Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-79
Weakness AllowedImproper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Technical nuance
There are many variants of cross-site scripting, characterized by a variety of terms or involving different attack topologies. However, they all indicate the same fundamental weakness: improper neutralization of dangerous input between the adversary and a victim.
The attack methods for XSS can vary depending on the type of XSS and the attacker's goal.
Reflected XSS exploits (Type 1) occur when an attacker causes a victim to supply dangerous content to a vulnerable web application, which is then reflected back to the victim and executed by the web browser. The most common mechanism for delivering malicious content is to include it as a parameter in a URL that is posted publicly or e-mailed directly to the victim. URLs constructed in this manner constitute the core of many phishing schemes, whereby an attacker convinces a victim to visit a URL that refers to a vulnerable site. After the site reflects the attacker's content back to the victim, the content is executed by the victim's browser.
In a Stored XSS exploit (Type 2), the optimal place to inject malicious content is in an area that is displayed to either many users or particularly interesting users. Interesting users typically have elevated privileges in the application or interact with sensitive data that is valuable to the attacker. If one of these users executes malicious content, the attacker may be able to perform privileged operations on behalf of the user or gain access to sensitive data belonging to the user. For example, the attacker might inject XSS into a log message, which might not be handled properly when an administrator views the logs.
DOM-based XSS (Type 0) generally involves server-controlled, trusted script that is sent to the client, such as JavaScript that performs sanity checks on a form before the user submits it. If the server-supplied script processes user-supplied data and then injects it back into the web page (such as with dynamic HTML), then DOM-based XSS is possible.
Dimensions
- Behavior-Property: Improper
- Behavior-Type: Neutralization
- Input-Type: Input
- Technology: Web
- Resource-Type: Page
- Behavior-Type: Generation
- Common-Name: Cross-site Scripting
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Implementation
REALIZATION: This weakness is caused during implementation of an architectural security tactic.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Use automated static analysis tools that target this type of weakness. Many modern techniques use data flow analysis to minimize the number of false positives. This is not a perfect solution, since 100% accuracy and coverage are not feasible, especially when multiple components are involved.
Effectiveness: Moderate
Black Box
Use the XSS Cheat Sheet [REF-714] or automated test-generation tools to help launch a wide variety of attacks against your web application. The Cheat Sheet contains many subtle XSS variations that are specifically targeted against weak XSS defenses.
Effectiveness: Moderate
With Stored XSS, the indirection caused by the data store can make it more difficult to find the problem. The tester must first inject the XSS string into the data store, then find the appropriate application functionality in which the XSS string is sent to other users of the application. These are two distinct steps in which the activation of the XSS can take place minutes, hours, or days after the XSS was originally injected into the data store.
Notes
Other
Attackers frequently use a variety of methods to encode the malicious portion of the attack, such as URL encoding or Unicode, so the request looks less suspicious. Phishing attacks could be used to emulate trusted web sites and trick the victim into entering a password, allowing the attacker to compromise the victim's account on that web site.
Other
Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities occur when:
Untrusted data enters a web application, typically from a web request.
The web application dynamically generates a web page that contains this untrusted data.
During page generation, the application does not prevent the data from containing content that is executable by a web browser, such as JavaScript, HTML tags, HTML attributes, mouse events, Flash, ActiveX, etc.
A victim visits the generated web page through a web browser, which contains malicious script that was injected using the untrusted data.
Since the script comes from a web page that was sent by the web server, the victim's web browser executes the malicious script in the context of the web server's domain.
This effectively violates the intention of the web browser's same-origin policy, which states that scripts in one domain should not be able to access resources or run code in a different domain.
Relationship
There can be a close relationship between XSS and CSRF (CWE-352). An attacker might use CSRF in order to trick the victim into submitting requests to the server in which the requests contain an XSS payload. A well-known example of this was the Samy worm on MySpace [REF-956]. The worm used XSS to insert malicious HTML sequences into a user's profile and add the attacker as a MySpace friend. MySpace friends of that victim would then execute the payload to modify their own profiles, causing the worm to propagate exponentially. Since the victims did not intentionally insert the malicious script themselves, CSRF was a root cause.
Applicable Platform
XSS flaws are very common in web applications, since they require a great deal of developer discipline to avoid them.
Content history
Submission: PLOVER
· 2006-07-19
· CWE Draft 3
Contribution: Abhi Balakrishnan
· 2025-03-10
· CWE 4.17
Provided diagram to improve CWE usability.
