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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-347

Allowed

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.

1268 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2024-21917 (GCVE-0-2024-21917)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-31 18:16 – Updated: 2026-01-15 15:34
VLAI
Title
Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk® Service Platform Service Token Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk® Service Platform that allows a malicious user to obtain the service token and use it for authentication on another FTSP directory. This is due to the lack of digital signing between the FTSP service token and directory.  If exploited, a malicious user could potentially retrieve user information and modify settings without any authentication.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-02-06 05:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Date Public
2024-01-30 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-21669 (GCVE-0-2024-21669)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-11 05:40 – Updated: 2025-06-03 14:25
VLAI
Title
Hyperledger Aries Cloud Agent Python result of presentation verification not checked for LDP-VC
Summary
Hyperledger Aries Cloud Agent Python (ACA-Py) is a foundation for building decentralized identity applications and services running in non-mobile environments. When verifying W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs (LDP-VCs), the result of verifying the presentation `document.proof` was not factored into the final `verified` value (`true`/`false`) on the presentation record. The flaw enables holders of W3C Format Verifiable Credentials using JSON-LD with Linked Data Proofs (LDPs) to present incorrectly constructed proofs, and allows malicious verifiers to save and replay a presentation from such holders as their own. This vulnerability has been present since version 0.7.0 and fixed in version 0.10.5.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-05-08 15:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hyperledger aries-cloudagent-python Affected: >= 0.7.0, < 0.10.5
Affected: >= 0.11.0rc1, < 0.11.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-21383 (GCVE-0-2024-21383)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-01-26 00:29 – Updated: 2025-05-03 01:46
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-12 18:32 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Affected: 1.0.0 , < 121.0.2277.83 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:edge_chromium:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2024-01-25 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-13990 (GCVE-0-2024-13990)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-19 18:54 – Updated: 2025-11-19 15:58 X_Known Exploited Vulnerability
VLAI
Title
MicroWorld eScan AV Insecure Update Mechanism Allows Man-in-the-Middle Replacement of Updates
Summary
MicroWorld eScan AV's update mechanism failed to ensure authenticity and integrity of updates: update packages were delivered and accepted without robust cryptographic verification. As a result, an on-path attacker could perform a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack and substitute malicious update payloads for legitimate ones. The eScan AV client accepted these substituted packages and executed or loaded their components (including sideloaded DLLs and Java/installer payloads), enabling remote code execution on affected systems. MicroWorld eScan confirmed remediation of the update mechanism on 2023-07-31 but versioning details are unavailable. NOTE: MicroWorld eScan disputes the characterization in third-party reports, stating the issue relates to 2018–2019 and that controls were implemented then.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-19 20:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-295 - Improper Certificate Validation
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-13172 (GCVE-0-2024-13172)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-01-14 17:16 – Updated: 2026-02-26 19:09
VLAI
Summary
Improper signature verification in Ivanti EPM before the 2024 January-2025 Security Update and 2022 SU6 January-2025 Security Update allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to achieve remote code execution. Local user interaction is required.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-01-24 04:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Ivanti Endpoint Manager Unaffected: 2024 January-2025 Security Update (custom)
Unaffected: 2022 SU6 January-2025 Security Update (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-11957 (GCVE-0-2024-11957)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-04 15:41 – Updated: 2025-03-05 08:05
VLAI
Title
Arbitrary Code Execution in WPS Office
Summary
Improper verification of the digital signature in ksojscore.dll in Kingsoft WPS Office in versions equal or less than 12.1.0.18276 on Windows allows an attacker to load an arbitrary Windows library. The patch released in version 12.2.0.16909 to mitigate CVE-2024-7262 was not restrictive enough.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-03-04 16:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kingsoft WPS Office Affected: 12.2.0.16909 , < 12.1.0.18276 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-10237 (GCVE-0-2024-10237)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-04 07:59 – Updated: 2025-02-04 14:38
VLAI
Title
SMC BMC Firmware Image Authentication Design Issue
Summary
There is a vulnerability in the BMC firmware image authentication design at Supermicro MBD-X12DPG-OA6 . An attacker can modify the firmware to bypass BMC inspection and bypass the signature verification process
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-04 14:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SMCI MBD-X12DPG-OA6 Affected: 1.04.16 (BMC)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-9487 (GCVE-0-2024-9487)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-10 21:08 – Updated: 2024-10-11 15:34
VLAI
Title
An Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed SAML SSO authentication to be bypassed when the encrypted assertions feature was enabled
Summary
An improper verification of cryptographic signature vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed SAML SSO authentication to be bypassed resulting in unauthorized provisioning of users and access to the instance. Exploitation required the encrypted assertions feature to be enabled, and the attacker would require direct network access as well as a signed SAML response or metadata document. This vulnerability affected all versions of GitHub Enterprise Server prior to 3.15 and was fixed in versions 3.11.16, 3.12.10, 3.13.5, and 3.14.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-11 15:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
GitHub Enterprise Server Affected: 3.11.0 , ≤ 3.11.15 (semver)
Affected: 3.12.0 , ≤ 3.12.9 (semver)
Affected: 3.13.0 , ≤ 3.13.4 (semver)
Affected: 3.14.0 , ≤ 3.14.1 (semver)
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github enterprise_server Affected: 3.11.0 , ≤ 3.11.15 (semver)
Affected: 3.12.0 , ≤ 3.12.9 (semver)
Affected: 3.13.0 , ≤ 3.13.4 (semver)
Affected: 3.14.0 , ≤ 3.14.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:github:enterprise_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2024-8698 (GCVE-0-2024-8698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-09-19 15:48 – Updated: 2026-08-04 08:05
VLAI
Title
