Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-403
AllowedExposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere ('File Descriptor Leak')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
A process does not close sensitive file descriptors before invoking a child process, which allows the child to perform unauthorized I/O operations using those descriptors.
10 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-40042 (GCVE-0-2026-40042)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-13 18:10 – Updated: 2026-05-12 01:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pachno 1.0.6 Wiki TextParser XML External Entity Injection
Summary
Pachno 1.0.6 contains an XML external entity injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting unsafe XML parsing in the TextParser helper. Attackers can inject malicious XML entities through wiki table syntax and inline tags in issue descriptions, comments, and wiki articles to trigger entity resolution via simplexml_load_string() without LIBXML_NONET restrictions.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-403 - Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere ('File Descriptor Leak')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pachno-wiki-… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2026-04-12 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-15114 (GCVE-0-2025-15114)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 22:41 – Updated: 2026-03-11 19:29 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ksenia Security lares Home Automation 1.6 PIN Exposure Vulnerability
Summary
Ksenia Security lares (legacy model) Home Automation version 1.6 contains a critical security flaw that exposes the alarm system PIN in the 'basisInfo' XML file after authentication. Attackers can retrieve the PIN from the server response to bypass security measures and disable the alarm system without additional authentication.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-403 - Exposure of file descriptor to unintended control sphere ('file descriptor leak')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | technical-descriptionexploit |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ksenia-secur… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ksenia Security S.p.A. | lares |
Affected:
1.6
Affected: 1.0.0.15 |
Date Public
2025-03-31 00:00
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CVE-2024-58280 (GCVE-0-2024-58280)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-10 21:13 – Updated: 2026-04-07 14:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CMSimple 5.15 Remote Command Execution via Extensions Configuration
Summary
CMSimple 5.15 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to modify file extensions and upload malicious PHP files. Attackers can append ',php' to Extensions_userfiles and upload a shell script to the media directory to execute arbitrary code on the server.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-403 - Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere ('File Descriptor Leak')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52040 | exploit |
| https://www.cmsimple.org | product |
| https://www.cmsimple.org/downloads_cmsimple50/CMS… | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cmsimple-rem… | third-party-advisory |
Date Public
2024-06-03 00:00
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CVE-2024-21626 (GCVE-0-2024-21626)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-31 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
runc container breakout through process.cwd trickery and leaked fds
Summary
runc is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers on Linux according to the OCI specification. In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, due to an internal file descriptor leak, an attacker could cause a newly-spawned container process (from runc exec) to have a working directory in the host filesystem namespace, allowing for a container escape by giving access to the host filesystem ("attack 2"). The same attack could be used by a malicious image to allow a container process to gain access to the host filesystem through runc run ("attack 1"). Variants of attacks 1 and 2 could be also be used to overwrite semi-arbitrary host binaries, allowing for complete container escapes ("attack 3a" and "attack 3b"). runc 1.1.12 includes patches for this issue.
