Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-345

Discouraged

Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product does not sufficiently verify the origin or authenticity of data, in a way that causes it to accept invalid data.

1252 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-108568 (GCVE-0-2026-108568)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-11 09:45 – Updated: 2026-10-11 09:45
VLAI
Title
InstantSoft icms2 Billing paypal.php validatePaypalOrder data authenticity
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in InstantSoft icms2 up to 2.18.2. The affected element is the function validatePaypalOrder of the file system/controllers/billing/actions/paypal.php of the component Billing Module. Executing a manipulation of the argument bid/sig can lead to insufficient verification of data authenticity. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3767 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416225 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/416225/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108568 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/954261 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
InstantSoft icms2 Affected: 2.18.0
Affected: 2.18.1
Affected: 2.18.2
    cpe:2.3:a:instantsoft:icms2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-107852 (GCVE-0-2026-107852)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-09 20:28 – Updated: 2026-10-09 20:28
VLAI
Title
Jexactyl: Stripe checkout confirmation accepts mismatched-currency/amount payments as full payment (payment forgery)
Summary
Jexactyl is a customisable game management panel and billing system. Prior to 4.0.5, the POST /api/client/billing/stripe/process endpoint accepts a client-supplied Stripe Checkout Session when payment_status is paid but does not compare amount_total or currency with the referenced order and configured billing currency. On an instance where the billing module is enabled and a Stripe secret key is configured, an authenticated client can therefore complete a lower-value or mismatched-currency payment and cause the order to be processed, provisioning, renewing, upgrading, or unsuspending the purchased server for less than the required price. This issue is fixed in version 4.0.5.
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7552 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Jexactyl Jexactyl Affected: < 4.0.5
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-107420 (GCVE-0-2026-107420)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-10 19:36 – Updated: 2026-10-11 12:13
VLAI
Title
WordPress Pay With MetaMask For WooCommerce – Cryptocurrency Payment Gateway plugin <= 1.7.2 - Bypass Vulnerability vulnerability
Summary
Unauthenticated Bypass Vulnerability in Pay With MetaMask For WooCommerce – Cryptocurrency Payment Gateway <= 1.7.2 versions.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-11 11:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
Patchstack CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 75/100 over 2805 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-107284 (GCVE-0-2026-107284)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 21:27 – Updated: 2026-10-08 14:54
VLAI
Title
AsyncHttpClient: WebSocket handshake continues after a failed Sec-WebSocket-Accept check
Summary
The AsyncHttpClient (AHC) library allows Java applications to easily execute HTTP requests and asynchronously process HTTP responses. Prior to 3.0.12 and 2.16.1, WebSocketHandler.upgrade aborts a handshake whose Sec-WebSocket-Accept value is missing or invalid but continues into pipeline installation and onOpen delivery. Frames coalesced with the invalid 101 response can be decoded and delivered from a peer that did not prove the handshake, although the request future fails and the channel closes. This issue is fixed in versions 3.0.12 and 2.16.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 14:51 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-670 - Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7552 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AsyncHttpClient async-http-client Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.12
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.16.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-107102 (GCVE-0-2026-107102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 08:16 – Updated: 2026-10-07 18:08
VLAI
Title
Account Takeover Vulnerability in Manacle Technologies ERP System
Summary
This vulnerability exists in the ERP system due to improper validation of payment callback parameters and inadequate authentication controls in API endpoint. An unauthenticated remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the parameter to cause the application to establish an authenticated session for an arbitrary user without valid payment verification. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to bypass authentication and gain unauthorized access to other user accounts on the targeted system.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-07 18:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
CERT-In CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 90/100 over 26 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Manacle Technologies Multi-tenant ERP System Affected: version
    cpe:2.3:a:manacle_technologies:multi-tenant_erp_system:version:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105818 (GCVE-0-2026-105818)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-07 21:21 – Updated: 2026-10-08 17:07
VLAI
Title
Vault PKI ACME Issues Certificate With Unvalidated SANs
Summary
Vault's PKI secrets engine ACME server did not restrict certificate identities that ACME challenges do not validate when issuing certificates under the default directory policy. This may allow an ACME client to obtain a certificate containing unverified identity claims, potentially enabling impersonation toward systems that trust certificates issued by the affected Vault PKI mount. This vulnerability (CVE-2026-105818) is fixed in Vault Community Edition 2.1.2, and Vault Enterprise 2.1.2, 1.21.12, 1.20.17, and 1.19.23.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 17:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
HashiCorp CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 45 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
HashiCorp Vault Affected: 1.14.0 , < 2.1.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
HashiCorp Vault Enterprise Affected: 1.14.0 , < 2.1.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105741 (GCVE-0-2026-105741)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 20:56 – Updated: 2026-10-06 16:43
VLAI
Title
Langflow: IP Spoofing Bypass via `X-Forwarded-For` Allowing Remote Configuration Write
Summary
Langflow is a tool for building and deploying AI-powered agents and workflows. From 1.5.0 until 1.10.3, an IP spoofing vulnerability in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) configuration installation endpoint (POST /api/v1/mcp/project/{project_id}/install) allowed authenticated remote attackers to bypass the "local-only" access restriction. By sending a spoofed X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1 header, an attacker could make the server treat the request as originating from localhost, letting them write/overwrite an MCP client configuration file on the server's filesystem. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.10.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 16:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7552 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
langflow-ai langflow Affected: >= 1.5.0, < 1.10.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-105161 (GCVE-0-2026-105161)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-04 16:30 – Updated: 2026-10-06 22:02 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
invariant-systems-ai aiir Policy Gate signature verification
Summary
A flaw has been found in invariant-systems-ai aiir up to 1.7.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the component Policy Gate Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper verification of cryptographic signature. The attack can be executed remotely. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component. The GitHub repository of this project is not available anymore. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 22:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-347 - Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 3767 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
invariant-systems-ai aiir Affected: 1.0
Affected: 1.1
Affected: 1.2
Affected: 1.3
Affected: 1.4
Affected: 1.5
Affected: 1.6
Affected: 1.7.0
    cpe:2.3:a:invariant-systems-ai:aiir:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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CVE-2026-104850 (GCVE-0-2026-104850)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-06 16:08 – Updated: 2026-10-06 16:28
VLAI
Title
MCP TypeScript SDK: OAuth client could send credentials to an authorization server chosen by the MCP server
Summary
MCP TypeScript SDK is the official TypeScript SDK for Model Context Protocol servers and clients. Starting in version 1.12.0 and prior to versions 1.31.0 and 2.2.0, the SDK's OAuth client support let the MCP server a client connected to decide which authorization server received the client's OAuth credentials. Stored and pre-provisioned credentials were not bound to the authorization server they belong to. A malicious or compromised MCP server could name its own authorization server in its protected resource metadata. Without any user interaction, the client would send that server the `refresh_token` and `client_secret` stored from an earlier sign-in (1.x), or the configured `client_secret` or signed assertion of a bundled non-interactive provider (1.x and 2.x). Only those applications that use the SDK as an MCP client over HTTP with an `authProvider`: your own `OAuthClientProvider`, or the bundled `ClientCredentialsProvider`, `PrivateKeyJwtProvider`, `StaticPrivateKeyJwtProvider` or (2.x) `CrossAppAccessProvider` and that may connect to an MCP server the owners does not fully trust while holding credentials for a legitimate authorization server are affected. `@modelcontextprotocol/sdk` 1.31.0 (1.x) and `@modelcontextprotocol/client` 2.2.0 (2.x) patch the issue. A workaround for those who cannot upgrade is available. 2.0.0 and 2.1.0 already accept `expectedIssuer`. On 1.x, the only workaround is to connect OAuth-enabled clients only to MCP servers you trust.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-06 16:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-345 - Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-522 - Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7552 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
modelcontextprotocol typescript-sdk Affected: >= 1.12.0, < 1.31.0
Affected: >= 2.0.0, < 2.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-104805 (GCVE-0-2026-104805)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-05 08:22 – Updated: 2026-10-05 12:57
VLAI
Title
Mitel MiVoice Office 400 Backup Restoration Arbitrary File Write Leading to Root Code Execution
Summary
DigitalCanion has discovered a vulnerability in the backup restoration functionality that allows an attacker with access to the configured backup repository to introduce arbitrary files into the system during restoration. The specific flaw exists within the backup restoration mechanism, which fails to properly validate the paths, file types, integrity, and authenticity of files contained within a restored TGZ archive. The application does not perform file-signature verification before extracting the archive, allowing a specially crafted backup to contain attacker-controlled files. An attacker with access to the backup SFTP or other configured repository can therefore provide a malicious TGZ archive that, when restored by the system, may place arbitrary files on the underlying Linux system. Depending on the location and permissions of the extracted files, this behavior can potentially be leveraged to achieve arbitrary code execution with root privileges and compromise the underlying virtual machine. The absence of enforced backup passwords further reduces the protection provided by the backup mechanism and may facilitate unauthorized access to the repository.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-05 12:57 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-22 - — Path Traversal
  • CWE-73 - — External Control of File Name or Path
  • CWE-494 - — Download of Code Without Integrity Check
  • CWE-345 - — Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
  • CWE-434 - — Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Assigner
NCSC.ch CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 80/100 over 74 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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    "datePublished": "2026-10-05T08:22:08.836Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-02T13:47:44.296Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-05T12:57:11.157Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning

An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.

CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning

A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.

CAPEC-148: Content Spoofing

An adversary modifies content to make it contain something other than what the original content producer intended while keeping the apparent source of the content unchanged. The term content spoofing is most often used to describe modification of web pages hosted by a target to display the adversary's content instead of the owner's content. However, any content can be spoofed, including the content of email messages, file transfers, or the content of other network communication protocols. Content can be modified at the source (e.g. modifying the source file for a web page) or in transit (e.g. intercepting and modifying a message between the sender and recipient). Usually, the adversary will attempt to hide the fact that the content has been modified, but in some cases, such as with web site defacement, this is not necessary. Content Spoofing can lead to malware exposure, financial fraud (if the content governs financial transactions), privacy violations, and other unwanted outcomes.

CAPEC-218: Spoofing of UDDI/ebXML Messages

An attacker spoofs a UDDI, ebXML, or similar message in order to impersonate a service provider in an e-business transaction. UDDI, ebXML, and similar standards are used to identify businesses in e-business transactions. Among other things, they identify a particular participant, WSDL information for SOAP transactions, and supported communication protocols, including security protocols. By spoofing one of these messages an attacker could impersonate a legitimate business in a transaction or could manipulate the protocols used between a client and business. This could result in disclosure of sensitive information, loss of message integrity, or even financial fraud.

CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.

CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation

An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.

CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.

CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content

An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.

CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking

An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.

CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)

An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.