Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-178

Allowed

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.

163 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-27587 (GCVE-0-2026-27587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-24 16:26 – Updated: 2026-02-27 20:48
VLAI
Title
Caddy: MatchPath %xx (escaped-path) branch skips case normalization, enabling path-based route/auth bypass
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to version 2.11.1, Caddy's HTTP `path` request matcher is intended to be case-insensitive, but when the match pattern contains percent-escape sequences (`%xx`) it compares against the request's escaped path without lowercasing. An attacker can bypass path-based routing and any access controls attached to that route by changing the casing of the request path. Version 2.11.1 contains a fix for the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-27 20:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
caddyserver caddy Affected: < 2.11.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25889 (GCVE-0-2026-25889)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-09 21:18 – Updated: 2026-02-10 15:57
VLAI
Title
File Browser has an Authentication Bypass in User Password Update
Summary
File Browser provides a file managing interface within a specified directory and it can be used to upload, delete, preview, rename and edit files. Prior to 2.57.1, a case-sensitivity flaw in the password validation logic allows any authenticated user to change their password (or an admin to change any user's password) without providing the current password. By using Title Case field name "Password" instead of lowercase "password" in the API request, the current_password verification is completely bypassed. This enables account takeover if an attacker obtains a valid JWT token through XSS, session hijacking, or other means. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.57.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-10 15:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
filebrowser filebrowser Affected: < 2.57.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22665 (GCVE-0-2026-22665)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-03 20:28 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53
VLAI
Title
prompts.chat Identity Confusion via Case-Sensitive Username Handling
Summary
prompts.chat prior to commit 1464475, contains an identity confusion vulnerability due to inconsistent case-sensitive and case-insensitive handling of usernames across write and read paths, allowing attackers to create case-variant usernames that bypass uniqueness checks. Attackers can exploit non-deterministic username resolution to impersonate victim accounts, replace profile content on canonical URLs, and inject attacker-controlled metadata and content across the platform.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-06 17:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
f prompts.chat Affected: 0 , < 1464475df2698fb7ccd0cdbc382b0750466f891d (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14617 (GCVE-0-2026-14617)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 21:45 – Updated: 2026-07-06 19:40
VLAI
Title
NousResearch hermes-agent Streaming Reasoning Tag Filter stream_consumer.py GatewayStreamConsumer._filter_and_accumulate case sensitivity
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in NousResearch hermes-agent up to 2026.4.30. Affected is the function GatewayStreamConsumer._filter_and_accumulate of the file gateway/stream_consumer.py of the component Streaming Reasoning Tag Filter. The manipulation leads to improper handling of case sensitivity. The attack may be initiated remotely. The attack's complexity is rated as high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project decided to not implement a dedicated fix: "[T]he analysis and the fix are both sound. It just lands below the bar for the maintenance cost of a duplicated scrub path."
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 19:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-697 - Incorrect Comparison
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
NousResearch hermes-agent Affected: 2026.4.0
Affected: 2026.4.1
Affected: 2026.4.2
Affected: 2026.4.3
Affected: 2026.4.4
Affected: 2026.4.5
Affected: 2026.4.6
Affected: 2026.4.7
Affected: 2026.4.8
Affected: 2026.4.9
Affected: 2026.4.10
Affected: 2026.4.11
Affected: 2026.4.12
Affected: 2026.4.13
Affected: 2026.4.14
Affected: 2026.4.15
Affected: 2026.4.16
Affected: 2026.4.17
Affected: 2026.4.18
Affected: 2026.4.19
Affected: 2026.4.20
Affected: 2026.4.21
Affected: 2026.4.22
Affected: 2026.4.23
Affected: 2026.4.24
Affected: 2026.4.25
Affected: 2026.4.26
Affected: 2026.4.27
Affected: 2026.4.28
Affected: 2026.4.29
Affected: 2026.4.30
    cpe:2.3:a:nousresearch:hermes-agent:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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              "version": "2026.4.24"
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2026.4.25"
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            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2026.4.26"
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              "status": "affected",
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              "status": "affected",
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          "url": "https://gist.github.com/YLChen-007/2229e5505bcbb3e15a7ae8fba4c4be37"
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CVE-2026-8404 (GCVE-0-2026-8404)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 13:16 – Updated: 2026-06-03 15:46
VLAI
Title
Potential exposure of private data via case-sensitive Cache-Control directives in UpdateCacheMiddleware
Summary
An issue was discovered in Django 5.2 before 5.2.15 and 6.0 before 6.0.6. `django.middleware.cache.UpdateCacheMiddleware` in Django does not match `Cache-Control` response directives case-insensitively, which allows remote attackers to read responses that were incorrectly cached because their `Cache-Control` directives used uppercase or mixed-case values. Earlier, unsupported Django series (such as 5.0.x, 4.1.x, and 3.2.x) were not evaluated and may also be affected. Django would like to thank Ahmed Badawe for reporting this issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-03 15:46 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
djangoproject Django Affected: 6.0 , < 6.0.6 (python)
Unaffected: 6.0.6 (python)
Affected: 5.2 , < 5.2.15 (python)
Unaffected: 5.2.15 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-03 08:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-3833 (GCVE-0-2026-3833)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-30 17:37 – Updated: 2026-09-01 11:59
VLAI
Title
Gnutls: gnutls: policy bypass due to case-sensitive nameconstraints comparison
Summary
A flaw was found in gnutls. This vulnerability occurs because gnutls performs case-sensitive comparisons of `nameConstraints` labels, specifically for `dNSName` (DNS) or `rfc822Name` (email) constraints within `excludedSubtrees` or `permittedSubtrees`. A remote attacker can exploit this by crafting a leaf certificate with casing differences in the Subject Alternative Name (SAN), leading to a policy bypass where a certificate that should be rejected is instead accepted. This could result in unauthorized access or information disclosure.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-30 18:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13274 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20611 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20612 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20613 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26319 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26409 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:29197 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30004 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30849 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30850 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:32962 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33125 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41921 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:43575 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:57402 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:58981 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-3833 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2445763 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
https://gitlab.com/gnutls/gnutls/-/issues/1803
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 3.8.13 (semver)
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 Unaffected: 0:3.8.10-4.el10_2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:3.8.9-9.el10_0.19 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support Unaffected: 0:3.3.29-9.el7_9.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_els:7
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-8.el8_10.6 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:3.6.14-10.el8_4.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:4.13-3.el8_4.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On Unaffected: 0:3.6.14-10.el8_4.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On Unaffected: 0:4.13-3.el8_4.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.4::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.4::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-5.el8_6.5 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support Unaffected: 0:4.13-3.el8_6.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-5.el8_6.5 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Extended Update Support Long-Life Add-On Unaffected: 0:4.13-3.el8_6.2 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_aus:8.6::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus_long_life:8.6::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-7.el8_8.4 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Service Unaffected: 0:4.13-4.el8_8.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:3.6.16-7.el8_8.4 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:4.13-4.el8_8.1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:8.8::baseos
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_tus:8.8::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 Unaffected: 0:3.8.10-4.el9_8 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:3.7.6-21.el9_2.7 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::baseos
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions Unaffected: 0:3.8.3-4.el9_4.6 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support Unaffected: 0:3.8.3-6.el9_6.4 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::appstream
    cpe:/o:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6::baseos
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4.19 Unaffected: 4.19.9.6.202608182320-0 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4.19::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2 Unaffected: 1782159791 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2 Unaffected: 1782166952 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:discovery:2::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images Unaffected: 3.8.13-1.hum1 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1781525684 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1781525671 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1781525693 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1781525739 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1787241211 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1787135742 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Update Infrastructure 5 Unaffected: 1787241260 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:rhui:5::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6     cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
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Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4
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Date Public
2026-04-30 17:26
Show details on NVD website