Severity
8.6 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
40 references
Impacted products
40 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| opencontainers | runc |
Affected:
>=v1.0.0-rc93, < 1.1.12
|
|
| Red Hat | OCP-Tools-4.15-RHEL-8 |
Unaffected:
0:2.440.3.1718879390-3.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ocp_tools:4.15::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | OCP-Tools-4.15-RHEL-8 |
Unaffected:
0:4.15.1718879538-1.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:ocp_tools:4.15::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extras |
Unaffected:
0:1.0.0-70.rc10.el7_9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_extras_other:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extras |
Unaffected:
2:1.13.1-210.git7d71120.el7_9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_extras_other:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
8090020240201111813.d7b6f4b7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
8090020240201111839.d7b6f4b7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support |
Unaffected:
8020020240206120705.28c38760 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
8020020240206120705.28c38760 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
8020020240206120705.28c38760 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
8040020240207051234.c0c392d5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
8040020240207051234.c0c392d5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
8040020240207051234.c0c392d5 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
8060020240205133014.3b538bd8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
8060020240206151655.3b538bd8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
8080020240206143933.0f77c1b7 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
4:1.1.12-1.el9_3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
4:1.1.12-1.el9_0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
4:1.1.12-1.el9_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.11 |
Unaffected:
3:1.1.2-3.1.rhaos4.11.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.11::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 |
Unaffected:
3:1.1.6-5.1.rhaos4.12.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.12::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12 |
Unaffected:
v4.12.0-202503030130.p0.g7c2a284.assembly.stream.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.12::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 |
Unaffected:
4:1.1.12-1.rhaos4.13.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13 |
Unaffected:
v4.13.0-202503111300.p0.gb379980.assembly.stream.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.13::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 |
Unaffected:
4:1.1.12-1.rhaos4.14.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 |
Unaffected:
v4.14.0-202503060906.p0.gb03f3f5.assembly.stream.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14 |
Unaffected:
0:4.14.42-202411280904.p0.gcf4d04f.assembly.4.14.42.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.14::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 |
Unaffected:
v4.15.0-202502171304.p0.gb74eb6d.assembly.stream.el8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15 |
Unaffected:
0:4.15.41-202412091343.p0.gcf9680e.assembly.4.15.41.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.15::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 |
Unaffected:
0:4.16.24-202411220522.p0.gcc4fedc.assembly.4.16.24.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16 |
Unaffected:
v4.16.0-202501160405.p0.g300d9ad.assembly.stream.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.16::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 |
Unaffected:
0:4.17.7-202411280904.p0.g129334d.assembly.4.17.7.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.17::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17 |
Unaffected:
v4.17.0-202501052337.p0.gbb33e13.assembly.stream.el9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.17::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Developer Tools and Services |
cpe:/a:redhat:ocp_tools |
|
| Red Hat | Power monitoring for Red Hat OpenShift |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_power_monitoring |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Virtualization 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:container_native_virtualization:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Quay 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:quay:3 |
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},
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],
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{
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"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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},
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"packageName": "microshift",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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"cpes": [
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"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
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"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
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"status": "unaffected",
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"vendor": "Red Hat",
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"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0755"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0670"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:1270: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extras"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0717: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extras"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:4597: OpenShift Developer Tools and Services for OCP 4.15"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0684: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.11"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2025:2441: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0666: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.12"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2025:2701: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0662: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.13"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2025:2710: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0645: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2025:1711: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:10525: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.14"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:10841: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.15"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:10149: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2025:0650: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.16"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:10520: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2025:0115: Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.17"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0758: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v. 8.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v. 8.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v. 8.2)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0760: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream AUS (v.8.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream E4S (v.8.4), Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream TUS (v.8.4)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0757: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.6)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0764: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.6)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0759: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.8.8)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0748: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0752: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 8)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0756: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.0)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0755: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream EUS (v.9.2)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "RHSA-2024:0670: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9)"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-01-17T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2024-01-31T20:01:00.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "runc: file descriptor leak",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and OpenShift ships with SELinux in targeted enforcing mode, which prevents the container processes from accessing host content and mitigates this attack. Dockerfiles can be inspected on the \u0027RUN\u0027\u00a0and \u0027WORKDIR\u0027 directives to ensure that there are no escapes or malicious paths, which are an indication of compromise. Limiting access and only using trusted container images can help prevent unauthorized access and malicious attacks."
}
],
"x_adpType": "supplier",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
}
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "runc",
"vendor": "opencontainers",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e=v1.0.0-rc93, \u003c 1.1.12"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "runc is a CLI tool for spawning and running containers on Linux according to the OCI specification. In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, due to an internal file descriptor leak, an attacker could cause a newly-spawned container process (from runc exec) to have a working directory in the host filesystem namespace, allowing for a container escape by giving access to the host filesystem (\"attack 2\"). The same attack could be used by a malicious image to allow a container process to gain access to the host filesystem through runc run (\"attack 1\"). Variants of attacks 1 and 2 could be also be used to overwrite semi-arbitrary host binaries, allowing for complete container escapes (\"attack 3a\" and \"attack 3b\"). runc 1.1.12 includes patches for this issue."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-403",
"description": "CWE-403: Exposure of File Descriptor to Unintended Control Sphere (\u0027File Descriptor Leak\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-668",
"description": "CWE-668: Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-02-19T03:06:14.739Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-xr7r-f8xq-vfvv",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-xr7r-f8xq-vfvv"
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{
"name": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/02120488a4c0fc487d1ed2867e901eeed7ce8ecf",
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"x_refsource_MISC"
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{
"name": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.1.12",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.1.12"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/01/1"
},
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/02/3"
},
{
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176993/runc-1.1.11-File-Descriptor-Leak-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYMO3BANINS6RGFQFKPRG4FIOJ7GWYTL/"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2NLXNE23Q5ESQUAI22Z7A63JX2WMPJ2J/"
},
{
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/02/msg00005.html"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xr7r-f8xq-vfvv",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "runc container breakout through process.cwd trickery and leaked fds"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-21626",
"datePublished": "2024-01-31T21:31:14.391Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-12-29T03:00:44.953Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T01:27:53.140Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}
GHSA-2XX6-2JH9-8WMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 15:33 – Updated: 2026-07-15 03:32
VLAI
Details
Sandbox escape in the Security: Process Sandboxing component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 152 and Firefox ESR 140.12.
