Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-178
AllowedImproper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product does not properly account for differences in case sensitivity when accessing or determining the properties of a resource, leading to inconsistent results.
163 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-43513 (GCVE-0-2026-43513)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 15:26 – Updated: 2026-05-14 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Tomcat: LockOutRealm treats user names as case-sensitive
Summary
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in LockOutRealm in Apache Tomcat.
This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.21, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.54, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.117, from 8.5.0 through 8.5.100, from 7.0.0 through 7.0.109.
Older unsupported versions may also be affected.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.22, 10.1.55 or 9.0.118 which fix the issue.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-14 16:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Tomcat |
Affected:
11.0.0-M1 , ≤ 11.0.21
(semver)
Affected: 10.1.0-M1 , ≤ 10.1.54 (semver) Affected: 9.0.0.M1 , ≤ 9.0.117 (semver) Affected: 8.5.0 , ≤ 8.5.100 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.109 (semver) Unknown: 0 , < 7.00 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-42273 (GCVE-0-2026-42273)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:42 – Updated: 2026-05-08 10:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heimdall: Case-sensitive host matching may lead to policy bypass
Summary
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall performs host matching in a case-sensitive manner, while HTTP hostnames are case-insensitive. This discrepancy can result in heimdall failing to match a rule for a request host that differs only in letter casing, potentially causing the request to be classified differently than intended. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.14.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-08 10:40 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/pull/3208 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/commit/3d05e56… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-42272 (GCVE-0-2026-42272)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-08 03:40 – Updated: 2026-05-08 23:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heimdall: Case-sensitive handling of URL-encoded slashes may lead to inconsistent path interpretation
Summary
Heimdall is a cloud native Identity Aware Proxy and Access Control Decision service. Prior to version 0.17.14, Heimdall handles URL-encoded slashes (%2F) in a case-sensitive manner, while percent-encoding is defined to be case-insensitive. As a result, the lowercase equivalent (%2f) is not recognized and therefore not processed as expected when allow_encoded_slashes is set to off (the default setting). This discrepancy can lead to differences in how request paths are interpreted by heimdall and upstream components, which may result in authorization bypass. This issue has been patched in version 0.17.14.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-05-08 23:12 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/pull/3207 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/commit/8b0de6a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dadrus/heimdall/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-40453 (GCVE-0-2026-40453)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-27 08:23 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Camel JMS, Apache Camel CoAP, Apache Camel Google PubSub: Incomplete fix for CVE-2025-27636 in non-HTTP HeaderFilterStrategies (camel-jms, camel-sjms, camel-coap, camel-google-pubsub) allows case-variant header injection
Summary
The fix for CVE-2025-27636 added setLowerCase(true) to HttpHeaderFilterStrategy so that case-variant header names such as 'CAmelExecCommandExecutable' are filtered out alongside 'CamelExecCommandExecutable'. The same setLowerCase(true) call was not applied to five non-HTTP HeaderFilterStrategy implementations: JmsHeaderFilterStrategy and ClassicJmsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-jms, SjmsHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-sjms, CoAPHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-coap, and GooglePubsubHeaderFilterStrategy in camel-google-pubsub. Because those strategies use case-sensitive String.startsWith('Camel'/'camel') filtering while the Camel Exchange stores headers in a case-insensitive map, an attacker with JMS (or equivalent) producer access to the broker consumed by a Camel route can inject case-variant Camel internal headers, which are then resolved by downstream components such as camel-exec and camel-file using their canonical casing. This enables remote code execution and arbitrary file write on routes that forward JMS messages to header-driven components.
This issue affects Apache Camel: from 3.0.0 before 4.14.6, from 4.15.0 before 4.18.2, from 4.19.0 before 4.20.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.20.0, which fixes the issue. If users are on the 4.14.x LTS releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.14.6. If users are on the 4.18.x releases stream, then they are suggested to upgrade to 4.18.2.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-27 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://camel.apache.org/security/CVE-2026-40453.html | vendor-advisory |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-40453 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2463173 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:19835 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:17668 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
14 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Camel JMS |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 4.14.6
(semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver) Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.20.0 (semver) |
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Camel CoAP |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 4.14.6
(semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver) Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.20.0 (semver) |
|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Camel Google PubSub |
Affected:
3.0.0 , < 4.14.6
(semver)
Affected: 4.15.0 , < 4.18.2 (semver) Affected: 4.19.0 , < 4.20.0 (semver) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Apache Camel 4.14 for Quarkus 3.27 |
Unaffected:
google-pubsub , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_quarkus:3.27 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Build of Apache Camel 4.14 for Quarkus 3.27 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_quarkus:3.27
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.18.1 for Spring Boot 3.5.14 |
Unaffected:
google-pubsub , < *
(rpm)
Unaffected: http-base , < * (rpm) Unaffected: http-common , < * (rpm) Unaffected: http-starter , < * (rpm) cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_spring_boot:4.18 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4.18.1 for Spring Boot 3.5.14 |
cpe:/a:redhat:apache_camel_spring_boot:4.18
|
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Serverless |
cpe:/a:redhat:serverless:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3 |
cpe:/a:redhat:camel_quarkus:3
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
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CVE-2026-33691 (GCVE-0-2026-33691)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-02 15:03 – Updated: 2026-04-18 19:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OWASP CRS: Whitespace padding in filenames bypasses file upload extension checks
Summary
The OWASP core rule set (CRS) is a set of generic attack detection rules for use with compatible web application firewalls. Prior to versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0, a bypass was identified in OWASP CRS that allows uploading files with dangerous extensions (.php, .phar, .jsp, .jspx) by inserting whitespace padding in the filename (e.g. photo. php or shell.jsp ). The affected rules do not normalize whitespace before evaluating the file extension regex, so the dot-extension check fails to match. This issue has been patched in versions 3.3.9 and 4.25.0.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-02 17:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/pull/4546 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/pull/4547 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/pull/4548 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/coreruleset/coreruleset/releas… | x_refsource_MISC |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/29/2 | |
