Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-176
AllowedImproper Handling of Unicode Encoding
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
The product does not properly handle when an input contains Unicode encoding.
53 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-59890 (GCVE-0-2026-59890)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:02 – Updated: 2026-07-08 16:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
setuptools: MANIFEST.in exclusion bypass in sdist via Unicode normalization collision (NFC/NFD) on macOS APFS/HFS+
Summary
setuptools is a package that allows users to download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages. Prior to 83.0.0, FileList applied MANIFEST.in exclude, global-exclude, recursive-exclude, and prune directives by matching compiled glob patterns against on-disk file names without Unicode normalization, so on macOS APFS or HFS+ an NFD file name could bypass an NFC exclusion rule and be packed into a source distribution. This issue is fixed in version 83.0.0.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/commit/dd9f436… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/releases/tag/v83.0.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pypa | setuptools |
Affected:
< 83.0.0
|
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CVE-2026-49401 (GCVE-0-2026-49401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:22 – Updated: 2026-06-23 17:35
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Deno Permission Bypass via Unicode Normalization Mismatch on macOS (APFS)
Summary
Deno is a JavaScript, TypeScript, and WebAssembly runtime. Prior to 2.7.14, Deno's permission system enforces filesystem and execution restrictions by comparing the requested path against the path supplied to --deny-read, --deny-write, --deny-run, or --deny-ffi. On macOS, that comparison was done at the raw-byte level while the APFS filesystem treats different Unicode spellings of the same name as the same file. That means a program could reach a denied path by spelling it differently than the deny rule. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.7.14.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2026-48618 (GCVE-0-2026-48618)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-26 01:14 – Updated: 2026-07-15 02:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw in Node.js TLS hostname handling can cause Node.js unicode dot separator handling can lead to tls wildcard-depth authentication bypass due to resolver and verifier hostname normalization mismat.
This can lead to confidentiality impact or bypass of the intended security boundary under affected configurations.
This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.
Severity
7.7 (High)
7.7 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
14 references
Impacted products
12 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nodejs | node |
Affected:
22.22.3 , ≤ 22.22.3
(semver)
Affected: 24.16.0 , ≤ 24.16.0 (semver) Affected: 26.3.0 , ≤ 26.3.0 (semver) |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
1:24.18.0-1.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
Unaffected:
1:22.23.1-2.el10_2 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support |
Unaffected:
1:22.23.1-2.el10_0 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
9080020260626074955.rhel9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
Unaffected:
9080020260626075442.rhel9 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
22.23.1-1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
24.18.0-0.1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
26.4.0-1.2.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
25.9.0-1.1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
Unaffected:
20.20.2-1.hum1 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8 |
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CVE-2026-45135 (GCVE-0-2026-45135)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:56 – Updated: 2026-06-23 18:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: Unsafe Unicode Handling in FastCGI splitPos Allows Execution of Non-PHP Files
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. From 2.7.0 until 2.11.3, the FastCGI transport's splitPos() in modules/caddyhttp/reverseproxy/fastcgi/fastcgi.go misuses golang.org/x/text/search with search.IgnoreCase when the request path contains a non-ASCII byte. Two distinct flaws in that fallback let an attacker mislead Caddy's FastCGI splitting into treating a non-.php (or other configured split_path extension) file as a script. In any deployment where the attacker can place content into a file served via FastCGI (uploads, file storage, etc.), this can be escalated to remote code execution by crafting a URL whose path triggers either flaw. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.3.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
>= 2.7.0, < 2.11.3
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CVE-2026-45062 (GCVE-0-2026-45062)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-10 17:38 – Updated: 2026-06-11 14:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FrankenPHP: Unsafe Unicode Handling in CGI Path Splitting Allows Execution of Non-PHP Files
Summary
FrankenPHP is a modern application server for PHP. From version 1.11.2 to before version 1.12.3, the splitPos() function in cgi.go misuses golang.org/x/text/search with search.IgnoreCase when the request path contains a non-ASCII byte. Two distinct flaws in that fallback let an attacker mislead FrankenPHP into treating a non-.php file as a .php script. In any deployment where the attacker can place content into a file served by FrankenPHP (uploads, file storage, etc.), this can be escalated to remote code execution by crafting a URL whose path triggers either flaw. This issue has been patched in version 1.12.3.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/php/frankenphp/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/php/frankenphp/releases/tag/v1.12.3 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| php | frankenphp |
Affected:
>= 1.11.2, < 1.12.3
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CVE-2026-44288 (GCVE-0-2026-44288)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 14:37 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
