Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-79

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.

66764 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-41886 (GCVE-0-2026-41886)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 15:45 – Updated: 2026-05-08 21:26

Title

locize Client SDK: Cross-origin DOM XSS & Handler Hijack Through Missing e.origin Validation in InContext Editor

Summary

locize is a localization platform that connects code and i18n setup. Prior to version 4.0.21, the locize client SDK registers a window.addEventListener("message", …) handler that dispatches to registered internal handlers (editKey, commitKey, commitKeys, isLocizeEnabled, requestInitialize, …) without validating event.origin. The pre-patch listener in src/api/postMessage.js gates dispatch on event.data.sender === "i18next-editor-frame" — that value sits inside the attacker-controlled message payload, not the browser-enforced origin. Any web page that could embed or be embedded by a locize-enabled host — an iframe on a third-party page, a window.open-ed victim, a parent frame reaching down — could send a crafted postMessage and trigger the internal handlers. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.21.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-346 - Origin Validation Error

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/locize/locize/security/advisor…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/locize/locize/releases/tag/v4.0.21	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
locize	locize	Affected: < 4.0.21

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41877 (GCVE-0-2026-41877)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 09:05 – Updated: 2026-07-10 10:56

Title

Stored XSS in R-SOFT DMS

Summary

R-SOFT DMS is vulnerable to Stored XSS in file upload functionality. Authenticated attacker can inject arbitrary HTML and JS into the name of the file being uploaded, which will be executed when visiting file list or upload status by other users. This issue was fixed in version v3.19-2832 and v3.17-2580.

Severity

5.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

CERT-PL

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://cert.pl/posts/2026/07/CVE-2026-41876	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
R-SOFT SERWIS	DMS	Affected: 0 , < v3.19-2832 (custom) Affected: 0 , < v3.17-2580 (custom)

Credits

Marek Figielski (Vanilla.pl)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41846 (GCVE-0-2026-41846)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 03:50 – Updated: 2026-06-27 21:01

Title

Spring Framework Cross-site Scripting via JSP Form Tags

Summary

Spring MVC applications which accept user-supplied values in the cssClass, cssErrorClass, or cssStyle attributes of JSP form tags allow arbitrary HTML/JavaScript code injection, potentially resulting in a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. Affected versions: Spring Framework 7.0.0 through 7.0.7; 6.2.0 through 6.2.18; 6.1.0 through 6.1.27; 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.

Severity

5.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting)

Assigner

vmware

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41846

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Spring	Spring Framework	Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.7.1 (custom) Affected: 6.2.0 , < 6.2.18.1 (custom) Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.1.28 (custom) Affected: 5.3.0 , < 5.3.49 (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41845 (GCVE-0-2026-41845)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 03:50 – Updated: 2026-06-27 21:01

Title

Spring Framework Cross-site Scripting via JavaScriptUtils

Summary

Due to incorrect escaping, the use of JavaScriptUtils.javaScriptEscape() may lead to JavaScript code injection in the browser, potentially resulting in a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. Affected versions: Spring Framework 7.0.0 through 7.0.7; 6.2.0 through 6.2.18; 6.1.0 through 6.1.27; 5.3.0 through 5.3.48.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (Cross-site Scripting)

Assigner

vmware

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-41845

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Spring	Spring Framework	Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.0.7.1 (custom) Affected: 6.2.0 , < 6.2.18.1 (custom) Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.1.28 (custom) Affected: 5.3.0 , < 5.3.49 (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41692 (GCVE-0-2026-41692)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 20:01 – Updated: 2026-05-11 18:04

Title

i18nextify is vulnerable to DOM XSS via javascript:/data: URL schemes in translated href/src attributes

Summary

i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 4.0.8 substitute {{key}} interpolation tokens inside src and href attribute values with the raw string returned by i18next.t(). The substitution logic in src/localize.js (the replaceInside handler) only guards against a duplicated http:// origin prefix — it does not validate the URL scheme of the substituted value. A translated value such as javascript:alert(1) or data:text/html,<script>...</script> is applied unchanged to the live DOM attribute when an attacker can influence the content of a translation file or the translation-backend response — for example, via a compromised translation CDN, user-contributed locales, a MITM on a plain-HTTP backend, or write access to the translation JSON. This issue was patched in version 4.0.8.