| http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2026/Apr/0 | |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/18/4 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| coreruleset | coreruleset |
Affected:
< 3.3.9
Affected: >= 4.0.0-rc1, < 4.25.0 |
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CVE-2026-32939 (GCVE-0-2026-32939)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-20 03:27 – Updated: 2026-03-20 16:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DataEase is Vulnerable to H2 JDBC RCE Bypass
Summary
DataEase is an open source data visualization analysis tool. Versions 2.10.19 and below have inconsistent Locale handling between the JDBC URL validation logic and the H2 JDBC engine's internal parsing. DataEase uses String.toUpperCase() without specifying an explicit Locale, causing its security checks to rely on the JVM's default runtime locale, while H2 JDBC always normalizes URLs using Locale.ENGLISH. In Turkish locale environments (tr_TR), Java converts the lowercase letter i to İ (dotted capital I) instead of the standard I, so a malicious parameter like iNIT becomes İNIT in DataEase's filter (bypassing its blacklist) while H2 still correctly interprets it as INIT. This discrepancy allows attackers to smuggle dangerous JDBC parameters past DataEase's security validation, and the issue has been confirmed as exploitable in real DataEase deployment scenarios running under affected regional settings. The issue has been fixed in version 2.10.20.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-20 16:28 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/dataease/dataease/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/dataease/dataease/commit/8f1c2… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dataease/dataease/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-29054 (GCVE-0-2026-29054)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-05 16:18 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Traefik: lowercase `Connection` tokens can delete traefik-managed forwarded identity headers (for example, `X-Real-Ip`)
Summary
Traefik is an HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. From version 2.11.9 to 2.11.37 and from version 3.1.3 to 3.6.8, there is a potential vulnerability in Traefik managing the Connection header with X-Forwarded headers. When Traefik processes HTTP/1.1 requests, the protection put in place to prevent the removal of Traefik-managed X-Forwarded headers (such as X-Real-Ip, X-Forwarded-Host, X-Forwarded-Port, etc.) via the Connection header does not handle case sensitivity correctly. The Connection tokens are compared case-sensitively against the protected header names, but the actual header deletion operates case-insensitively. As a result, a remote unauthenticated client can use lowercase Connection tokens (e.g. Connection: x-real-ip) to bypass the protection and trigger the removal of Traefik-managed forwarded identity headers. This issue has been patched in versions 2.11.38 and 3.6.9.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-06 16:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.9 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-29054 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2444872 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:10175 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| traefik | traefik |
Affected:
>= 2.11.9, < 2.11.38
Affected: >= 3.1.3, < 3.6.9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27 |
Unaffected:
1776718585 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_devspaces:3.27::el9 |
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CVE-2026-28292 (GCVE-0-2026-28292)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-10 18:34 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
simple-git has blockUnsafeOperationsPlugin bypass via case-insensitive protocol.allow config key that enables RCE
Summary
`simple-git`, an interface for running git commands in any node.js application, has an issue in versions 3.15.0 through 3.32.2 that allows an attacker to bypass two prior CVE fixes (CVE-2022-25860 and CVE-2022-25912) and achieve full remote code execution on the host machine. Version 3.23.0 contains an updated fix for the vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-14 15:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/steveukx/git-js/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/steveukx/git-js/commit/f704208… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.codeant.ai/security-research/security… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.codeant.ai/security-research/simple-g… | exploit |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-28292 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2446162 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
7 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| steveukx | simple-git |
Affected:
>= 3.15.0, < 3.32.3
|
|
| Red Hat | Logging Subsystem for Red Hat OpenShift |
cpe:/a:redhat:logging:5
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Process Automation 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_bpms_platform:7
|
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CVE-2026-27896 (GCVE-0-2026-27896)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-26 00:47 – Updated: 2026-07-15 01:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
MCP Go SDK Vulnerable to Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Summary
The Go MCP SDK used Go's standard encoding/json.Unmarshal for JSON-RPC and MCP protocol message parsing in versions prior to 1.3.1. Go's standard library performs case-insensitive matching of JSON keys to struct field tags — a field tagged json:"method" would also match "Method", "METHOD", etc. This violated the JSON-RPC 2.0 specification, which defines exact field names. A malicious MCP peer may have been able to send protocol messages with non-standard field casing that the SDK would silently accept. This had the potential for bypassing intermediary inspection and coss-implementation inconsistency. Go's standard JSON unmarshaling was replaced with a case-sensitive decoder in commit 7b8d81c. Users are advised to update to v1.3.1 to resolve this issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-26 17:06 UTC
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/go-sdk/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-27896 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2442903 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| modelcontextprotocol | go-sdk |
Affected:
< 1.3.1
|
|
| Red Hat | Migration Toolkit for Virtualization |
cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_virtualization:2
|
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Lightspeed |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
|
|
| Red Hat | OpenShift Serverless |
cpe:/a:redhat:serverless:1
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
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CVE-2026-27588 (GCVE-0-2026-27588)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-24 16:28 – Updated: 2026-02-27 20:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: MatchHost becomes case-sensitive for large host lists (>100), enabling host-based route/auth bypass
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to version 2.11.1, Caddy's HTTP `host` request matcher is documented as case-insensitive, but when configured with a large host list (>100 entries) it becomes case-sensitive due to an optimized matching path. An attacker can bypass host-based routing and any access controls attached to that route by changing the casing of the `Host` header. Version 2.11.1 contains a fix for the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-27 20:47 UTC
CWE
- CWE-178 - Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
< 2.11.1
|
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Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.