Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-119

Discouraged

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

Abstraction: Class · Status: Stable

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary. This may result in read or write operations on unexpected memory locations that could be linked to other variables, data structures, or internal program data.

17956 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-94146 (GCVE-0-2026-94146)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 07:00 – Updated: 2026-09-21 07:00
VLAI
Title
BioStar BIOS Update Utility IOCTL BSMEM64_W10.sys sub_110BC write-what-where
Summary
A vulnerability was found in BioStar BIOS Update Utility 1.9.7.3. This issue affects the function sub_110BC of the file BSMEM64_W10.sys of the component IOCTL Handler. The manipulation of the argument PhysicalAddress/Size results in write-what-where condition. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408061 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408061/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94146 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/894066 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BioStar BIOS Update Utility Affected: 1.9.7.3
    cpe:2.3:o:biostar:bios_update_utility:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bigcat (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:o:biostar:bios_update_utility:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
            "IOCTL Handler"
          ],
          "product": "BIOS Update Utility",
          "vendor": "BioStar",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.9.7.3"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "Bigcat (VulDB User)"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "coordinator",
          "value": "VulDB CNA Team"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
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        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
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            "version": "4.0"
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              "type": "CWE"
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            }
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      },
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          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/408061"
        },
        {
          "name": "VDB-408061 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
          "tags": [
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            "permissions-required"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/408061/cti"
        },
        {
          "name": "CVE-2026-94146 | CVE Analysis and Report",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94146"
        },
        {
          "name": "Submit #894066 | BIOSTAR Group BIOS Update Utility 1.9.7.3 Arbitrary Kernel Memory Read/Write",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/894066"
        }
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          "time": "2026-09-20T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-20T22:36:15.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "BioStar BIOS Update Utility IOCTL BSMEM64_W10.sys sub_110BC write-what-where",
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    }
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    "dateReserved": "2026-09-20T20:31:10.779Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T07:00:09.909Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

CVE-2026-94142 (GCVE-0-2026-94142)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 04:45 – Updated: 2026-09-21 04:45
VLAI
Title
BioStar Temperature Monitor Utility IOCTL BS_HWMIO64_W10.sys sub_1105C write-what-where
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in BioStar Temperature Monitor Utility 1.2.1806.2200. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_1105C of the file BS_HWMIO64_W10.sys of the component IOCTL Handler. Such manipulation of the argument PhysicalAddress leads to write-what-where condition. The attack needs to be performed locally. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408057 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408057/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94142 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/893919 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BioStar Temperature Monitor Utility Affected: 1.2.1806.2200
    cpe:2.3:a:biostar:temperature_monitor_utility:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bigcat (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:biostar:temperature_monitor_utility:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "modules": [
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          ],
          "product": "Temperature Monitor Utility",
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      ],
      "metrics": [
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          }
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            "version": "3.0"
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          "name": "VDB-408057 | BioStar Temperature Monitor Utility IOCTL BS_HWMIO64_W10.sys sub_1105C write-what-where",
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          ],
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        },
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          "name": "Submit #893919 | BioStar Temperature Monitor Utility 1.2.1806.2200 Arbitrary Kernel Memory Read/Write",
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            "third-party-advisory"
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          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/893919"
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-20T22:07:53.000Z",
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  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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}

CVE-2026-94129 (GCVE-0-2026-94129)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 02:00 – Updated: 2026-09-21 02:00
VLAI
Title
BioStar VALKYRIE AURORA IOCTL BS_RVSIO64.sys sub_1105C write-what-where
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in BioStar VALKYRIE AURORA 2.10.2411.0800. This vulnerability affects the function sub_1105C of the file BS_RVSIO64.sys of the component IOCTL Handler. The manipulation of the argument PhysicalAddress results in write-what-where condition. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408049 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408049/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94129 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/893721 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BioStar VALKYRIE AURORA Affected: 2.10.2411.0800
    cpe:2.3:a:biostar:valkyrie_aurora:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bigcat (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:biostar:valkyrie_aurora:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
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          ],
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          "time": "2026-09-20T02:00:00.000Z",
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          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-20T19:50:25.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
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}