Modification: Eric Dalci
· Cigital
· 2008-07-01
· CWE 1.0
updated Time_of_Introduction
Modification:
· Veracode
· 2008-08-15
· CWE 1.0
Suggested OWASP Top Ten 2004 mapping
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Background_Details, Common_Consequences, Description, Relationships, Other_Notes, References, Taxonomy_Mappings, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-01-12
· CWE 1.2
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Background_Details, Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Name, Observed_Examples, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-03-10
· CWE 1.3
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-05-27
· CWE 1.4
updated Name
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-07-27
· CWE 1.5
updated Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-10-29
· CWE 1.6
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-12-28
· CWE 1.7
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Detection_Factors, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-02-16
· CWE 1.8
updated Applicable_Platforms, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-04-05
· CWE 1.8.1
updated Description, Potential_Mitigations, Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-06-21
· CWE 1.9
updated Common_Consequences, Description, Name, Potential_Mitigations, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2010-09-27
· CWE 1.10
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-03-29
· CWE 1.12
updated Demonstrative_Examples, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-27
· CWE 2.0
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-09-13
· CWE 2.1
updated Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-10-30
· CWE 2.3
updated Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2015-12-07
· CWE 2.9
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-01-19
· CWE 2.10
updated Related_Attack_Patterns
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-05-03
· CWE 2.11
updated Related_Attack_Patterns, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Applicable_Platforms, Causal_Nature, Demonstrative_Examples, Enabling_Factors_for_Exploitation, Likelihood_of_Exploit, Modes_of_Introduction, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2018-03-27
· CWE 3.1
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Observed_Examples, References, Relationship_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-01-03
· CWE 3.2
updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2019-09-19
· CWE 3.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Applicable_Platforms, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-06-25
· CWE 4.1
updated Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-08-20
· CWE 4.2
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-12-10
· CWE 4.3
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-03-15
· CWE 4.4
updated Demonstrative_Examples, Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-07-20
· CWE 4.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-06-28
· CWE 4.8
updated Observed_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2022-10-13
· CWE 4.9
updated Background_Details, Observed_Examples
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Alternate_Terms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-02-29
· CWE 4.14
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2024-11-19
· CWE 4.16
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-04-03
· CWE 4.17
updated Alternate_Terms, Common_Consequences, Description, Diagram, Other_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-09-09
· CWE 4.18
updated Applicable_Platforms, Observed_Examples, Potential_Mitigations, References
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-04-30
· CWE 4.20
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Alternate_Terms, Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, Dimensions, Name, Other_Notes, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, Technical_Nuance
74010 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-125395 (GCVE-0-2026-125395)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 23:27 – Updated: 2026-11-09 23:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ampache before 8.4.0 Stored XSS via Song Lyrics ID3 Tag
Summary
Ampache before 8.4.0 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability that allows users with upload rights to inject script through unescaped song lyrics in LyricsView.php getLyrics() and show_lyrics.inc.php. Attackers can upload a song whose lyrics ID3 tag contains HTML and script to execute code in the browser of any user viewing the lyrics.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ampache/ampache/commit/94ab846… | patch |
| https://github.com/ampache/ampache | product |
| https://github.com/ampache/ampache/blob/8.3.0/src… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/ampache/ampache/releases/tag/8.4.0 | release-notes |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ampache-befo… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-125392 (GCVE-0-2026-125392)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 23:27 – Updated: 2026-11-09 23:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Webmin through 2.670 Stored XSS via BIND8 edit_recs.cgi ALL View
Summary
Webmin through 2.670 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in bind8/edit_recs.cgi that outputs raw DNS record values without HTML escaping in ALL view mode. Delegated zone users such as Virtualmin domain owners can store record values containing script that executes in an administrator's browser when viewing zone records.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin/commit/224cbd914… | patch |
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin | product |
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin/blob/2.670/bind8… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/webmin-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-09 00:00
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CVE-2026-125389 (GCVE-0-2026-125389)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 23:27 – Updated: 2026-11-09 23:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Group-Office before 6.8.181, 25.0.116, and 26.0.58 Stored XSS via filterXSS Bypass
Summary
Intermesh Group-Office before 6.8.181, 25.0.116, and 26.0.58 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the email viewer due to a flawed regex in StringHelper::filterXSS. Remote attackers can send emails containing tags like svg/onload, which MessagePanel.js renders raw, executing script in the recipient's session when opened.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Intermesh/groupoffice/security… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/Intermesh/groupoffice/blob/v26… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/Intermesh/groupoffice/commit/8… | patch |
| https://github.com/Intermesh/groupoffice/commit/b… | patch |
| https://github.com/Intermesh/groupoffice/commit/f… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/group-office… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intermesh | Group-Office |
Affected:
0 , < 6.8.181
(semver)
Affected: 25.0.0 , < 25.0.116 (semver) Affected: 26.0.0 , < 26.0.58 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:intermesh:group-office:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:intermesh:group-office:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:intermesh:group-office:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-11-09 00:00
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CVE-2026-125112 (GCVE-0-2026-125112)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 22:08 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
djust: A template binding inherits a context safety grant it never earned (XSS)
Summary
djust provides Phoenix LiveView-style reactive server-side rendering for Django with Rust-powered performance. Prior to versions 1.0.10 and 1.1.2, djust keys context output-safety grants by variable name and fails to revoke a grant when a template bind replaces the value associated with that name. A template using {% with %}, {% for %}, {% include ... with %}, tuple unpacking, or assign tags can therefore rebind a name that previously held mark_safe content and emit the new attacker-controlled value without escaping, including descendant lookups through the rebound name. This can cause stored or reflected cross-site scripting when a victim renders the affected template. This issue is fixed in versions 1.0.10 and 1.1.2.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/djust-org/djust/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/djust-org/djust/pull/2444 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/djust-org/djust/commit/06d213d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/djust-org/djust/commit/5288e5d… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/djust-org/djust/releases/tag/v1.0.10 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/djust-org/djust/releases/tag/v1.1.2 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-125082 (GCVE-0-2026-125082)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-10 00:30 – Updated: 2026-11-10 00:30 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sunkaifei FlyCMS Content Rendering detail.html ModelDataService.insertData cross site scripting
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in sunkaifei FlyCMS up to e71738e0cfb7ffd48c2ce74242a2dbb43f84f25a. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ModelDataService.insertData of the file articles/detail.html of the component Content Rendering. Performing a manipulation of the argument content results in cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The patch is named 714521a9262e7bc9ca5713c873f57e96a4845352. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.