Severity
9.6 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12296"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-403",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T13:16:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Sandbox escape in the Security: Process Sandboxing component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 152 and Firefox ESR 140.12.",
"id": "GHSA-2xx6-2jh9-8wmx",
"modified": "2026-07-15T03:32:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T15:33:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-61"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-60"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-58"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-12296.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2489232"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2040515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-12296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39142"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39011"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38753"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38751"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38506"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36103"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36102"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:29940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27733"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27717"
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],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
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"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-5J7X-7MP7-C5XC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-13 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-13 21:30
VLAI
Details
Pachno 1.0.6 contains an XML external entity injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting unsafe XML parsing in the TextParser helper. Attackers can inject malicious XML entities through wiki table syntax and inline tags in issue descriptions, comments, and wiki articles to trigger entity resolution via simplexml_load_string() without LIBXML_NONET restrictions.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-40042"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-403"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T19:16:51Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Pachno 1.0.6 contains an XML external entity injection vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary files by exploiting unsafe XML parsing in the TextParser helper. Attackers can inject malicious XML entities through wiki table syntax and inline tags in issue descriptions, comments, and wiki articles to trigger entity resolution via simplexml_load_string() without LIBXML_NONET restrictions.",
"id": "GHSA-5j7x-7mp7-c5xc",
"modified": "2026-04-13T21:30:43Z",
"published": "2026-04-13T21:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40042"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pachno-wiki-textparser-xml-external-entity-injection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2026-5984.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-5XW5-83CP-4RJF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 00:31 – Updated: 2025-12-31 00:31
VLAI
Details
Ksenia Security Lares 4.0 Home Automation version 1.6 contains a critical security flaw that exposes the alarm system PIN in the 'basisInfo' XML file after authentication. Attackers can retrieve the PIN from the server response to bypass security measures and disable the alarm system without additional authentication.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15114"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-403",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T23:15:50Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Ksenia Security Lares 4.0 Home Automation version 1.6 contains a critical security flaw that exposes the alarm system PIN in the \u0027basisInfo\u0027 XML file after authentication. Attackers can retrieve the PIN from the server response to bypass security measures and disable the alarm system without additional authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-5xw5-83cp-4rjf",
"modified": "2025-12-31T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-12-31T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ksenia-security-lares-home-automation-pin-exposure-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2025-5929.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H3XJ-XC3C-CVPM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 15:31 – Updated: 2025-04-01 21:31
VLAI
Details
Leaking of file descriptors from the fork server to web content processes could allow for privilege escalation attacks. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 137 and Thunderbird < 137.
