Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-322
Weakness AllowedKey Exchange without Entity Authentication
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product performs a key exchange with an actor without verifying the identity of that actor.
Mapping guidance
This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.
Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.
Relationships and members
Modes of introduction
Architecture and Design
OMISSION: This weakness is caused by missing a security tactic during the architecture and design phase.
Detection methods
Automated Static Analysis
Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)
Content history
Submission: CLASP
· 2006-07-19
· CWE Draft 3
Modification: Eric Dalci
· Cigital
· 2008-07-01
· CWE 1.0
updated Time_of_Introduction
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-09-08
· CWE 1.0
updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Other_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-10
· CWE 1.1
clarified the description
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2008-10-14
· CWE 1.0.1
updated Description, Other_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2009-07-27
· CWE 1.5
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-01
· CWE 1.13
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2011-06-27
· CWE 2.0
updated Common_Consequences
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2012-05-11
· CWE 2.2
updated References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-02-21
· CWE 2.4
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2013-07-17
· CWE 2.5
updated Applicable_Platforms, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2014-07-30
· CWE 2.8
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2017-11-08
· CWE 3.0
updated Modes_of_Introduction, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2020-02-24
· CWE 4.0
updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Description, References, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2021-10-28
· CWE 4.6
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-01-31
· CWE 4.10
updated Description, Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-04-27
· CWE 4.11
updated Relationships
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2023-06-29
· CWE 4.12
updated Mapping_Notes
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2025-12-11
· CWE 4.19
updated Detection_Factors, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities
Modification: CWE Content Team
· MITRE
· 2026-10-28
· CWE 5.0
updated Background_Details, Common_Consequences, Description
60 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-107675 (GCVE-0-2026-107675)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-08 15:28 – Updated: 2026-10-08 18:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 Missing SSH Host Key Verification in sftp Protocol
Summary
FFmpeg through 9.0.2 contains a missing host key verification vulnerability in the libssh-based sftp protocol handler that allows network attackers to impersonate SFTP servers. Attackers performing man-in-the-middle, DNS, or ARP spoofing can capture passwords supplied in sftp URLs, serve forged media, or receive uploaded output.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-08 18:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/pulls/24384 | patch |
| https://code.ffmpeg.org/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/commit/2b82… | patch |
| https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/n9.0.2/liba… | technical-description |
| https://ffmpeg.org/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ffmpeg-throu… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-09-06 16:21
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CVE-2026-94423 (GCVE-0-2026-94423)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 21:22 – Updated: 2026-10-30 17:22
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Net::LibSSH versions before 0.004 for Perl authenticate to an unverified server because connect never checks the host key against known_hosts
Summary
Net::LibSSH versions before 0.004 for Perl authenticate to an unverified server because connect never checks the host key against known_hosts.
connect reports success as soon as ssh_connect returns SSH_OK. libssh leaves the known-hosts check to the application, and this binding never makes it, so the strict_hostkeycheck and knownhosts options are set on the session and then decide nothing.
Password, agent and public-key authentication, channel and SFTP operations all run on a session whose peer was never identified, so an attacker who can redirect the connection receives the password when password authentication is used, and commands and data sent over the session.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 17:22 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
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CVE-2026-94140 (GCVE-0-2026-94140)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 21:22 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Rex versions through 1.16.1 for Perl accept an unknown SSH host key for remote rsync transfers because sync hardcodes StrictHostKeyChecking=no
Summary
Rex versions through 1.16.1 for Perl accept an unknown SSH host key for remote rsync transfers because sync hardcodes StrictHostKeyChecking=no.
Every remote branch of sync builds its ssh command with that option, for password authentication, for private-key authentication and for the fallback. The ssh options a caller sets through set_openssh_opt reach the OpenSSH transport but not this command, so there is no configuration that restores host key checking for the transfer.
An attacker who can redirect the connection before the real host key is known presents their own and the transfer proceeds: under password authentication sync sends the connection password to that server, an upload writes the selected local files to it, and a download writes what it returns to the local destination.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 15:52 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://metacpan.org/release/FERKI/Rex-1.16.1/sou… | technical-description |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/1… |
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CVE-2026-94135 (GCVE-0-2026-94135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 21:40 – Updated: 2026-10-16 14:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow SFTP provider: Async SFTP hook disables host-key verification by default
Summary
The Apache Airflow SFTP provider's deferrable code paths (`SFTPTrigger`, `SFTPHookAsync`, `SFTPClientPool`) disable SSH host-key verification by default unless the connection explicitly sets `no_host_key_check` to false. Deployments that run SFTP sensors or operators in deferrable mode are affected. An attacker in a machine-in-the-middle position between the triggerer and the SFTP server can impersonate the server and capture the credentials or data exchanged.
Users of apache-airflow-providers-sftp are recommended to upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 or later. This is a separate defect from CVE-2026-94134 (the synchronous SSH hook default, which also affects the SFTP hook); users who applied the fix for one also need this release for the other - apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 fixes both.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 14:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/73419 | patch |
| https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-94134 | related |
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/jbzs97t9y1zd1yp5r… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow SFTP provider |
Affected:
0 , < 7.0.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-94134 (GCVE-0-2026-94134)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-15 21:39 – Updated: 2026-10-16 14:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow SSH provider, Apache Airflow SFTP provider: SSH hook disables host-key verification by default
Summary
The Apache Airflow SSH provider hook disables SSH host-key verification by default: unless `host_key` is configured or `no_host_key_check` is explicitly set to false, it accepts any server key. This affects SSH and SFTP connections that rely on the default. An attacker in a machine-in-the-middle position between the worker and the SSH or SFTP server can impersonate the server and capture the credentials or data a task sends.