Keycloak-saml-core: improper verification of saml responses leading to privilege escalation in keycloak
Summary
A flaw exists in the SAML signature validation method within the Keycloak XMLSignatureUtil class. The method incorrectly determines whether a SAML signature is for the full document or only for specific assertions based on the position of the signature in the XML document, rather than the Reference element used to specify the signed element. This flaw allows attackers to create crafted responses that can bypass the validation, potentially leading to privilege escalation or impersonation attacks.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-09-19 17:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6878 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6879 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6880 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6882 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6886 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6887 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6888 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6889 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:6890 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:8823 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:8824 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:8826 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-8698 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2311641 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 25.0.5 (semver)
Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak     cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22
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Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak     cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:24
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 22 Unaffected: 22.0.13-1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 22 Unaffected: 22-18 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 22 Unaffected: 22-21 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:22::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 24 Unaffected: 24.0.8-1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:24::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat build of Keycloak 24 Unaffected: 24-17 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:24::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8     cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 1:2.0.0-2.redhat_00005.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:1.8.0-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.2.0-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:1.16.1-2.redhat_00007.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:3.2.2-28.redhat_2.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.15.1-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:3.14.0-2.redhat_00006.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:4.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.0.1-1.redhat_00002.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:0.1.0-2.redhat_00010.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:1.12.284-2.redhat_00002.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:1.2.5-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:800.4.0-1.GA_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.1.0-4.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:6.2.31-1.Final_redhat_00002.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:8.0.1-3.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:0.8.1-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:1.1.3-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:3.0.1-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:3.5.3-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:4.0.2-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:5.3.10-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.22.1-1.redhat_00002.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:6.0.3-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:9.37.3-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:9.6.0-1.redhat_00002.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.3.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:2.0.1-3.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:3.0.1-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:3.0.4-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8 Unaffected: 0:8.0.0-6.redhat_00001.1.el8eap , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7     cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7.6
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Red Hat RHEL-8 based Middleware Containers Unaffected: 7.6-54 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhosemc:1.0::el8
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Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak     cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:
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Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7     cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
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Date Public
2024-09-19 15:12
Show details on NVD website

{
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                "id": "CVE-2024-8698",
                "options": [
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                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
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                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2024-09-19T17:28:59.153864Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2024-09-19T17:57:06.522Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
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        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "eap8-aesh-extensions",
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          "packageName": "eap8-aesh-readline",
          "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8",
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        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
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          "cpes": [
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          "product": "Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8.0 for RHEL 8",
          "vendor": "Red Hat",
          "versions": [
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              "lessThan": "*",
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              "versionType": "rpm"
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CVE-2024-8531 (GCVE-0-2024-8531)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-10-11 13:50 – Updated: 2024-10-15 14:46
VLAI
Summary
CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature vulnerability exists that could compromise the Data Center Expert software when an upgrade bundle is manipulated to include arbitrary bash scripts that are executed as root.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-10-15 14:45 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Schneider Electric Data Center Expert Affected: Versions 8.1.1.3 and prior
Create a notification for this product.
schneider-electric data_center_expert Affected: 0 , ≤ 8.1.1.3 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:schneider-electric:data_center_expert:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-463: Padding Oracle Crypto Attack

An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.