Severity
7.4 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3032"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-403"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T13:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Leaking of file descriptors from the fork server to web content processes could allow for privilege escalation attacks. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 137 and Thunderbird \u003c 137.",
"id": "GHSA-h3xj-xc3c-cvpm",
"modified": "2025-04-01T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T15:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3032"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1949987"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-20"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-23"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MC4P-3XCW-5F46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-31 18:30
VLAI
Details
CMSimple 5.15 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to modify file extensions and upload malicious PHP files. Attackers can append ',php' to Extensions_userfiles and upload a shell script to the media directory to execute arbitrary code on the server.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-58280"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-403"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T22:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "CMSimple 5.15 contains a remote command execution vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to modify file extensions and upload malicious PHP files. Attackers can append \u0027,php\u0027 to Extensions_userfiles and upload a shell script to the media directory to execute arbitrary code on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-mc4p-3xcw-5f46",
"modified": "2025-12-31T18:30:18Z",
"published": "2025-12-11T00:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-58280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cmsimple.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cmsimple.org/downloads_cmsimple50/CMSimple_5-15.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52040"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cmsimple-remote-command-execution-via-extensions-configuration"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XR7R-F8XQ-VFVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-31 22:44 – Updated: 2024-07-05 21:38
VLAI
Summary
runc vulnerable to container breakout through process.cwd trickery and leaked fds
Details
Impact
In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, due to an internal file descriptor leak, an attacker could cause a newly-spawned container process (from runc exec) to have a working directory in the host filesystem namespace, allowing for a container escape by giving access to the host filesystem ("attack 2"). The same attack could be used by a malicious image to allow a container process to gain access to the host filesystem through runc run ("attack 1"). Variants of attacks 1 and 2 could be also be used to overwrite semi-arbitrary host binaries, allowing for complete container escapes ("attack 3a" and "attack 3b").
Strictly speaking, while attack 3a is the most severe from a CVSS perspective, attacks 2 and 3b are arguably more dangerous in practice because they allow for a breakout from inside a container as opposed to requiring a user execute a malicious image. The reason attacks 1 and 3a are scored higher is because being able to socially engineer users is treated as a given for UI:R vectors, despite attacks 2 and 3b requiring far more minimal user interaction (just reasonable runc exec operations on a container the attacker has access to). In any case, all four attacks can lead to full control of the host system.
Attack 1: process.cwd "mis-configuration"
In runc 1.1.11 and earlier, several file descriptors were inadvertently leaked internally within runc into runc init, including a handle to the host's /sys/fs/cgroup (this leak was added in v1.0.0-rc93). If the container was configured to have process.cwd set to /proc/self/fd/7/ (the actual fd can change depending on file opening order in runc), the resulting pid1 process will have a working directory in the host mount namespace and thus the spawned process can access the entire host filesystem. This alone is not an exploit against runc, however a malicious image could make any innocuous-looking non-/ path a symlink to /proc/self/fd/7/ and thus trick a user into starting a container whose binary has access to the host filesystem.
Furthermore, prior to runc 1.1.12, runc also did not verify that the final working directory was inside the container's mount namespace after calling chdir(2) (as we have already joined the container namespace, it was incorrectly assumed there would be no way to chdir outside the container after pivot_root(2)).
The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N (8.2, high severity).
Note that this attack requires a privileged user to be tricked into running a malicious container image. It should be noted that when using higher-level runtimes (such as Docker or Kubernetes), this exploit can be considered critical as it can be done remotely by anyone with the rights to start a container image (and can be exploited from within Dockerfiles using ONBUILD in the case of Docker).
Attack 2: runc exec container breakout
(This is a modification of attack 1, constructed to allow for a process inside a container to break out.)
The same fd leak and lack of verification of the working directory in attack 1 also apply to runc exec. If a malicious process inside the container knows that some administrative process will call runc exec with the --cwd argument and a given path, in most cases they can replace that path with a symlink to /proc/self/fd/7/. Once the container process has executed the container binary, PR_SET_DUMPABLE protections no longer apply and the attacker can open /proc/$exec_pid/cwd to get access to the host filesystem.
runc exec defaults to a cwd of / (which cannot be replaced with a symlink), so this attack depends on the attacker getting a user (or some administrative process) to use --cwd and figuring out what path the target working directory is. Note that if the target working directory is a parent of the program binary being executed, the attacker might be unable to replace the path with a symlink (the execve will fail in most cases, unless the host filesystem layout specifically matches the container layout in specific ways and the attacker knows which binary the runc exec is executing).
The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N (7.2, high severity).
Attacks 3a and 3b: process.args host binary overwrite attack
(These are modifications of attacks 1 and 2, constructed to overwrite a host binary by using execve to bring a magic-link reference into the container.)
