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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp: do not accept ACK of bytes we never sent\n\nThis patch is based on a detailed report and ideas from Yepeng Pan\nand Christian Rossow.\n\nACK seq validation is currently following RFC 5961 5.2 guidelines:\n\n   The ACK value is considered acceptable only if\n   it is in the range of ((SND.UNA - MAX.SND.WND) \u003c= SEG.ACK \u003c=\n   SND.NXT).  All incoming segments whose ACK value doesn\u0027t satisfy the\n   above condition MUST be discarded and an ACK sent back.  It needs to\n   be noted that RFC 793 on page 72 (fifth check) says: \"If the ACK is a\n   duplicate (SEG.ACK \u003c SND.UNA), it can be ignored.  If the ACK\n   acknowledges something not yet sent (SEG.ACK \u003e SND.NXT) then send an\n   ACK, drop the segment, and return\".  The \"ignored\" above implies that\n   the processing of the incoming data segment continues, which means\n   the ACK value is treated as acceptable.  This mitigation makes the\n   ACK check more stringent since any ACK \u003c SND.UNA wouldn\u0027t be\n   accepted, instead only ACKs that are in the range ((SND.UNA -\n   MAX.SND.WND) \u003c= SEG.ACK \u003c= SND.NXT) get through.\n\nThis can be refined for new (and possibly spoofed) flows,\nby not accepting ACK for bytes that were never sent.\n\nThis greatly improves TCP security at a little cost.\n\nI added a Fixes: tag to make sure this patch will reach stable trees,\neven if the \u0027blamed\u0027 patch was adhering to the RFC.\n\ntp-\u003ebytes_acked was added in linux-4.2\n\nFollowing packetdrill test (courtesy of Yepeng Pan) shows\nthe issue at hand:\n\n0 socket(..., SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP) = 3\n+0 setsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, [1], 4) = 0\n+0 bind(3, ..., ...) = 0\n+0 listen(3, 1024) = 0\n\n// ---------------- Handshake ------------------- //\n\n// when window scale is set to 14 the window size can be extended to\n// 65535 * (2^14) = 1073725440. Linux would accept an ACK packet\n// with ack number in (Server_ISN+1-1073725440. Server_ISN+1)\n// ,though this ack number acknowledges some data never\n// sent by the server.\n\n+0 \u003c S 0:0(0) win 65535 \u003cmss 1400,nop,wscale 14\u003e\n+0 \u003e S. 0:0(0) ack 1 \u003c...\u003e\n+0 \u003c . 1:1(0) ack 1 win 65535\n+0 accept(3, ..., ...) = 4\n\n// For the established connection, we send an ACK packet,\n// the ack packet uses ack number 1 - 1073725300 + 2^32,\n// where 2^32 is used to wrap around.\n// Note: we used 1073725300 instead of 1073725440 to avoid possible\n// edge cases.\n// 1 - 1073725300 + 2^32 = 3221241997\n\n// Oops, old kernels happily accept this packet.\n+0 \u003c . 1:1001(1000) ack 3221241997 win 65535\n\n// After the kernel fix the following will be replaced by a challenge ACK,\n// and prior malicious frame would be dropped.\n+0 \u003e . 1:1(0) ack 1001"
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              "value": "AV:A - The malformed page 10/page 1 payloads are supplied by the enclosure target over the storage fabric (SAS expander/enclosure, FC, or iSCSI/SRP target), so a rogue or compromised device on the SAN segment reaches the parser without local access; this matches the CNA\u0027s treatment of the sibling fix CVE-2023-7324. A malicious USB device asserting the EncServ INQUIRY bit is an additional, less severe path.\nAC:L - The attacker fully controls both the page 10 length field and the page 1 element counts, so reporting a short page 10 while advertising DEVICE/ARRAY_DEVICE elements deterministically drives addl_desc_ptr past the end of the allocation on every probe. No race, timing, or uncontrolled memory-layout condition is involved.\nPR:N - ses_intf_add() runs automatically during SCSI LUN discovery/rescan and binds to any target that sets the EncServ bit in its own INQUIRY response, so no credentials or prior authorization on the host are required. The KASAN report was produced by systemd-udevd during ordinary enumeration.\nUI:N - Enclosure probing is driven by the kernel\u0027s automatic device discovery on link-up/hotplug and on session re-establishment, not by any operator action. No mount, open, or configuration step by a victim is needed.\nS:U - The out-of-bounds read stays within the kernel\u0027s own slab memory and the derived data is exposed through the kernel\u0027s own enclosure sysfs interface. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - Adjacent slab memory is read out of bounds and the bytes are retained in ecomp-\u003eslot and scomp-\u003eaddr, with slot exported through the world-readable /sys/class/enclosure/*/*/slot attribute, giving a repeatable heap-adjacency oracle usable to disclose kernel heap contents and defeat layout randomization. Repeated re-probes let the attacker sample different heap neighbours.\nI:N - The defect is strictly a read overrun \u2014 ses_process_descriptor() only loads from the descriptor and writes to in-bounds fields, so there is no out-of-bounds write or control-flow primitive. Any bogus slot/address reported is something a malicious enclosure could already report through well-formed data.\nA:H - With attacker-chosen element counts the pointer can advance up to ~257 bytes per iteration across tens of thousands of iterations, running far past the page10 allocation into unmapped frames and oopsing the kernel, and it trips a KASAN slab-out-of-bounds report that panics hosts running panic_on_warn. The attacker can force this on every discovery cycle."
