Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-306

Allowed

Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

3967 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GCVE-1337-2026-000000000… (CVE-2026-7415)

Vulnerability from gna-1337 – Published: 2026-05-07 16:11 – Updated: 2026-05-07 17:04
VLAI
Title
Open MQTT orchestration without read/write ACLs in Yarbo robot firmware
Summary
The MQTT broker embedded in Yarbo firmware v2.3.9 is configured to allow anonymous connections with no topic-level read or write ACLs. Any host on the same network can subscribe to sensitive telemetry topics or publish control messages directly to the robot without authentication or authorization of any kind.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-07 17:04 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing authentication for critical function
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Yarbo Firmware Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.3.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-07 16:00

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CVE-2026-78434 (GCVE-0-2026-78434)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 21:30 – Updated: 2026-08-24 21:30
VLAI
Title
Faveo Helpdesk post-ticket-reply Endpoint FormController.php post_ticket_reply missing authentication
Summary
A flaw has been found in Faveo Helpdesk up to 2.0.3. This impacts the function FormController::post_ticket_reply of the file app/Http/Controllers/Client/helpdesk/FormController.php of the component post-ticket-reply Endpoint. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
CWE
References
URL Tags
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394712 vdb-entrytechnical-description
https://vuldb.com/vuln/394712/cti signaturepermissions-required
https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-78434 third-party-advisory
https://vuldb.com/submit/886394 third-party-advisory
https://github.com/faveosuite/faveo-helpdesk/issu… exploitissue-tracking
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Faveo Helpdesk Affected: 2.0.0
Affected: 2.0.1
Affected: 2.0.2
Affected: 2.0.3
    cpe:2.3:a:faveo:helpdesk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-78369 (GCVE-0-2026-78369)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 12:58 – Updated: 2026-08-24 17:30
VLAI
Title
Missing Authentication Allows Unauthorized Creation of Crypto Groups in RansomLook
Summary
RansomLook contains a missing authentication vulnerability in the /admin/crypto/group/new endpoint. While the endpoint provides an administrative function for creating new crypto group entries, it was not protected by the application's authentication mechanism. An unauthenticated remote attacker able to access the RansomLook web interface could therefore submit requests to this endpoint and create crypto group entries without possessing a valid authenticated session or administrative credentials. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to make unauthorized modifications to data that should only be manageable by authenticated administrators. Depending on how crypto group information is subsequently consumed by RansomLook, malicious or fraudulent entries could also affect the integrity of information presented or processed by the application. The vulnerability is addressed by applying the flask_login.login_required decorator to the /admin/crypto/group/new route, ensuring that only authenticated users can access the functionality.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 17:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ransomlook ransomlook Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.0.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-78306 (GCVE-0-2026-78306)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 08:08 – Updated: 2026-08-24 12:51
VLAI
Title
DJI Drone Bluetooth Interface Unauthenticated DUML Command Execution
Summary
DJI drones expose an unauthenticated DUML command interface over Bluetooth that allows an attacker within Bluetooth range to modify Wi-Fi configuration parameters, including the SSID, PSK, MAC address, regulatory country code, and wireless channel. An attacker can overwrite the Wi-Fi PSK with a known value and connect to the drone's internal Wi-Fi network, potentially gaining access to the flight control interface and issuing flight commands. Crafted DUML commands can also disable or restart the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interfaces, disconnect Wi-Fi clients, or reset wireless configuration, resulting in a denial-of-service condition that can disrupt the operator's wireless control, video, and telemetry connections during flight. Affected models are DJI Neo until 01.00.0400, DJI Neo 2 until 01.00.0500, DJI Flip until 01.00.1200, DJI Air 3 until 01.00.1600, DJI Air 3S until 01.00.1400, DJI Avata 2 until 01.00.0400, DJI Avata 360 until 01.00.0300, DJI Mavic 3 until 01.00.1400, DJI Mavic 3 Classic until 01.00.0800, DJI Mavic 3 Pro until 01.01.0700, DJI Mavic 4 Pro until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 2 until 01.07.0200, DJI Mini 3 until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 3 Pro until 01.00.0900, DJI Mini 4 Pro until 01.00.1100, and DJI Mini 5 Pro until 01.00.0600. Remediation requires a firmware update from the vendor.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 12:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DJI Neo Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0400 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
DJI Neo 2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0500 (semver)
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DJI Flip Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1200 (semver)
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DJI Air 3 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1600 (semver)
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DJI Air 3S Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1400 (semver)
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DJI Avata 2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0400 (semver)
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DJI Avata 360 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0300 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 3 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1400 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 3 Classic Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0800 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 3 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.01.0700 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 4 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0500 (semver)
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DJI Mini 2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.07.0200 (semver)
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DJI Mini 3 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0500 (semver)
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DJI Mini 3 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0900 (semver)
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DJI Mini 4 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1100 (semver)
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DJI Mini 5 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0600 (semver)
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Show details on NVD website