Attacks 1 and 2 can be adapted to overwrite a host binary by using a path like /proc/self/fd/7/../../../bin/bash as the process.args binary argument, causing a host binary to be executed by a container process. The /proc/$pid/exe handle can then be used to overwrite the host binary, as seen in CVE-2019-5736 (note that the same #! trick can be used to avoid detection as an attacker). As the overwritten binary could be something like /bin/bash, as soon as a privileged user executes the target binary on the host, the attacker can pivot to gain full access to the host.
For the purposes of CVSS scoring:
- Attack 3a is attack 1 but adapted to overwrite a host binary, where a malicious image is set up to execute
/proc/self/fd/7/../../../bin/bashand run a shell script that overwrites/proc/self/exe, overwriting the host copy of/bin/bash. The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.6, high severity). - Attack 3b is attack 2 but adapted to overwrite a host binary, where the malicious container process overwrites all of the possible
runc exectarget binaries inside the container (such as/bin/bash) such that a host target binary is executed and then the container process opens/proc/$pid/exeto get access to the host binary and overwrite it. The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.2, high severity).
As mentioned in attack 1, while 3b is scored lower it is more dangerous in practice as it doesn't require a user to run a malicious image.
Patches
runc 1.1.12 has been released, and includes patches for this issue. Note that there are four separate fixes applied:
- Checking that the working directory is actually inside the container by checking whether
os.GetwdreturnsENOENT(Linux provides a way of detecting if cwd is outside the current namespace root). This explicitly blocks runc from executing a container process when inside a non-container path and thus eliminates attacks 1 and 2 even in the case of fd leaks. - Close all internal runc file descriptors in the final stage of
runc init, right beforeexecve. This ensures that internal file descriptors cannot be used as an argument toexecveand thus eliminates attacks 3a and 3b, even in the case of fd leaks. This requires hooking into some Go runtime internals to make sure we don't close critical Go internal file descriptors. - Fixing the specific fd leaks that made these bug exploitable (mark
/sys/fs/cgroupasO_CLOEXECand backport a fix for some*os.Fileleaks). - In order to protect against future
runc initfile descriptor leaks, mark all non-stdio files asO_CLOEXECbefore executingrunc init.
Other Runtimes
We have discovered that several other container runtimes are either potentially vulnerable to similar attacks, or do not have sufficient protection against attacks of this nature. We recommend other container runtime authors look at our patches and make sure they at least add a getcwd() != ENOENT check as well as consider whether close_range(3, UINT_MAX, CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC) before executing their equivalent of runc init is appropriate.
- crun 1.12 does not leak any useful file descriptors into the
runc init-equivalent process (so this attack is not exploitable as far as we can tell), but no care is taken to make sure all non-stdio files areO_CLOEXECand there is no check afterchdir(2)to ensure the working directory is inside the container. If a file descriptor happened to be leaked in the future, this could be exploitable. In addition, any file descriptors passed tocrunare not closed until the container process is executed, meaning that easily-overlooked programming errors by users ofcruncan lead to these attacks becoming exploitable. - youki 0.3.1 does not leak any useful file descriptors into the
runc init-equivalent process (so this attack is not exploitable as far as we can tell) however this appears to be pure luck.youkidoes leak a directory file descriptor from the host mount namespace, but it just so happens that the directory is the rootfs of the container (which then getspivot_root'd into and so ends up as a in-root path thanks tochroot_fs_refs). In addition, no care is taken to make sure all non-stdio files areO_CLOEXECand there is no check afterchdir(2)to ensure the working directory is inside the container. If a file descriptor happened to be leaked in the future, this could be exploitable. In addition, any file descriptors passed toyoukiare not closed until the container process is executed, meaning that easily-overlooked programming errors by users ofyoukican lead to these attacks becoming exploitable. - LXC 5.0.3 does not appear to leak any useful file descriptors, and they have comments noting the importance of not leaking file descriptors in
lxc-attach. However, they don't seem to have any proactive protection against file descriptor leaks at the point ofchdirsuch as usingclose_range(...)(they do have RAII-like__do_fcloseclosers but those don't necessarily stop all leaks in this context) nor do they have any check afterchdir(2)to ensure the working directory is inside the container. Unfortunately it seems they cannot useCLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXECbecause they don't need to re-exec themselves.