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    "dateReserved": "2025-12-08T23:58:35.276Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T09:16:06.196Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.9",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "4.15",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnouveau: fix instmem race condition around ptr stores\n\nRunning a lot of VK CTS in parallel against nouveau, once every\nfew hours you might see something like this crash.\n\nBUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008\nPGD 8000000114e6e067 P4D 8000000114e6e067 PUD 109046067 PMD 0\nOops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI\nCPU: 7 PID: 53891 Comm: deqp-vk Not tainted 6.8.0-rc6+ #27\nHardware name: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Z390 I AORUS PRO WIFI/Z390 I AORUS PRO WIFI-CF, BIOS F8 11/05/2021\nRIP: 0010:gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0xe3/0x180 [nouveau]\nCode: c7 48 01 c8 49 89 45 58 85 d2 0f 84 95 00 00 00 41 0f b7 46 12 49 8b 7e 08 89 da 42 8d 2c f8 48 8b 47 08 41 83 c7 01 48 89 ee \u003c48\u003e 8b 40 08 ff d0 0f 1f 00 49 8b 7e 08 48 89 d9 48 8d 75 04 48 c1\nRSP: 0000:ffffac20c5857838 EFLAGS: 00010202\nRAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00000000004d8001 RCX: 0000000000000001\nRDX: 00000000004d8001 RSI: 00000000000006d8 RDI: ffffa07afe332180\nRBP: 00000000000006d8 R08: ffffac20c5857ad0 R09: 0000000000ffff10\nR10: 0000000000000001 R11: ffffa07af27e2de0 R12: 000000000000001c\nR13: ffffac20c5857ad0 R14: ffffa07a96fe9040 R15: 000000000000001c\nFS:  00007fe395eed7c0(0000) GS:ffffa07e2c980000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 0000000000000008 CR3: 000000011febe001 CR4: 00000000003706f0\nDR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000\nDR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400\nCall Trace:\n\n...\n\n ? gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0xe3/0x180 [nouveau]\n ? gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0x37/0x180 [nouveau]\n nvkm_vmm_iter+0x351/0xa20 [nouveau]\n ? __pfx_nvkm_vmm_ref_ptes+0x10/0x10 [nouveau]\n ? __pfx_gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0x10/0x10 [nouveau]\n ? __pfx_gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0x10/0x10 [nouveau]\n ? __lock_acquire+0x3ed/0x2170\n ? __pfx_gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0x10/0x10 [nouveau]\n nvkm_vmm_ptes_get_map+0xc2/0x100 [nouveau]\n ? __pfx_nvkm_vmm_ref_ptes+0x10/0x10 [nouveau]\n ? __pfx_gp100_vmm_pgt_mem+0x10/0x10 [nouveau]\n nvkm_vmm_map_locked+0x224/0x3a0 [nouveau]\n\nAdding any sort of useful debug usually makes it go away, so I hand\nwrote the function in a line, and debugged the asm.\n\nEvery so often pt-\u003ememory-\u003eptrs is NULL. This ptrs ptr is set in\nthe nv50_instobj_acquire called from nvkm_kmap.\n\nIf Thread A and Thread B both get to nv50_instobj_acquire around\nthe same time, and Thread A hits the refcount_set line, and in\nlockstep thread B succeeds at refcount_inc_not_zero, there is a\nchance the ptrs value won\u0027t have been stored since refcount_set\nis unordered. Force a memory barrier here, I picked smp_mb, since\nwe want it on all CPUs and it\u0027s write followed by a read.\n\nv2: use paired smp_rmb/smp_wmb."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T20:08:09.697Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bba8ec5e9b16649d85bc9e9086bf7ae5b5716ff9"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1bc4825d4c3ec6abe43cf06c3c39d664d044cbf7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13d76b2f443dc371842916dd8768009ff1594716"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ab056814cd8ab84744c9a19ef51360b2271c572"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ad74d208f213c06d860916ad40f609ade8c13039"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a019b44b1bc6ed224c46fb5f88a8a10dd116e525"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21ca9539f09360fd83654f78f2c361f2f5ddcb52"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fff1386cc889d8fb4089d285f883f8cba62d82ce"
        }
      ],
      "title": "nouveau: fix instmem race condition around ptr stores",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2024-26984",
    "datePublished": "2024-05-01T05:27:20.506Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-02-19T14:20:24.204Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T20:08:09.697Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}