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                    "Automatable": "yes"
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                    "Technical Impact": "partial"
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-04-30T18:37:27.251775Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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CVE-2026-3532 (GCVE-0-2026-3532)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-26 20:04 – Updated: 2026-03-27 13:53
VLAI
Title
OpenID Connect / OAuth client - Less critical - Access bypass - SA-CONTRIB-2026-027
Summary
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Drupal OpenID Connect / OAuth client allows Privilege Escalation.This issue affects OpenID Connect / OAuth client: from 0.0.0 before 1.5.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 13:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Drupal OpenID Connect / OAuth client Affected: 0.0.0 , < 1.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-03-04 18:02
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-67718 (GCVE-0-2025-67718)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-11 00:58 – Updated: 2025-12-11 15:35
VLAI
Title
Formio improperly authorized permission elevation through specially crafted request path
Summary
Form.io is a combined Form and API platform for Serverless applications. Versions 3.5.6 and below and 4.0.0-rc.1 through 4.4.2 contain a flaw in path handling which could allow an attacker to access protected API endpoints by sending a crafted request path. An unauthenticated or unauthorized request could retrieve data from endpoints that should be protected. This issue is fixed in versions 3.5.7 and 4.4.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-11 15:35 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
formio formio Affected: < 3.5.7
Affected: >= 4.0.0-rc.1, < 4.4.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-61593 (GCVE-0-2025-61593)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 17:28 – Updated: 2025-10-03 18:30
VLAI
Title
Cursor CLI Agent: Sensitive File Overwrite Bypass
Summary
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. In versions 1.7 and below, a vulnerability in the way Cursor CLI Agent protects its sensitive files (i.e. */.cursor/cli.json) allows attackers to modify the content of the files through prompt injection, thus achieving remote code execution. A prompt injection can lead to full RCE through modifying sensitive files on case-insensitive filesystems. This issue is fixed in a commit, 25b418f, but has yet to be released as of October 3, 2025.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-03 18:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cursor cursor Affected: <= 1.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-59944 (GCVE-0-2025-59944)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 20:15 – Updated: 2025-10-03 20:43
VLAI
Title
Cursor IDE: Sensitive File Overwrite Bypass is Possible
Summary
Cursor is a code editor built for programming with AI. Versions 1.6.23 and below contain case-sensitive checks in the way Cursor IDE protects its sensitive files (e.g., */.cursor/mcp.json), which allows attackers to modify the content of these files through prompt injection and achieve remote code execution. A prompt injection can lead to full RCE through modifying sensitive files on case-insensitive fileystems. This issue is fixed in version 1.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-03 20:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cursor cursor Affected: < 1.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Input Validation

Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.