query value resolution allows data destruction
Summary
Statamic is a Laravel and Git powered content management system (CMS). Prior to versions 5.73.20 and 6.13.0, manipulating query parameters on Control Panel and REST API endpoints, or arguments in GraphQL queries, could result in the loss of content, assets, and user accounts. The Control Panel requires authentication with minimal permissions in order to exploit. e.g. "view entries" permission to delete entries, or "view users" permission to delete users, etc. The REST and GraphQL API exploits do not require any permissions, however neither are enabled by default. In order to be exploited, they would need to be explicitly enabled with no authentication configured, and the specific resources enabled too. Sites that enable the REST or GraphQL API without authentication should treat patching as critical priority. This has been fixed in 5.73.20 and 6.13.0.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
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"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-470",
"description": "CWE-470: Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code (\u0027Unsafe Reflection\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T21:25:49.585Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-4jjr-vmv7-wh4w",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/statamic/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-4jjr-vmv7-wh4w"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-4jjr-vmv7-wh4w",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Statamic: Unsafe method invocation via query value resolution allows data destruction"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-41175",
"datePublished": "2026-04-22T21:25:49.585Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-17T16:34:45.526Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-23T13:56:09.912Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.
Mitigation
Implementation
Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.
CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection
An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.