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
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              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-78306",
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          "product": "Neo",
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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              "status": "affected",
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Mavic 4 Pro",
          "vendor": "DJI",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "01.00.0500",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
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          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Mini 2",
          "vendor": "DJI",
          "versions": [
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              "version": "0",
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Abdelrahman Yousef"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Dr. Jordan Samhi"
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      ],
      "descriptions": [
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              "value": "DJI drones expose an unauthenticated DUML command interface over Bluetooth that allows an attacker within Bluetooth range to modify Wi-Fi configuration parameters, including the SSID, PSK, MAC address, regulatory country code, and wireless channel. An attacker can overwrite the Wi-Fi PSK with a known value and connect to the drone\u0027s internal Wi-Fi network, potentially gaining access to the flight control interface and issuing flight commands. Crafted DUML commands can also disable or restart the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth interfaces, disconnect Wi-Fi clients, or reset wireless configuration, resulting in a denial-of-service condition that can disrupt the operator\u0027s wireless control, video, and telemetry connections during flight.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eAffected models are DJI Neo until 01.00.0400, DJI Neo 2 until 01.00.0500, DJI Flip until 01.00.1200, DJI Air 3 until 01.00.1600, DJI Air 3S until 01.00.1400, DJI Avata 2 until 01.00.0400, DJI Avata 360 until 01.00.0300, DJI Mavic 3 until 01.00.1400, DJI Mavic 3 Classic until 01.00.0800, DJI Mavic 3 Pro until 01.01.0700, DJI Mavic 4 Pro until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 2 until 01.07.0200, DJI Mini 3 until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 3 Pro until 01.00.0900, DJI Mini 4 Pro until 01.00.1100, and DJI Mini 5 Pro until 01.00.0600.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRemediation requires a firmware update from the vendor.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
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CVE-2026-78255 (GCVE-0-2026-78255)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 07:25 – Updated: 2026-08-24 16:32
VLAI
Title
DJI Drone HTTP Media Server Allows Unauthenticated Access to Stored Media
Summary
The HTTP media server running on DJI drones serves stored photos and videos through the `/v2` endpoint without authenticating the requesting client. Filenames follow a predictable pattern, allowing an attacker who joins the drone's internal network to enumerate valid filenames and exfiltrate stored photos and videos. The exposed media may reveal sensitive information, including private locations, property, travel history, identifiable individuals, and the operator's routines. Affected models are DJI Neo until 01.00.0400, DJI Neo 2 until 01.00.0500, DJI Flip until 01.00.1200, DJI Air 3 until 01.00.1600, DJI Air 3S until 01.00.1400, DJI Avata 2 until 01.00.0400, DJI Avata 360 until 01.00.0300, DJI Mavic 3 until 01.00.1400, DJI Mavic 3 Classic until 01.00.0800, DJI Mavic 3 Pro until 01.01.0700, DJI Mavic 4 Pro until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 2 until 01.07.0200, DJI Mini 3 until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 3 Pro until 01.00.0900, DJI Mini 4 Pro until 01.00.1100, and DJI Mini 5 Pro until 01.00.0600.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 16:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
DJI Neo Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0400 (semver)
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DJI Neo 2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0500 (semver)
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DJI Flip Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1200 (semver)
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DJI Air 3 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1600, (semver)
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DJI Air 3S Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1400 (semver)
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DJI Avata 2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0400 (semver)
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DJI Avata 360 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0300 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 3 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1400 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 3 Classic Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0800 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 3 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.01.0700 (semver)
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DJI Mavic 4 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0500 (semver)
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DJI Mini 2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.07.0200 (semver)
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DJI Mini 3 Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0500 (semver)
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DJI Mini 3 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0900 (semver)
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DJI Mini 4 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.1100 (semver)
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DJI Mini 5 Pro Affected: 0 , ≤ 01.00.0600 (semver)
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Show details on NVD website