Users of apache-airflow-providers-ssh and apache-airflow-providers-sftp are recommended to upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-ssh 7.0.0 and apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 or later. The deferrable SFTP code paths had the same default and are covered separately by CVE-2026-94135; apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 fixes both.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 14:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/apache/airflow/pull/73419 | patch |
| https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-94135 | related |
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/ksr1lztvd3zr74f8x… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow SSH provider |
Affected:
0 , < 7.0.0
(semver)
|
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow SFTP provider |
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CVE-2026-89422 (GCVE-0-2026-89422)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-22 08:49 – Updated: 2026-09-22 13:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS 1.3 client skips server authentication when ServerHello carries an unsolicited pre_shared_key extension
Summary
Key Exchange without Entity Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl allows a peer that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection to impersonate the intended server. A pre_shared_key extension in the ServerHello that the client never offered causes the client to complete the handshake without validating the server's certificate, so ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket} against a peer holding no certificate, no private key and no prior session.
tls_client_connection_1_3:handle_server_hello/2 passes the received extension to tls_gen_connection_1_3:handle_resumption/2, which sets resumption = true on its mere presence without checking that the client offered a PSK. tls_handshake_1_3:get_pre_shared_key/4 meanwhile falls back to the all-zero "no PSK" value and keys the handshake with the ordinary non-PSK schedule, so the attacker's own ephemeral key suffices. The resumption flag then routes maybe_resumption/1 straight to wait_finished, skipping the certificate-handling states, so certificate path validation, verify_fun, hostname verification, partial_chain, CRL checking and OCSP stapling are all bypassed. The default client configuration is affected; clients restricted to TLS 1.2 are not.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 27.3.4.18, OTP 28.5.0.7, and OTP 29.1.1, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.2.12.13, 11.6.0.6, and 11.7.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-22 13:08 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
8 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
22.2 , < *
(otp)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
9.5 , < *
(otp)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
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(git)
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CVE-2026-77703 (GCVE-0-2026-77703)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-24 14:38 – Updated: 2026-09-24 14:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SSH Host Key Verification Bypass in HAVELSAN's Liman Render Engine
Summary
Key exchange without entity authentication vulnerability in HAVELSAN Inc. Liman Render Engine allows Adversary in the Middle (AiTM).
This issue affects Liman Render Engine: from 1.0 before 1.2-75.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-24 14:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key exchange without entity authentication
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HAVELSAN Inc. | Liman Render Engine |
Affected:
1.0 , < 1.2-75
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-09-24 14:10
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CVE-2026-58065 (GCVE-0-2026-58065)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-13 15:00 – Updated: 2026-09-16 15:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow Git provider: Git provider hook defaults to StrictHostKeyChecking=no, disabling SSH host-key verification
Summary
The Apache Airflow Git provider runs its git-over-SSH operations with `StrictHostKeyChecking=no` by default, disabling SSH host-key verification. An attacker who can intercept the network path between an Airflow worker and the Git server can impersonate the server (man-in-the-middle), capturing the SSH deploy key or injecting malicious repository content. Deployments that use the Git DAG bundle or Git provider to clone over SSH with a deploy key are affected. The fix changes the default to verify host keys; upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-git `0.4.1` or later and configure a `known_hosts` file.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 13:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow Git provider |
Affected:
0 , < 0.4.1
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CVE-2026-45361 (GCVE-0-2026-45361)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-25 09:34 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Airflow Google provider: SSH host key verification disabled in ComputeEngineSSHHook (paramiko AutoAddPolicy default)
Summary
Apache Airflow providers-google's `ComputeEngineSSHHook` disables SSH host-key verification by default, exposing SSH traffic between an Airflow worker and a Compute Engine VM to in-path network attackers who can intercept or modify the session. Users are advised to upgrade to `apache-airflow-providers-google` 22.0.0 or later.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-26 14:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-322 - Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Assigner
References
3 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Airflow Google provider |
Affected:
0 , < 22.0.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-44467 (GCVE-0-2026-44467)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 15:40 – Updated: 2026-05-14 18:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Claude Desktop: SSH Host Key Verification Bypass Allows Man-in-the-Middle Attack on Remote Sessions
Summary
The Claude Desktop app gives you Claude Code with a graphical interface built for running multiple sessions side by side. From 1.2581.0 to before 1.4304.0, Claude Desktop's SSH remote development feature verified only whether a hostname existed in ~/.ssh/known_hosts without comparing the server's presented host key against the stored key. This allowed a network-positioned attacker to present an arbitrary SSH host key and have the connection silently accepted, enabling a man-in-the-middle attack on remote development sessions. Successful exploitation required the attacker to be in a network position to intercept SSH traffic (e.g., via ARP spoofing, rogue Wi-Fi, or DNS poisoning) and the target hostname to already have an entry in the victim's known_hosts file. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4304.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-14 18:28 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/anthropics/claude-code/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| anthropics | claude-code |
Affected:
>= 1.2581.0, < 1.4304.0
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that proper authentication is included in the system design.
Mitigation
Implementation
Understand and properly implement all checks necessary to ensure the identity of entities involved in encrypted communications.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.