Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-776
AllowedImproper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.
153 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-78681 (GCVE-0-2026-78681)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 01:30 – Updated: 2026-08-25 01:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
NLTK before 3.10.3 Entity Expansion DoS via ElementTree
Summary
NLTK versions before 3.10.3 use xml.etree.ElementTree to parse XML in multiple modules, which honors entity declarations in document DTDs. Attackers can craft XML payloads with nested entity declarations that expand from hundreds of bytes to megabytes in memory, causing denial of service.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nltk/nltk/security/advisories/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nltk-before-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-08-11 00:00
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CVE-2026-73569 (GCVE-0-2026-73569)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 17:45 – Updated: 2026-08-13 18:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fast-xml-parser: Repeated DOCTYPE declarations reset entity expansion limits
Summary
fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. From 5.9.3 until 5.10.1, src/xmlparser/OrderedObjParser.js processes multiple DOCTYPE declarations within a single XML document and passes each declaration's entities through addInputEntities(). addInputEntities() resets maxTotalExpansions and maxExpandedLength every time it is called, allowing additional DOCTYPE declarations to repeatedly reset the configured entity-expansion limits during one parse operation. A crafted XML document can then cause excessive CPU use, event-loop blocking, memory exhaustion, and process termination. This issue is fixed in version 5.10.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 18:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-p… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-p… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaturalIntelligence | fast-xml-parser |
Affected:
>= 5.9.3, < 5.10.1
|
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CVE-2026-45771 (GCVE-0-2026-45771)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 15:51 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:24
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Freeswitch Denial-of-Service in SIP PUBLISH Requests via XML Entity Expansion
Summary
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to version 1.11.0, FreeSWITCH's bundled XML parser expands nested <!ENTITY> declarations without a depth or count bound, so a small DTD can describe a body that expands exponentially ("billion laughs"). The PIDF body of a SIP PUBLISH is fed to this parser before any digest check, letting an unauthenticated network attacker force unbounded CPU and memory consumption with a single request. This issue has been patched in version 1.11.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-09 18:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/signalwire/freeswitch/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| signalwire | freeswitch |
Affected:
< 1.11.0
|
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CVE-2026-45304 (GCVE-0-2026-45304)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 18:48 – Updated: 2026-07-14 19:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Symfony: YAML Parser Exponential Memory Allocation via Recursive Collection-Alias Expansion ("Billion Laughs")
Summary
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, Symfony\Component\Yaml\Parser resolved YAML collection aliases recursively, allowing a small untrusted YAML input to expand into a multi-gigabyte structure and exhaust memory. This issue is fixed in versions 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 19:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/commit/e77391b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v5.4.52 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v6.4.40 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v7.4.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v8.0.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2026-45133 (GCVE-0-2026-45133)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 18:45 – Updated: 2026-07-15 13:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Symfony: [Yaml] Harden the parser when handling untrusted input
Summary
Symfony is a PHP framework for web and console applications and a set of reusable PHP components. Prior to 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12, when the parser is exposed to attacker-controlled input, deeply nested mappings or sequences cause both the block-level (Parser::parseBlock()) and inline (Inline::parseSequence() / Inline::parseMapping()) parsers to recurse without a depth limit. A crafted document exhausts the PHP stack and crashes the worker. This issue is fixed in versions 5.4.52, 6.4.40, 7.4.12, and 8.0.12.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 13:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v5.4.52 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v6.4.40 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v7.4.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/symfony/symfony/releases/tag/v8.0.12 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-44020 (GCVE-0-2026-44020)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 17:45 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Docling: Unsafe XML Entity Expansion in USPTO Patent Backend
Summary
Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.13.0 until 2.74.0, the USPTO patent XML parser used the standard xml.sax.parseString() without protection against XML External Entity (XXE) attacks. An attacker could craft malicious USPTO patent XML files with external entity references that could read arbitrary files from the server filesystem, perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks, or cause denial of service through entity expansion (Billion Laughs attack). The vulnerability affects three USPTO patent format parsers: ICE (v4.x), Grant v2.5, and Application v1.x. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.74.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
