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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-470

Allowed

Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses external input with reflection to select which classes or code to use, but it does not sufficiently prevent the input from selecting improper classes or code.

164 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-14380 (GCVE-0-2026-14380)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 22:04 – Updated: 2026-08-31 10:12
VLAI
Title
DBI versions before 1.650 for Perl are vulnerable to code injection via caller-influenced Profile
Summary
DBI versions before 1.650 for Perl are vulnerable to code injection via caller-influenced Profile. When a string is assigned to a DBI handle's Profile attribute, DBI splits it into path, package and arguments, and interpolates the package part in a string eval with no validation of the package name. Any caller-influenced value that reaches the Profile attribute is therefore arbitrary Perl code execution, including calls to run system commands. The Profile attribute can be set from three different sources that can carry untrusted data: the DBI_PROFILE environment variable, a direct attribute assignment, and a DSN driver-attribute clause dbi:Driver(Profile=>SPEC):db. An attacker controlling any of those inputs runs arbitrary Perl in the host process. The strongest remote position is a network-exposed DBI::Gofer / DBI::ProxyServer whose per-request DSN reaches the Profile attribute, letting a client execute code on the broker host.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 13:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code (Eval Injection)
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 1.650 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-13772 (GCVE-0-2026-13772)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-30 19:21 – Updated: 2026-07-03 03:56
VLAI
Title
IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale's OQL is affected by remote code execution
Summary
IBM WebSphere Extreme Scale 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.6 's Object Query Language engine resolves attacker-supplied class names via Class.forName() and invokes their constructors with no allow-list at three distinct sinks (SELECT NEW, enum literals, and reflection-based comparators); an authenticated remote attacker who can influence an application-built OQL query string can execute arbitrary constructors on the WAS JVM, and a SELECT DISTINCT variant using planted grid values fires the same gadget post-readObject in a manner that survives JEP-290 serialization filters across grid node boundaries
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-02 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7278593 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM WebSphere Extreme Scale Affected: 8.6.1.0 , ≤ 8.6.1.6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_extreme_scale:8.6.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_extreme_scale:8.6.1.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-13187 (GCVE-0-2026-13187)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-22 13:40 – Updated: 2026-07-24 03:56
VLAI
Title
DialogHandler Provider Type Tampering Vulnerability in Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX
Summary
In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to v2026.2.708, DialogHandler provider type input may be tampered with, potentially altering dialog processing and enabling chained exploitation.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress Software Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX Affected: 2011.2.712 , < 2026.2.708 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-13181 (GCVE-0-2026-13181)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-22 13:33 – Updated: 2026-07-24 03:55
VLAI
Title
RadAsyncUpload AsyncUploadTypeName Type Resolution Vulnerability in Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX
Summary
In Progress® Telerik® UI for AJAX prior to v2026.2.708, forged upload metadata can influence AsyncUploadTypeName processing and trigger unsafe attacker-controlled type resolution, enabling remote code execution in affected deployments.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-23 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Progress Software Telerik UI for ASP.NET AJAX Affected: 2010.1.309 , < 2026.2.708 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-13051 (GCVE-0-2026-13051)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:28 – Updated: 2026-08-14 17:47
VLAI
Title
Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template
Summary
Form::Processor::Field::HtmlArea versions from 0.06 through 1.162360 for Perl allow attacker selected method dispatch and resource exhaustion via an HTML::Tidy diagnostic that validate passes to add_error as a Locale::Maketext template. validate runs HTML::Tidy over the submitted markup and passes each resulting message to add_error as its first argument, which add_error hands to the language handle as the Locale::Maketext message key. The default handle's lexicon sets `_AUTO`, so a message that is not a lexicon entry is compiled as a bracket notation template instead of being looked up. Tidy diagnostics quote the offending attribute name or value, so a bracket group in the submitted markup reaches the template position, where the first token of the group names a method called on the language handle and the remaining tokens are its arguments. A group such as `[0]` makes the compile croak, and neither the field nor the handle catches it, so the exception leaves validate. `[sprintf,%2000000000d,7]` reaches CORE::sprintf with an attacker chosen field width. One submission of crafted markup to an HtmlArea field throws an unhandled exception out of form validation or allocates an arbitrary amount of memory, and an application whose language handle subclass defines side effecting public methods makes those callable with attacker chosen arguments. The other field types pass fixed templates with the submitted value in an argument slot, where it stays inert, and are unaffected.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 17:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1336 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0.06 , ≤ 1.162360 (custom)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-8400 (GCVE-0-2026-8400)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 15:58 – Updated: 2026-08-06 03:55
VLAI
Title
Multiple Vulnerabilities in IBM® Java SDK affect IBM WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Application Server Liberty due to the July 2026 CPU
Summary
