Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5379 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-42453 (GCVE-0-2026-42453)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 22:55 – Updated: 2026-05-11 17:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Termix: Command injection in extractArchive/compressFiles via double-quote escaping bypass
Summary
Termix is a web-based server management platform with SSH terminal, tunneling, and file editing capabilities. Prior to version 2.1.0, the extractArchive and compressFiles endpoints in file-manager.ts use double-quoted strings for shell command construction, unlike all other file manager operations which use single-quote escaping. Double quotes allow $(command) substitution, enabling command injection on the remote SSH host. This issue has been patched in version 2.1.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Termix-SSH/Termix/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Termix-SSH/Termix/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Termix-SSH | Termix |
Affected:
< 2.1.0
|
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CVE-2026-42271 (GCVE-0-2026-42271)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:35 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints
Summary
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.74.2 to before version 1.83.7, two endpoints used to preview an MCP server before saving it — POST /mcp-rest/test/connection and POST /mcp-rest/test/tools/list — accepted a full server configuration in the request body, including the command, args, and env fields used by the stdio transport. When called with a stdio configuration, the endpoints attempted to connect, which spawned the supplied command as a subprocess on the proxy host with the privileges of the proxy process. The endpoints were gated only by a valid proxy API key, with no role check. Any authenticated user — including holders of low-privilege internal-user keys — could therefore run arbitrary commands on the host. This issue has been patched in version 1.83.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/BerriAI/litellm/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-42271 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2467924 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
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| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28960 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30056 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:27784 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BerriAI | litellm |
Affected:
>= 1.74.2, < 1.83.7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1781826406 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1782310008 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1781622627 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Exploit Intelligence |
cpe:/a:redhat:exploit_intelligence:0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
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CVE-2026-42258 (GCVE-0-2026-42258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-09 19:40 – Updated: 2026-07-15 02:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net-imap: Command Injection via unvalidated Symbol inputs
Summary
Net::IMAP implements Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) client functionality in Ruby. Prior to versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4, symbol arguments to commands are vulnerable to a CRLF Injection / IMAP Command injection via Symbol arguments passed to IMAP commands. This issue has been patched in versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
26 references
Impacted products
29 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ruby | net-imap |
Affected:
< 0.4.24
Affected: >= 0.5.0, < 0.5.14 Affected: >= 0.6.0, < 0.6.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:4.0.3-35.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
0:3.3.10-13.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.3.10-11.el10_0.2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support |
Unaffected:
0:2.0.0.648-39.el7_9.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
8100020260615131019.489197e6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
Unaffected:
8100020260615131010.489197e6 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
8040020260630124058.522a0ee4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
8040020260630124058.522a0ee4 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support |
Unaffected:
8060020260630123825.ad008a3a , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On |
Unaffected:
8060020260630123825.ad008a3a , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service |
Unaffected:
8080020260625114827.63b34585 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
8080020260625114827.63b34585 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
0:3.0.7-167.el9_8 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
9080020260615131001.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
9080020260619130154.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:3.0.4-161.el9_2.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
0:3.0.7-162.el9_4.3 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions |
Unaffected:
9040020260630065449.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
0:3.0.7-165.el9_6.1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
9060020260630075016.9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
3.3.10-23.2.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
3.4.9-31.4.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
4.0.5-35.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat 3scale API Management Platform 2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3 |
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CVE-2026-42257 (GCVE-0-2026-42257)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-09 19:39 – Updated: 2026-05-13 19:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
net-imap: Command Injection via "raw" arguments to multiple commands
Summary
Net::IMAP implements Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) client functionality in Ruby. Prior to versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4, several Net::IMAP commands accept a raw string argument that is sent to the server without validation or escaping. If this string is derived from user-controlled input, it may contain contain CRLF sequences, which an attacker can use to inject arbitrary IMAP commands. This issue has been patched in versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.4.24 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.5.14 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ruby/net-imap/releases/tag/v0.6.4 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-41953 (GCVE-0-2026-41953)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 14:12 – Updated: 2026-05-14 03:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BIG-IP Privilege Escalation vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability exists in BIG-IP systems where a highly privileged, authenticated attacker with at least the Resource Administrator role can modify configuration objects resulting in privilege escalation. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000160975 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-13 14:00
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CVE-2026-41611 (GCVE-0-2026-41611)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 16:58 – Updated: 2026-06-19 16:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Visual Studio Code Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Summary
Improper neutralization of script-related html tags in a web page (basic xss) in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Visual Studio Code |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.119.1
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-05-12 14:00
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CVE-2026-41501 (GCVE-0-2026-41501)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 02:51 – Updated: 2026-05-08 11:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
electerm has Command Injection Vulnerability via runLinux function
Summary
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.3.8, a command injection vulnerability exists in github.com/elcterm/electerm/npm/install.js:130. The runLinux() function appends attacker-controlled remote version strings directly into an exec("rm -rf ...") command without validation. This issue has been patched in version 3.3.8.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/59708… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41500 (GCVE-0-2026-41500)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 02:53 – Updated: 2026-05-08 23:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
electerm has Command Injection Vulnerability via runMac function
Summary
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. Prior to version 3.3.8, a command injection vulnerability exists in github.com/elcterm/electerm/npm/install.js:150. The runMac() function appends attacker-controlled remote releaseInfo.name directly into an exec("open ...") command without validation. This issue has been patched in version 3.3.8.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/commit/59708… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-41497 (GCVE-0-2026-41497)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 13:23 – Updated: 2026-05-08 14:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Incomplete fix for CVE-2026-34935: Command Injection in MervinPraison/PraisonAI
Summary
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.9, the fix for PraisonAI's MCP command handling does not add a command allowlist or argument validation to parse_mcp_command(), allowing arbitrary executables like bash, python, or /bin/sh with inline code execution flags to pass through to subprocess execution. This issue has been patched in version 4.6.9.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MervinPraison | PraisonAI |
Affected:
< 4.6.9
|
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CVE-2026-41304 (GCVE-0-2026-41304)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-21 23:07 – Updated: 2026-04-22 18:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WWBN AVideo vulnerable to RCE caused by clonesite plugin
Summary
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. In versions 29.0 and below, the `cloneServer.json.php` endpoint in the CloneSite plugin constructs shell commands using user-controlled input (`url` parameter) without proper sanitization. The input is directly concatenated into a `wget` command executed via `exec()`, allowing command injection. An attacker can inject arbitrary shell commands by breaking out of the intended URL context using shell metacharacters (e.g., `;`). This leads to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on the server. Commit 473c609fc2defdea8b937b00e86ce88eba1f15bb contains a fix.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/473c609fc2d… | x_refsource_MISC |
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"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-xr6f-h4x7-r6qp",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-xr6f-h4x7-r6qp"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/473c609fc2defdea8b937b00e86ce88eba1f15bb",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/commit/473c609fc2defdea8b937b00e86ce88eba1f15bb"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-xr6f-h4x7-r6qp",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "WWBN AVideo vulnerable to RCE caused by clonesite plugin"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-41304",
"datePublished": "2026-04-21T23:07:48.585Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-04-20T14:01:46.670Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-22T18:35:47.574Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.