Severity

4.7 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/i18next/i18nextify/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/i18next/i18nextify/commit/16f2…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
i18next	i18nextify	Affected: < 4.0.8

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41683 (GCVE-0-2026-41683)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 15:27 – Updated: 2026-05-08 23:29

Title

HTTP response splitting and DoS in i18next-http-middleware via unsanitised Content-Language header

Summary

i18next-http-middleware is a middleware to be used with Node.js web frameworks like express or Fastify and also for Deno. Prior to version 3.9.3, i18next-http-middleware wrote user-controlled language values into the Content-Language response header after passing them through utils.escape(), which is an HTML-entity encoder that does not strip carriage return, line feed, or other control characters. When the application used an older i18next (< 19.5.0) that still exercised the backward-compatibility fallback at LanguageDetector.js:100 or otherwise produced a raw detected value, CRLF sequences in the attacker-controlled lng parameter reached res.setHeader('Content-Language', ...) verbatim. This issue has been patched in version 3.9.3.

Severity

8.6 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-113 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences in HTTP Headers ('HTTP Request/Response Splitting')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/i18next/i18next-http-middlewar…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
i18next	i18next-http-middleware	Affected: < 3.9.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41661 (GCVE-0-2026-41661)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 02:59 – Updated: 2026-05-07 14:58

Title

Admidio: Reflected XSS in msg_window.php via Square Bracket to HTML Tag Conversion

Summary

Admidio is an open-source user management solution. Prior to version 5.0.9, an unauthenticated attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript in any Admidio user's browser through a reflected XSS in system/msg_window.php. The endpoint passes user input through htmlspecialchars(), which does not encode square brackets. A subsequent call to Language::prepareTextPlaceholders() converts those brackets into HTML angle brackets, producing executable markup. This issue has been patched in version 5.0.9.

Severity

6.1 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/Admidio/admidio/security/advis…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/Admidio/admidio/releases/tag/v5.0.9	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Admidio	admidio	Affected: < 5.0.9

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41653 (GCVE-0-2026-41653)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-07 18:43 – Updated: 2026-05-07 19:01

Title

BentoPDF: Stored XSS via Markdown Editor Leading to Persistent File Exfiltration

Summary

BentoPDF is a client-side PDF toolkit that is self hostable. Prior to version 2.8.3, a cross-site scripting vulnerability was identified in BentoPD. An attacker may be able to execute arbitrary JavaScript in certain circumstances in Markdown to PDF Tool. This issue has been patched in version 2.8.3.

Severity

7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/alam00000/bentopdf/security/ad…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/alam00000/bentopdf/releases/ta…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
alam00000	bentopdf	Affected: < 2.8.3

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41610 (GCVE-0-2026-41610)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 16:58 – Updated: 2026-06-19 16:12

Title

Visual Studio Code Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Summary

Improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('cross-site scripting') in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-59 - Improper Link Resolution Before File Access ('Link Following')
CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Assigner

microsoft

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi…	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Microsoft	Visual Studio Code	Affected: 1.0.0 , < 1.119.1 (custom)

Date Public

2026-05-12 14:00

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-41591 (GCVE-0-2026-41591)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 15:22 – Updated: 2026-05-08 21:26

Title

Marko: XSS via case-insensitive script/style closing tag bypass in runtime HTML escaping

Summary

Marko is a declarative, HTML-based language for building web apps. Prior to marko version 5.38.36 and prior to @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164, when dynamic text is interpolated into a <script> or <style> tag the Marko runtime failed to prevent tag breakout when the closing tag used non-lowercase casing. An attacker able to place input inside a <script> or <style> block could break out of the tag with </SCRIPT>, </Style>, etc. and inject arbitrary HTML/JavaScript, resulting in cross-site scripting. This issue has been patched in marko version 5.38.36 and @marko/runtime-tags 6.0.164.

Severity

6.4 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://github.com/marko-js/marko/security/adviso…	x_refsource_CONFIRM

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
marko-js	marko	Affected: marko < 5.38.36 Affected: @marko/runtime-tags < 6.0.164

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation MIT-4

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.

Mitigation

Implementation Architecture and Design

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
HTML body
Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
URIs
JavaScript sections
Cascading Style Sheets and style property

Mitigation MIT-6

Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-27

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.

Mitigation MIT-30.1

Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.

Mitigation MIT-43

Implementation

With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.

Mitigation MIT-31

Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.

Mitigation MIT-5

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.

Mitigation MIT-21

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation MIT-29

Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-16

Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch

An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.

CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS

This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.

CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS

This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.

CAPEC-592: Stored XSS

An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.

CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.

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