IBM WebSphere Application Server 8.5, and 9.0 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty Continuous delivery has a flaw in the ORB component in IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition, may allow a malicious IIOP server to induce loading and instantation of arbitrary classes.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7282446 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM WebSphere Application Server Affected: 8.5
Affected: 9.0
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:8.5.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server:9.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty Affected: Continuous delivery
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server_liberty:continuous:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-8178 (GCVE-0-2026-8178)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 18:36 – Updated: 2026-05-08 20:06
VLAI
Title
Remote Code Execution via Unsafe Class Loading in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver
Summary
An issue exists in Amazon Redshift JDBC Driver versions prior to 2.2.2. Under certain conditions, the driver could load and execute arbitrary classes when processing JDBC connection URL parameters. An actor who can influence the connection URL could potentially execute code in the application context, provided a suitable class is available on the application's classpath. To mitigate this issue, users should upgrade to version 2.2.2 or later.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-08 20:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-6020 (GCVE-0-2026-6020)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 07:39 – Updated: 2026-08-05 14:17
VLAI
Title
ShopLentor <= 3.3.7 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Arbitrary Function Execution via 'callback' Parameter via REST API
Summary
The ShopLentor plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary function execution via the woolentoropt/v1/custom-action REST API endpoint in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.7. This is due to the handle_action() method passing user-supplied input directly to call_user_func() without an allowlist of permitted callbacks. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to execute arbitrary PHP callable functions via the 'callback' parameter.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 14:17 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-68455 (GCVE-0-2025-68455)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-05 21:59 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:04
VLAI
Title
Craft CMS vulnerable to potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior
Summary
Craft is a platform for creating digital experiences. Versions 5.0.0-RC1 through 5.8.20 and 4.0.0-RC1 through 4.16.16 are vulnerable to potential authenticated Remote Code Execution via malicious attached Behavior. Note that attackers must have administrator access to the Craft Control Panel for this to work. Users should update to the patched versions (5.8.21 and 4.16.17) to mitigate the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-06 14:26 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
craftcms cms Affected: >= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.8.21
Affected: >= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.16.17
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61925 (GCVE-0-2025-61925)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-10 19:34 – Updated: 2025-10-10 20:01
VLAI
Title
Astro's `X-Forwarded-Host` is reflected with no validation
Summary
Astro is a web framework. Prior to version 5.14.2, Astro reflects the value in `X-Forwarded-Host` in output when using `Astro.url` without any validation. It is common for web servers such as nginx to route requests via the `Host` header, and forward on other request headers. As such as malicious request can be sent with both a `Host` header and an `X-Forwarded-Host` header where the values do not match and the `X-Forwarded-Host` header is malicious. Astro will then return the malicious value. This could result in any usages of the `Astro.url` value in code being manipulated by a request. For example if a user follows guidance and uses `Astro.url` for a canonical link the canonical link can be manipulated to another site. It is theoretically possible that the value could also be used as a login/registration or other form URL as well, resulting in potential redirecting of login credentials to a malicious party. As this is a per-request attack vector the surface area would only be to the malicious user until one considers that having a caching proxy is a common setup, in which case any page which is cached could persist the malicious value for subsequent users. Many other frameworks have an allowlist of domains to validate against, or do not have a case where the headers are reflected to avoid such issues. This could affect anyone using Astro in an on-demand/dynamic rendering mode behind a caching proxy. Version 5.14.2 contains a fix for the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-10 20:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-470 - Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
withastro astro Affected: < 5.14.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/Chisnet/minimal_dynamic_astro_server"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-5ff5-9fcw-vg88",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "Astro\u0027s `X-Forwarded-Host` is reflected with no validation"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-61925",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-10T19:34:05.142Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-10-03T22:21:59.616Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-10-10T20:01:06.836Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Refactor your code to avoid using reflection.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use user-controlled inputs to select and load classes or code.

Mitigation
Implementation

Apply strict input validation by using allowlists or indirect selection to ensure that the user is only selecting allowable classes or code.

CAPEC-138: Reflection Injection

An adversary supplies a value to the target application which is then used by reflection methods to identify a class, method, or field. For example, in the Java programming language the reflection libraries permit an application to inspect, load, and invoke classes and their components by name. If an adversary can control the input into these methods including the name of the class/method/field or the parameters passed to methods, they can cause the targeted application to invoke incorrect methods, read random fields, or even to load and utilize malicious classes that the adversary created. This can lead to the application revealing sensitive information, returning incorrect results, or even having the adversary take control of the targeted application.