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          "product": "Neo",
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          "product": "Mavic 4 Pro",
          "vendor": "DJI",
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Mini 2",
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          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
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          "versions": [
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              "version": "0",
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          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Abdelrahman Yousef"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Dr. Jordan Samhi"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "The HTTP media server running on DJI drones serves stored photos and videos through the `/v2` endpoint without authenticating the requesting client. Filenames follow a predictable pattern, allowing an attacker who joins the drone\u0027s internal network to enumerate valid filenames and exfiltrate stored photos and videos. The exposed media may reveal sensitive information, including private locations, property, travel history, identifiable individuals, and the operator\u0027s routines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAffected models are DJI Neo until 01.00.0400, DJI Neo 2 until 01.00.0500, DJI Flip until 01.00.1200, DJI Air 3 until 01.00.1600, DJI Air 3S until 01.00.1400, DJI Avata 2 until 01.00.0400, DJI Avata 360 until 01.00.0300, DJI Mavic 3 until 01.00.1400, DJI Mavic 3 Classic until 01.00.0800, DJI Mavic 3 Pro until 01.01.0700, DJI Mavic 4 Pro until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 2 until 01.07.0200, DJI Mini 3 until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 3 Pro until 01.00.0900, DJI Mini 4 Pro until 01.00.1100, and DJI Mini 5 Pro until 01.00.0600.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "The HTTP media server running on DJI drones serves stored photos and videos through the `/v2` endpoint without authenticating the requesting client. Filenames follow a predictable pattern, allowing an attacker who joins the drone\u0027s internal network to enumerate valid filenames and exfiltrate stored photos and videos. The exposed media may reveal sensitive information, including private locations, property, travel history, identifiable individuals, and the operator\u0027s routines.\n\nAffected models are DJI Neo until 01.00.0400, DJI Neo 2 until 01.00.0500, DJI Flip until 01.00.1200, DJI Air 3 until 01.00.1600, DJI Air 3S until 01.00.1400, DJI Avata 2 until 01.00.0400, DJI Avata 360 until 01.00.0300, DJI Mavic 3 until 01.00.1400, DJI Mavic 3 Classic until 01.00.0800, DJI Mavic 3 Pro until 01.01.0700, DJI Mavic 4 Pro until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 2 until 01.07.0200, DJI Mini 3 until 01.00.0500, DJI Mini 3 Pro until 01.00.0900, DJI Mini 4 Pro until 01.00.1100, and DJI Mini 5 Pro until 01.00.0600."
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          "capecId": "CAPEC-87",
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CVE-2026-78154 (GCVE-0-2026-78154)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-23 23:30 – Updated: 2026-08-24 17:49
VLAI
Title
the-momentum open-wearables Public Invitation-Code Redemption Endpoint user_invitation_code.py redeem_invitation_code missing authentication
Summary
A vulnerability was identified in the-momentum open-wearables up to 0.6.2. This impacts the function redeem_invitation_code of the file backend/app/api/routes/v1/user_invitation_code.py of the component Public Invitation-Code Redemption Endpoint. The manipulation of the argument code leads to missing authentication. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-24 17:47 UTC
CWE
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
the-momentum open-wearables Affected: 0.6.0
Affected: 0.6.1
Affected: 0.6.2
    cpe:2.3:a:the-momentum:open-wearables:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-77915 (GCVE-0-2026-77915)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-24 16:11 – Updated: 2026-08-24 16:11 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
rConfig 8.0.0 < 8.2.10 Unauthorized Admin Registration via web.php
Summary
rConfig 8.0.0 before 8.2.13 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to self-register accounts with full Administrator privileges due to a duplicate bare Auth::routes() call in routes/web.php that re-enables the POST /register route after it was explicitly disabled. Attackers can register a new account that is immediately authenticated with Admin-level access because the registration controller does not assign a role and the users.role column defaults to Admin, enabling access to stored device credentials, user data, and API token issuance.
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
  • CWE-1188 - Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
rconfig rconfig Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.2.10 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-10 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-77644 (GCVE-0-2026-77644)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 21:54 – Updated: 2026-08-22 03:56
VLAI
Title
Critical Bypass Access Control Vulnerability Reported for Windchill Risk and Reliability (WRR) Enterprise Edition
Summary
A critical bypass access control vulnerability has been reported in PTC Windchill Risk and Reliability (WRR) Enterprise Edition.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing authentication for critical function
  • CWE-620 - Unverified password change
References
URL Tags
https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article/CS474818 vendor-advisorypermissions-required
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-76355 (GCVE-0-2026-76355)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 21:34 – Updated: 2026-08-19 21:34
VLAI
Title
Unauthenticated Information Disclosure through an Edge Processor Service Endpoint in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise 10.4 versions below 10.4.2, an unauthenticated user could retrieve the information contained in Edge Processor pipeline configurations through a Representational State Transfer (REST) API endpoint when Edge Processor is turned on. The vulnerability does not affect versions prior to 10.4. The vulnerability exists because the Edge Processor service endpoint lacks authentication controls. For more information see System architecture of the Edge Processor solution (https://help.splunk.com/en/splunk-enterprise/process-data-at-the-edge/use-edge-processors-for-splunk-enterprise/10.4/how-the-edge-processor-solution-works/system-architecture-of-the-edge-processor-solution) in the Splunk documentation.
CWE
  • CWE-306 - The software does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Splunk Splunk Enterprise Affected: 10.4 , < 10.4.2 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-19 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-76157 (GCVE-0-2026-76157)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 01:47 – Updated: 2026-08-21 13:08
VLAI
Title
Datiphy Data Management Center - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Summary
Missing authentication for a critical function in the upload API endpoint of Datiphy Data Management Center from v8.3.0 through v8.5.1 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to the server's configured upload directory.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 13:07 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-306 - Missing authentication for critical function
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://zuso.ai/advisory third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Datiphy Inc. Data Management Center Affected: v8.3.0 , ≤ v8.5.1 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
  • Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
  • In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
  • In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].

CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values

An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.

CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation

An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.