CVE-2026-94128 (GCVE-0-2026-94128)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 01:45 – Updated: 2026-09-21 01:45
VLAI
Title
BioStar VIVID LED DJ IOCTL BS_LED64.sys sub_1105C write-what-where
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in BioStar VIVID LED DJ 4.0.2411.1500. This affects the function sub_1105C of the file BS_LED64.sys of the component IOCTL Handler. The manipulation of the argument AssociatedIrp leads to write-what-where condition. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408048 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408048/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94128 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/893651 third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BioStar VIVID LED DJ Affected: 4.0.2411.1500
    cpe:2.3:a:biostar:vivid_led_dj:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Bigcat (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:biostar:vivid_led_dj:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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CVE-2026-94101 (GCVE-0-2026-94101)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 00:45 – Updated: 2026-09-21 00:45
VLAI
Title
Netcore NBR200V2 routerd vlan_load_form_uci buffer overflow
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Netcore NBR200V2 1.3.241127.071246. The affected element is the function vlan_load_form_uci of the file /usr/bin/routerd. The manipulation of the argument wan_num leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408030 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408030/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94101 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/892995 third-party-advisory
https://app.notion.com/p/Netcore-NBR200V2-Vul-9-3… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Netcore NBR200V2 Affected: 1.3.241127.071246
    cpe:2.3:a:netcore:nbr200v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
FirmHarness (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-94100 (GCVE-0-2026-94100)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-21 00:30 – Updated: 2026-09-21 00:30
VLAI
Title
Netcore NBR200V2 WAN VLAN Reconfiguration routerd wan_config_set_vlan buffer overflow
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Netcore NBR200V2 1.3.241127.071246. Impacted is the function wan_config_set_vlan of the file /usr/bin/routerd of the component WAN VLAN Reconfiguration. Executing a manipulation of the argument vlan_wanX.ports can lead to buffer overflow. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408029 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/408029/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94100 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/892994 third-party-advisory
https://app.notion.com/p/Netcore-NBR200V2-Vul-8-3… exploit
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Netcore NBR200V2 Affected: 1.3.241127.071246
    cpe:2.3:a:netcore:nbr200v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
FirmHarness (VulDB User) VulDB CNA Team
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:netcore:nbr200v2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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CVE-2026-94089 (GCVE-0-2026-94089)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-20 20:45 – Updated: 2026-09-20 20:45
VLAI
Title
D-Link DIR-868L Authentication webfa_authentication.cgi strcpy stack-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in D-Link DIR-868L 2.01b05. This issue affects the function strcpy of the file /webfa_authentication.cgi of the component Authentication Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument id/password can lead to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
D-Link DIR-868L Affected: 2.01b05
    cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dir-868l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Walnut1337 (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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      "affected": [
        {
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            "cpe:2.3:h:d-link:dir-868l:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "vendor": "D-Link",
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CVE-2026-94003 (GCVE-0-2026-94003)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-20 11:30 – Updated: 2026-09-20 11:30
VLAI
Title
Comfast CF-N1-S Web Management mbox-config get_css_path_from_uri stack-based overflow
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Comfast CF-N1-S 2.6.0.1. Impacted is the function get_css_path_from_uri of the file /cgi-bin/mbox-config of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/407952 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/407952/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-94003 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/944859 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/AdminSafe/CVE/issues/12 exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Comfast CF-N1-S Affected: 2.6.0.1
    cpe:2.3:a:comfast:cf-n1-s:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
010hex (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-93962 (GCVE-0-2026-93962)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-20 05:00 – Updated: 2026-09-20 05:00 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Kamailio CDP Diameter Receiver receiver.c shm_malloc heap-based overflow
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Kamailio up to 5.8.8/6.0.7/6.1.4/6.2.0-dev1. The impacted element is the function shm_malloc of the file src/modules/cdp/receiver.c of the component CDP Diameter Receiver. Executing a manipulation can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 6.0.8 is sufficient to resolve this issue. This patch is called 38711a3e788de0130d48cb485578c482b57d9351/4f62235b6f477b649c5cc18b0c81b4e26c949b98/4f62235b6f477b649c5cc18b0c81b4e26c949b98. You should upgrade the affected component.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:P
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
8.3 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a Kamailio Affected: 5.8.0
Affected: 5.8.1
Affected: 5.8.2
Affected: 5.8.3
Affected: 5.8.4
Affected: 5.8.5
Affected: 5.8.6
Affected: 5.8.7
Affected: 5.8.8
Affected: 6.0.0
Affected: 6.0.1
Affected: 6.0.2
Affected: 6.0.3
Affected: 6.0.4
Affected: 6.0.5
Affected: 6.0.6
Affected: 6.0.7
Affected: 6.1.0
Affected: 6.1.1
Affected: 6.1.2
Affected: 6.1.3
Affected: 6.1.4
Affected: 6.2.0-dev1
Unaffected: 6.0.8
    cpe:2.3:a:kamailio:kamailio:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Credits
WeiYi (VulDB User)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-93741 (GCVE-0-2026-93741)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-19 05:45 – Updated: 2026-09-19 05:45
VLAI
Title
Totolink A3002MU formWlWds buffer overflow
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A3002MU Hh-B20211125.1046. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWlWds of the file /boafrm/formWlWds. The manipulation of the argument submit-url results in buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks.
Severity
10 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:P
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
10 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:X/RC:R
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Totolink A3002MU Affected: Hh-B20211125.1046
    cpe:2.3:a:totolink:a3002mu:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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Credits
sunnyyang (VulDB User)
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{
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      "affected": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:totolink:a3002mu:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
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          "product": "A3002MU",
          "vendor": "Totolink",
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      ],
      "credits": [
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          "lang": "en",
          "type": "reporter",
          "value": "sunnyyang (VulDB User)"
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      "descriptions": [
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          "value": "A security flaw has been discovered in Totolink A3002MU Hh-B20211125.1046. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWlWds of the file /boafrm/formWlWds. The manipulation of the argument submit-url results in buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks."
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          "time": "2026-09-18T17:49:07.000Z",
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      "title": "Totolink A3002MU formWlWds buffer overflow",
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Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

  • Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
  • Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
  • Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
  • Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
  • When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
  • Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
  • If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation

Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.

CAPEC-10: Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables

This attack pattern involves causing a buffer overflow through manipulation of environment variables. Once the adversary finds that they can modify an environment variable, they may try to overflow associated buffers. This attack leverages implicit trust often placed in environment variables.

CAPEC-100: Overflow Buffers

Buffer Overflow attacks target improper or missing bounds checking on buffer operations, typically triggered by input injected by an adversary. As a consequence, an adversary is able to write past the boundaries of allocated buffer regions in memory, causing a program crash or potentially redirection of execution as per the adversaries' choice.

CAPEC-123: Buffer Manipulation

An adversary manipulates an application's interaction with a buffer in an attempt to read or modify data they shouldn't have access to. Buffer attacks are distinguished in that it is the buffer space itself that is the target of the attack rather than any code responsible for interpreting the content of the buffer. In virtually all buffer attacks the content that is placed in the buffer is immaterial. Instead, most buffer attacks involve retrieving or providing more input than can be stored in the allocated buffer, resulting in the reading or overwriting of other unintended program memory.

CAPEC-14: Client-side Injection-induced Buffer Overflow

This type of attack exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in targeted client software through injection of malicious content from a custom-built hostile service. This hostile service is created to deliver the correct content to the client software. For example, if the client-side application is a browser, the service will host a webpage that the browser loads.

CAPEC-24: Filter Failure through Buffer Overflow

In this attack, the idea is to cause an active filter to fail by causing an oversized transaction. An attacker may try to feed overly long input strings to the program in an attempt to overwhelm the filter (by causing a buffer overflow) and hoping that the filter does not fail securely (i.e. the user input is let into the system unfiltered).

CAPEC-42: MIME Conversion

An attacker exploits a weakness in the MIME conversion routine to cause a buffer overflow and gain control over the mail server machine. The MIME system is designed to allow various different information formats to be interpreted and sent via e-mail. Attack points exist when data are converted to MIME compatible format and back.

CAPEC-44: Overflow Binary Resource File

An attack of this type exploits a buffer overflow vulnerability in the handling of binary resources. Binary resources may include music files like MP3, image files like JPEG files, and any other binary file. These attacks may pass unnoticed to the client machine through normal usage of files, such as a browser loading a seemingly innocent JPEG file. This can allow the adversary access to the execution stack and execute arbitrary code in the target process.

CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links

This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.

CAPEC-46: Overflow Variables and Tags

This type of attack leverages the use of tags or variables from a formatted configuration data to cause buffer overflow. The adversary crafts a malicious HTML page or configuration file that includes oversized strings, thus causing an overflow.

CAPEC-47: Buffer Overflow via Parameter Expansion

In this attack, the target software is given input that the adversary knows will be modified and expanded in size during processing. This attack relies on the target software failing to anticipate that the expanded data may exceed some internal limit, thereby creating a buffer overflow.

CAPEC-8: Buffer Overflow in an API Call

This attack targets libraries or shared code modules which are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. An adversary who has knowledge of known vulnerable libraries or shared code can easily target software that makes use of these libraries. All clients that make use of the code library thus become vulnerable by association. This has a very broad effect on security across a system, usually affecting more than one software process.

CAPEC-9: Buffer Overflow in Local Command-Line Utilities

This attack targets command-line utilities available in a number of shells. An adversary can leverage a vulnerability found in a command-line utility to escalate privilege to root.

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