9.4 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-25 17:07 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/docling-project/docling/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-44020 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2492456 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| docling-project | docling |
Affected:
>= 2.13.0, < 2.74.0
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
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CVE-2026-44018 (GCVE-0-2026-44018)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 15:40 – Updated: 2026-06-26 19:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Docling: Unsafe Archive Extraction and XML Parsing in METS-GBS Backend
Summary
Docling simplifies document processing by parsing diverse formats and providing integrations with the generative AI ecosystem. From 2.45.0 until 2.91.0, the METS-GBS backend's XML parsing and the input document format detection lacked security controls. An attacker could craft malicious METS-GBS archives that, when processed, could read sensitive files, exhaust system resources, or cause application crashes. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.91.0.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-26 19:10 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/docling-project/docling/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/docling-project/docling/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| docling-project | docling |
Affected:
>= 2.45.0, < 2.91.0
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CVE-2026-42212 (GCVE-0-2026-42212)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 21:35 – Updated: 2026-05-11 14:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE: XML External Entity (XXE) and billion-laughs DoS in VMID parser
Summary
SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE is an unofficial, independently developed extension, Postprocessor IDE for SolidCAM. From version 1.0.0 to before version 1.0.2, Opening a .gpp file in the SolidCAM Postprocessor IDE extension causes the language server to parse a companion .vmid file from the same directory (naming convention: foo.gpp to foo.vmid). The VMID parser called XDocument.Load(path) without any XmlReaderSettings, inheriting the framework defaults which in .NET 8 allow DTD processing. A malicious .vmid file could therefore: disclose local files via external entity references, exhaust memory via recursive entity expansion, and cause denial of service via oversized or deeply nested XML. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-11 14:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/anzory/SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE/secur… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/anzory/SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE/commi… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/anzory/SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE/blob/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/anzory/SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE/relea… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| anzory | SolidCAM-GPPL-IDE |
Affected:
>= 1.0.0, < 1.0.2
|
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CVE-2026-40260 (GCVE-0-2026-40260)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-16 23:18 – Updated: 2026-04-17 18:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pypdf: Manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. In versions prior to 6.10.0, manipulated XMP metadata entity declarations can exhaust RAM. An attacker who exploits this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires parsing the XMP metadata. This issue has been fixed in version 6.10.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-17 18:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3724 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/commit/b15a374e5c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.10.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-33036 (GCVE-0-2026-33036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 05:17 – Updated: 2026-03-25 13:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
fast-xml-parser affected by numeric entity expansion bypassing all entity expansion limits (incomplete fix for CVE-2026-26278)
Summary
fast-xml-parser allows users to process XML from JS object without C/C++ based libraries or callbacks. Versions 4.0.0-beta.3 through 5.5.5 contain a bypass vulnerability where numeric character references (&#NNN;, &#xHH;) and standard XML entities completely evade the entity expansion limits (e.g., maxTotalExpansions, maxExpandedLength) added to fix CVE-2026-26278, enabling XML entity expansion Denial of Service. The root cause is that replaceEntitiesValue() in OrderedObjParser.js only enforces expansion counting on DOCTYPE-defined entities while the lastEntities loop handling numeric/standard entities performs no counting at all. An attacker supplying 1M numeric entity references like A can force ~147MB of memory allocation and heavy CPU usage, potentially crashing the process—even when developers have configured strict limits. This issue has been fixed in version 5.5.6.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-25 13:57 UTC
CWE
- CWE-776 - Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-p… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/NaturalIntelligence/fast-xml-p… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaturalIntelligence | fast-xml-parser |
Affected:
>= 4.0.0-beta.3, < 5.5.6
|
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Mitigation
Operation
If possible, prohibit the use of DTDs or use an XML parser that limits the expansion of recursive DTD entities.
Mitigation
Implementation
Before parsing XML files with associated DTDs, scan for recursive entity declarations and do not continue parsing potentially explosive content.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.