Severity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/433192 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/433192/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-125082 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1041301 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sunkaifei/FlyCms/issues/18 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sunkaifei/FlyCms/commit/714521… | patch |
| https://github.com/sunkaifei/FlyCms/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-124637 (GCVE-0-2026-124637)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 09:15 – Updated: 2026-11-09 09:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in Tankuam Places
Summary
A stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability was identified in the profile editing form, in the parameters: cliNom and cliCognoms, in a request to https://www.luxorgymtarrega.com/dadespersonals/modificarClient/ID. User-provided data is neither validated nor escaped before being displayed in the HTML response and stored in the database, allowing arbitrary JavaScript code to be executed in the victim’s browser.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('cross-site scripting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kompini | Tankuam Places |
Affected:
versions prior to app.00007.00005 (December 2025)
cpe:2.3:a:kompini:tankuam_places:versions_prior_to_app.00007.00005_december_2025_:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-11-09 09:14
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CVE-2026-124570 (GCVE-0-2026-124570)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 05:30 – Updated: 2026-11-09 22:44 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Online Leave Management System Employee Avatar Upload Extension Master.php cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in SourceCodester Online Leave Management System 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file app/classes/Master.php of the component Employee Avatar Upload Extension. Performing a manipulation of the argument employee avatar filename results in cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is now public and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-09 22:39 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432916 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432916/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-124570 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1035914 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/cm126261/CVE/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Online Leave Management System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_leave_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-124552 (GCVE-0-2026-124552)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-08 13:52 – Updated: 2026-11-08 13:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Webmin through 2.670 Stored XSS via Shorewall and Shorewall6 list.cgi
Summary
Webmin through 2.670 contains a stored cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Shorewall and Shorewall6 modules' list.cgi, which renders table fields and COMMENT lines unescaped. Authenticated users with table edit permission can store JavaScript via savecmt.cgi or table entries that executes when other users, including root, view the list page.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin/issues/2908 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin | product |
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin/commit/01b988dbf… | patch |
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin/blob/2.670/shore… | technical-description |
| https://github.com/webmin/webmin/blob/2.670/shore… | technical-description |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/webmin-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-124506 (GCVE-0-2026-124506)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 00:45 – Updated: 2026-11-09 00:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dianping CAT Report hourlyReport.tag Model.getDomain cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Dianping CAT 3.0.0/3.1.0/4.0-RC1. This vulnerability affects the function Model.getDomain of the file WEB-INF/tags/hourlyReport.tag of the component Report Handler. The manipulation of the argument domain leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432810 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432810/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-124506 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1035481 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-124498 (GCVE-0-2026-124498)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-08 23:00 – Updated: 2026-11-08 23:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Convene Azeus Convene Board Management Portal dummy_launcher.jsp cross site scripting
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Convene Azeus Convene Board Management Portal 7.0.2.7_3 p72. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /jsp/ge/dummy_launcher.jsp. Executing a manipulation of the argument REDIRECT_URL can lead to cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432803 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/432803/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-124498 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1028582 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/OmarXtream/f6c5151914d621… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Convene | Azeus Convene Board Management Portal |
Affected:
7.0.2.7_3 p72
cpe:2.3:a:convene:azeus_convene_board_management_portal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
- For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
- Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
- HTML body
- Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
- URIs
- JavaScript sections
- Cascading Style Sheets and style property
- etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
- Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
- Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.
CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.
CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.
CAPEC-592: Stored XSS
An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.
CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.