Workarounds
For attacks 1 and 2, only permit containers (and runc exec) to use a process.cwd of /. It is not possible for / to be replaced with a symlink (the path is resolved from within the container's mount namespace, and you cannot change the root of a mount namespace or an fs root to a symlink).
For attacks 1 and 3a, only permit users to run trusted images.
For attack 3b, there is no practical workaround other than never using runc exec because any binary you try to execute with runc exec could end up being a malicious binary target.
See Also
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-21626
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.1.12
- The runc 1.1.12 merge commit https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/a9833ff391a71b30069a6c3f816db113379a4346, which contains the following security patches:
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/506552a88bd3455e80a9b3829568e94ec0160309
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/0994249a5ec4e363bfcf9af58a87a722e9a3a31b
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/fbe3eed1e568a376f371d2ced1b4ac16b7d7adde
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/284ba3057e428f8d6c7afcc3b0ac752e525957df
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/b6633f48a8c970433737b9be5bfe4f25d58a5aa7
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/683ad2ff3b01fb142ece7a8b3829de17150cf688
- https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/e9665f4d606b64bf9c4652ab2510da368bfbd951
Credits
Thanks to Rory McNamara from Snyk for discovering and disclosing the original vulnerability (attack 1) to Docker, @lifubang from acmcoder for discovering how to adapt the attack to overwrite host binaries (attack 3a), and Aleksa Sarai from SUSE for discovering how to adapt the attacks to work as container breakouts using runc exec (attacks 2 and 3b).
Severity
8.6 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.1.11"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/opencontainers/runc"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.0.0-rc93"
},
{
"fixed": "1.1.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21626"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-403",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-31T22:44:08Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-31T22:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nIn runc 1.1.11 and earlier, due to an internal file descriptor leak, an attacker could cause a newly-spawned container process (from `runc exec`) to have a working directory in the host filesystem namespace, allowing for a container escape by giving access to the host filesystem (\"attack 2\"). The same attack could be used by a malicious image to allow a container process to gain access to the host filesystem through `runc run` (\"attack 1\"). Variants of attacks 1 and 2 could be also be used to overwrite semi-arbitrary host binaries, allowing for complete container escapes (\"attack 3a\" and \"attack 3b\").\n\nStrictly speaking, while attack 3a is the most severe from a CVSS perspective, attacks 2 and 3b are arguably more dangerous in practice because they allow for a breakout from inside a container as opposed to requiring a user execute a malicious image. The reason attacks 1 and 3a are scored higher is because being able to socially engineer users is treated as a given for UI:R vectors, despite attacks 2 and 3b requiring far more minimal user interaction (just reasonable `runc exec` operations on a container the attacker has access to). In any case, all four attacks can lead to full control of the host system.\n\n#### Attack 1: `process.cwd` \"mis-configuration\"\n\nIn runc 1.1.11 and earlier, several file descriptors were inadvertently leaked internally within runc into `runc init`, including a handle to the host\u0027s `/sys/fs/cgroup` (this leak was added in v1.0.0-rc93). If the container was configured to have `process.cwd` set to `/proc/self/fd/7/` (the actual fd can change depending on file opening order in `runc`), the resulting pid1 process will have a working directory in the host mount namespace and thus the spawned process can access the entire host filesystem. This alone is not an exploit against runc, however a malicious image could make any innocuous-looking non-`/` path a symlink to `/proc/self/fd/7/` and thus trick a user into starting a container whose binary has access to the host filesystem.\n\nFurthermore, prior to runc 1.1.12, runc also did not verify that the final working directory was inside the container\u0027s mount namespace after calling `chdir(2)` (as we have already joined the container namespace, it was incorrectly assumed there would be no way to chdir outside the container after `pivot_root(2)`).\n\nThe CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N (8.2, high severity).\n\nNote that this attack requires a privileged user to be tricked into running a malicious container image. It should be noted that when using higher-level runtimes (such as Docker or Kubernetes), this exploit can be considered critical as it can be done remotely by anyone with the rights to start a container image (and can be exploited from within Dockerfiles using `ONBUILD` in the case of Docker).