Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5380 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-32183 (GCVE-0-2026-32183)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-14 16:57 – Updated: 2026-06-19 16:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Windows Snipping Tool Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows Snipping Tool allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
21 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9060
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8644
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7184
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
Affected:
10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7184
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H3 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6936
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 23H2 |
Affected:
10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.6936
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 24H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8246
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 Version 25H2 |
Affected:
10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8246
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 26H1 |
Affected:
10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.1836
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26026
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26026
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23132
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23132
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9060
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9060
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8644
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8644
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
Affected:
10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5020
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.25398.0 , < 10.0.25398.2274
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32690
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Affected:
10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32690
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-04-14 14:00
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CVE-2026-32063 (GCVE-0-2026-32063)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-11 13:32 – Updated: 2026-03-11 14:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw 2026.2.19-2 < 2026.2.21 - Command Injection via Newline in systemd Unit Generation
Summary
OpenClaw version 2026.2.19-2 prior to 2026.2.21 contains a command injection vulnerability in systemd unit file generation where attacker-controlled environment values are not validated for CR/LF characters, allowing newline injection to break out of Environment= lines and inject arbitrary systemd directives. An attacker who can influence config.env.vars and trigger service install or restart can execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the OpenClaw gateway service user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/61f64… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-com… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-02-21 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2026-30898 (GCVE-0-2026-30898)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-18 06:20 – Updated: 2026-04-22 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow: Bad example of BashOperator shell injection via dag_run.conf
Summary
An example of BashOperator in Airflow documentation suggested a way of passing dag_run.conf in the way that could cause unsanitized user input to be used to escalate privileges of UI user to allow execute code on worker. Users should review if any of their own DAGs have adopted this incorrect advice.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow |
Affected:
0 , < 3.2.0
(semver)
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-27811 (GCVE-0-2026-27811)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-17 23:43 – Updated: 2026-03-18 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Roxy-WI has a Command Injection via diff parameter in config comparison allows authenticated RCE
Summary
Roxy-WI is a web interface for managing Haproxy, Nginx, Apache and Keepalived servers. Prior to version 8.2.6.3, a command injection vulnerability exists in the `/config/compare/<service>/<server_ip>/show` endpoint, allowed authenticated users to execute arbitrary system commands on the app host. The vulnerability exists in `app/modules/config/config.py` on line 362, where user input is directly formatted in the template string that is eventually executed. Version 8.2.6.3 fixes the issue.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/roxy-wi/roxy-wi/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/roxy-wi/roxy-wi/commit/a10ac73… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/roxy-wi/roxy-wi/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-27001 (GCVE-0-2026-27001)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 23:10 – Updated: 2026-02-20 15:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw: Unsanitized CWD path injection into LLM prompts
Summary
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/6254e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-26136 (GCVE-0-2026-26136)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 21:06 – Updated: 2026-06-19 18:18 Exclusively Hosted Service
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Microsoft Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Copilot |
Affected:
-
|
Date Public
2026-03-19 14:00
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CVE-2026-26133 (GCVE-0-2026-26133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-13 21:10 – Updated: 2026-06-19 18:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
M365 Copilot Information Disclosure Vulnerability
Summary
AI command injection in M365 Copilot allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
20 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot for Android |
Affected:
1.0 , < 16.0.19815.10000
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft 365 Copilot for iOS |
Affected:
1.0 , < 2.107.2
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Edge for Android |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 145.3800.99
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Edge for iOS |
Affected:
1.0.0.0 , < 145.3800.99
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Excel for Android |
Affected:
16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.19822.20038
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Excel for iOS |
Affected:
1.0 , < 2.106.26020617
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Loop for iOS |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.106.26020617
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft OneNote |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 2.106.26020617
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft OneNote for Android |
Affected:
16.0.1 , < 16.0.19725.20142
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Outlook for Android |
Affected:
1.0 , < 5.2605
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Outlook for iOS |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 5.2605
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Outlook for Mac |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 5.2605
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft PowerBI for Android |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.2.260210.21290750
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft PowerBI for iOS |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.2.260302.2193910
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft PowerPoint for Android |
Affected:
16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.19822.20038
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft PowerPoint for iOS |
Affected:
1.0 , < 2.106.26020617
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Teams for Android |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.0.0.2026043102
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Teams for iOS |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 8.3.1
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Word for Android |
Affected:
16.0.0.0 , < 16.0.19822.20038
(custom)
|
|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Word for iOS |
Affected:
2.0.0 , < 2.106.26020617
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-03-12 14:00
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CVE-2026-26093 (GCVE-0-2026-26093)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 16:49 – Updated: 2026-02-20 23:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') in Owl opds
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') in Owl opds 2.2.0.4 allows Command Injection via a crafted network request.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability… | third-party-advisory |
Credits
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CVE-2026-26068 (GCVE-0-2026-26068)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 22:01 – Updated: 2026-02-13 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
emp3r0r Agent-Controlled Metadata to Operator RCE (tmux Command Injection)
Summary
emp3r0r is a stealth-focused C2 designed by Linux users for Linux environments. Prior to 3.21.1, untrusted agent metadata (Transport, Hostname) is accepted during check-in and later interpolated into tmux shell command strings executed via /bin/sh -c. This enables command injection and remote code execution on the operator host. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.21.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/commit/0cd64e4… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/jm33-m0/emp3r0r/releases/tag/v3.21.1 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-26015 (GCVE-0-2026-26015)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-29 17:37 – Updated: 2026-05-06 19:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Unauthenticated RCE in DocsGPT MCP STDIO Configuration
Summary
DocsGPT is a GPT-powered chat for documentation. From version 0.15.0 to before version 0.16.0, an attacker accessing both the official DocsGPT website or any local and public deployment, can craft a malicious payload bypassing the "MCP test" behavior to achieve arbitrary remote code execution (RCE). This issue has been patched in version 0.16.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
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{
"url": "https://www.ox.security/blog/mcp-supply-chain-advisory-rce-vulnerabilities-across-the-ai-ecosystem/"
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{
"url": "https://www.ox.security/blog/the-mother-of-all-ai-supply-chains-critical-systemic-vulnerability-at-the-core-of-the-mcp/"
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"cna": {
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"product": "DocsGPT",
"vendor": "arc53",
"versions": [
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"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 0.15.0, \u003c 0.16.0"
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}
],
"metrics": [
{
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"baseScore": 10,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
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"references": [
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"name": "https://github.com/arc53/DocsGPT/security/advisories/GHSA-gcrq-f296-2j74",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.