protobufjs: Overlong UTF-8 decoding
Summary
protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. Prior to 7.5.6 and 8.0.2, protobufjs includes a minimal UTF-8 decoder that accepted overlong UTF-8 byte sequences and decoded them to their canonical characters instead of replacing them. An attacker who can provide protobuf binary data decoded through the affected UTF-8 path may be able to bypass application-level checks that inspect raw bytes before protobuf string decoding. For example, bytes that do not contain certain ASCII characters could decode to strings containing those characters. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.5.6 and 8.0.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-176 - Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/securit… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| protobufjs | protobuf.js |
Affected:
< 7.5.6
Affected: >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.2 |
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CVE-2026-35375 (GCVE-0-2026-35375)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 16:09 – Updated: 2026-04-22 17:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
uutils coreutils split Local Data Integrity Issue via Lossy Filename Encoding
Summary
A logic error in the split utility of uutils coreutils causes the corruption of output filenames when provided with non-UTF-8 prefix or suffix inputs. The implementation utilizes to_string_lossy() when constructing chunk filenames, which automatically rewrites invalid byte sequences into the UTF-8 replacement character (U+FFFD). This behavior diverges from GNU split, which preserves raw pathname bytes intact. In environments utilizing non-UTF-8 encodings, this vulnerability leads to the creation of files with incorrect names, potentially causing filename collisions, broken automation, or the misdirection of output data.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-176 - Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/11397 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.8.0 | vendor-advisory |
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CVE-2026-35373 (GCVE-0-2026-35373)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 16:09 – Updated: 2026-04-22 17:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
uutils coreutils ln Local Denial of Service via Improper Handling of Non-UTF-8 Filenames
Summary
A logic error in the ln utility of uutils coreutils causes the program to reject source paths containing non-UTF-8 filename bytes when using target-directory forms (e.g., ln SOURCE... DIRECTORY). While GNU ln treats filenames as raw bytes and creates the links correctly, the uutils implementation enforces UTF-8 encoding, resulting in a failure to stat the file and a non-zero exit code. In environments where automated scripts or system tasks process valid but non-UTF-8 filenames common on Unix filesystems, this divergence causes the utility to fail, leading to a local denial of service for those specific operations.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-176 - Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/11403 | patchissue-tracking |
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CVE-2026-35346 (GCVE-0-2026-35346)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 16:07 – Updated: 2026-04-22 18:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
uutils coreutils comm Silent Data Corruption via Lossy UTF-8 Normalization
Summary
The comm utility in uutils coreutils silently corrupts data by performing lossy UTF-8 conversion on all output lines. The implementation uses String::from_utf8_lossy(), which replaces invalid UTF-8 byte sequences with the Unicode replacement character (U+FFFD). This behavior differs from GNU comm, which processes raw bytes and preserves the original input. This results in corrupted output when the utility is used to compare binary files or files using non-UTF-8 legacy encodings.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-176 - Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/10206 | patch |
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/issues/10192 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.6.0 | vendor-advisory |
Credits
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CVE-2026-25480 (GCVE-0-2026-25480)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-09 18:49 – Updated: 2026-02-10 16:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FileStore key canonicalization collisions allow response cache mixup/poisoning (ASCII ord + Unicode NFKD)
Summary
Litestar is an Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface (ASGI) framework. Prior to 2.20.0, FileStore maps cache keys to filenames using Unicode NFKD normalization and ord() substitution without separators, creating key collisions. When FileStore is used as response-cache backend, an unauthenticated remote attacker can trigger cache key collisions via crafted paths, causing one URL to serve cached responses of another (cache poisoning/mixup). This vulnerability is fixed in 2.20.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-176 - Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/commit/8… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://docs.litestar.dev/2/release-notes/changel… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/litestar-org/litestar/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| litestar-org | litestar |
Affected:
< 2.20.0
|
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Mitigation MIT-44
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Input Validation
Avoid making decisions based on names of resources (e.g. files) if those resources can have alternate names.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-20
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic
An attacker may provide a Unicode string to a system component that is not Unicode aware and use that to circumvent the filter or cause the classifying mechanism to fail to properly understanding the request. That may allow the attacker to slip malicious data past the content filter and/or possibly cause the application to route the request incorrectly.