\n\n#### Attack 2: `runc exec` container breakout\n\n(This is a modification of attack 1, constructed to allow for a process inside a container to break out.)\n\nThe same fd leak and lack of verification of the working directory in attack 1 also apply to `runc exec`. If a malicious process inside the container knows that some administrative process will call `runc exec` with the `--cwd` argument and a given path, in most cases they can replace that path with a symlink to `/proc/self/fd/7/`. Once the container process has executed the container binary, `PR_SET_DUMPABLE` protections no longer apply and the attacker can open `/proc/$exec_pid/cwd` to get access to the host filesystem.\n\n`runc exec` defaults to a cwd of `/` (which cannot be replaced with a symlink), so this attack depends on the attacker getting a user (or some administrative process) to use `--cwd` and figuring out what path the target working directory is. Note that if the target working directory is a parent of the program binary being executed, the attacker might be unable to replace the path with a symlink (the `execve` will fail in most cases, unless the host filesystem layout specifically matches the container layout in specific ways and the attacker knows which binary the `runc exec` is executing).\n\nThe CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N (7.2, high severity).\n\n#### Attacks 3a and 3b: `process.args` host binary overwrite attack\n\n(These are modifications of attacks 1 and 2, constructed to overwrite a host binary by using `execve` to bring a magic-link reference into the container.)\n\nAttacks 1 and 2 can be adapted to overwrite a host binary by using a path like `/proc/self/fd/7/../../../bin/bash` as the `process.args` binary argument, causing a host binary to be executed by a container process. The `/proc/$pid/exe` handle can then be used to overwrite the host binary, as seen in CVE-2019-5736 (note that the same `#!` trick can be used to avoid detection as an attacker). As the overwritten binary could be something like `/bin/bash`, as soon as a privileged user executes the target binary on the host, the attacker can pivot to gain full access to the host.\n\nFor the purposes of CVSS scoring:\n\n* Attack 3a is attack 1 but adapted to overwrite a host binary, where a malicious image is set up to execute `/proc/self/fd/7/../../../bin/bash` and run a shell script that overwrites `/proc/self/exe`, overwriting the host copy of `/bin/bash`. The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.6, high severity).\n* Attack 3b is attack 2 but adapted to overwrite a host binary, where the malicious container process overwrites all of the possible `runc exec` target binaries inside the container (such as `/bin/bash`) such that a host target binary is executed and then the container process opens `/proc/$pid/exe` to get access to the host binary and overwrite it. The CVSS score for this attack is CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.2, high severity).\n\nAs mentioned in attack 1, while 3b is scored lower it is more dangerous in practice as it doesn\u0027t require a user to run a malicious image.\n\n### Patches\nrunc 1.1.12 has been released, and includes patches for this issue. Note that there are four separate fixes applied:\n\n* Checking that the working directory is actually inside the container by checking whether `os.Getwd` returns `ENOENT` (Linux provides a way of detecting if cwd is outside the current namespace root). This explicitly blocks runc from executing a container process when inside a non-container path and thus eliminates attacks 1 and 2 even in the case of fd leaks.\n* Close all internal runc file descriptors in the final stage of `runc init`, right before `execve`. This ensures that internal file descriptors cannot be used as an argument to `execve` and thus eliminates attacks 3a and 3b, even in the case of fd leaks. This requires hooking into some Go runtime internals to make sure we don\u0027t close critical Go internal file descriptors.\n* Fixing the specific fd leaks that made these bug exploitable (mark `/sys/fs/cgroup` as `O_CLOEXEC` and backport a fix for some `*os.File` leaks).\n* In order to protect against future `runc init` file descriptor leaks, mark all non-stdio files as `O_CLOEXEC` before executing `runc init`.\n\n### Other Runtimes\n\nWe have discovered that several other container runtimes are either potentially vulnerable to similar attacks, or do not have sufficient protection against attacks of this nature. We recommend other container runtime authors look at [our patches](#Patches) and make sure they at least add a `getcwd() != ENOENT` check as well as consider whether `close_range(3, UINT_MAX, CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC)` before executing their equivalent of `runc init` is appropriate.\n\n * crun 1.12 does not leak any useful file descriptors into the `runc init`-equivalent process (so this attack is _not exploitable_ as far as we can tell), but no care is taken to make sure all non-stdio files are `O_CLOEXEC` and there is no check after `chdir(2)` to ensure the working directory is inside the container. If a file descriptor happened to be leaked in the future, this could be exploitable. In addition, any file descriptors passed to `crun` are not closed until the container process is executed, meaning that easily-overlooked programming errors by users of `crun` can lead to these attacks becoming exploitable.\n * youki 0.3.1 does not leak any useful file descriptors into the `runc init`-equivalent process (so this attack is _not exploitable_ as far as we can tell) however this appears to be pure luck. `youki` does leak a directory file descriptor from the host mount namespace, but it just so happens that the directory is the rootfs of the container (which then gets `pivot_root`\u0027d into and so ends up as a in-root path thanks to `chroot_fs_refs`). In addition, no care is taken to make sure all non-stdio files are `O_CLOEXEC` and there is no check after `chdir(2)` to ensure the working directory is inside the container. If a file descriptor happened to be leaked in the future, this could be exploitable. In addition, any file descriptors passed to `youki` are not closed until the container process is executed, meaning that easily-overlooked programming errors by users of `youki` can lead to these attacks becoming exploitable.\n * LXC 5.0.3 does not appear to leak any useful file descriptors, and they have comments noting the importance of not leaking file descriptors in `lxc-attach`. However, they don\u0027t seem to have any proactive protection against file descriptor leaks at the point of `chdir` such as using `close_range(...)` (they do have RAII-like `__do_fclose` closers but those don\u0027t necessarily stop all leaks in this context) nor do they have any check after `chdir(2)` to ensure the working directory is inside the container. Unfortunately it seems they cannot use `CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC` because they don\u0027t need to re-exec themselves.\n\n### Workarounds\nFor attacks 1 and 2, only permit containers (and `runc exec`) to use a `process.cwd` of `/`. It is not possible for `/` to be replaced with a symlink (the path is resolved from within the container\u0027s mount namespace, and you cannot change the root of a mount namespace or an fs root to a symlink).\n\nFor attacks 1 and 3a, only permit users to run trusted images.\n\nFor attack 3b, there is no practical workaround other than never using `runc exec` because any binary you try to execute with `runc exec` could end up being a malicious binary target.\n\n### See Also\n* https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2024-21626\n* https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.1.12\n* The runc 1.1.12 merge commit https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/a9833ff391a71b30069a6c3f816db113379a4346, which contains the following security patches:\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/506552a88bd3455e80a9b3829568e94ec0160309\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/0994249a5ec4e363bfcf9af58a87a722e9a3a31b\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/fbe3eed1e568a376f371d2ced1b4ac16b7d7adde\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/284ba3057e428f8d6c7afcc3b0ac752e525957df\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/b6633f48a8c970433737b9be5bfe4f25d58a5aa7\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/683ad2ff3b01fb142ece7a8b3829de17150cf688\n * https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/e9665f4d606b64bf9c4652ab2510da368bfbd951\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to Rory McNamara from Snyk for discovering and disclosing the original vulnerability (attack 1) to Docker, @lifubang from acmcoder for discovering how to adapt the attack to overwrite host binaries (attack 3a), and Aleksa Sarai from SUSE for discovering how to adapt the attacks to work as container breakouts using `runc exec` (attacks 2 and 3b).",
"id": "GHSA-xr7r-f8xq-vfvv",
"modified": "2024-07-05T21:38:20Z",
"published": "2024-01-31T22:44:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/security/advisories/GHSA-xr7r-f8xq-vfvv"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21626"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/commit/02120488a4c0fc487d1ed2867e901eeed7ce8ecf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/tag/v1.1.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/02/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/2NLXNE23Q5ESQUAI22Z7A63JX2WMPJ2J"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/SYMO3BANINS6RGFQFKPRG4FIOJ7GWYTL"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176993/runc-1.1.11-File-Descriptor-Leak-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/01/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/02/02/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "runc vulnerable to container breakout through process.cwd trickery and leaked fds"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.