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CVE-2025-25249 (GCVE-0-2025-25249)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 16:32 – Updated: 2026-09-10 03:55
VLAI CISA Previdian
Summary
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:W/RC:C
SSVC
Exploitation: active Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 00:00 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-122 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Fortinet FortiSwitchManager Affected: 7.2.2 , ≤ 7.2.5 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Fortinet FortiOS Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.2 (semver)
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.7 (semver)
Affected: 7.2.4 , ≤ 7.2.11 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Siemens RUGGEDCOM APE1808 Affected: 0 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 76235c89-e484-4042-96ad-26f9515fbf7e

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-25249

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-09-09 00:00 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-09-09
Asserted: 2026-09-09
Scope
Notes: Fortinet Multiple Products Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability | Affected: Fortinet / Multiple Products | Description: Fortinet FortiOS, FortiSwitchManager, and FortiSASE contain a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability that allows an attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets. | Required action: Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines. | Due date: 2026-09-12 | Known ransomware campaign use (KEV): Unknown | Notes (KEV): https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084 ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25249
Evidence

Type: Vendor Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 80%

Source: cisa-kev

Details
Cwes CWE-122 CWE-787
Feed CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
Product Multiple Products
Due Date 2026-09-12
Date Added 2026-09-09
Vendorproject Fortinet
Vulnerabilityname Fortinet Multiple Products Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Knownransomwarecampaignuse Unknown
References
Created: 2026-09-09 20:00 UTC | Updated: 2026-09-09 20:00 UTC
Previdian
Known Exploited Vulnerability - GCVE BCP-07 Compliant
KEV entry ID: 64f2d211-92cd-4826-92a9-c4f61659b1fb

Vulnerability ID: CVE-2025-25249

Status: Confirmed

Status Updated: 2026-09-08 15:03 UTC

Exploited: Yes

Timestamps
First Seen: 2026-09-08
Asserted: 2026-09-08
Scope
Notes: A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11,... | Affected: Fortinet / FortiSwitchManager, FortiOS | CVSS: 8.1 (HIGH) | EPSS: 0.00759 | Used in malware: unknown | Not yet in CISA KEV: True
Evidence

Type: Public Report

Signal: Successful Exploitation

Confidence: 70%

Source: previdian

Details
Feed Previdian (previdian.com)
Title A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11,...
Vendor Fortinet
Product FortiSwitchManager, FortiOS
Added Date 2026-09-08T15:03:00.000Z
Cvss Score 8.1
Epss Score 0.00759
Cvss Severity HIGH
Epss Percentile 0.52946
Used In Malware unknown
Ahead Of Cisa Kev None
Not Yet In Cisa Kev True
References
Created: 2026-09-09 16:00 UTC | Updated: 2026-09-09 16:00 UTC
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset\u0027s internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.\",\"cisaVulnerabilityName\":\"Fortinet Multiple Products Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability\",\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"psirt@fortinet.com\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-122\"}]},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-787\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.4.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.0.18\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"7B071609-D589-44A8-8E7A-010B5BAA36EE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"7.2.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.2.12\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E8FAAA2E-7A53-4F6B-A9C7-1E2B4CB5F7EB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"7.4.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.4.9\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2093EFE3-4B7F-4806-9850-C42B26BC64AC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"7.6.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.6.4\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"C1C30E0D-7F09-42D2-9EB1-E2196BD50D75\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"7.0.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.0.6\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F1B9AA70-BB46-403B-94C1-D94C64E22334\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"7.2.0\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"7.2.7\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EE22A407-02CB-4979-A38D-9EBAFEB350F6\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisase:25.1.39:*:*:*:-:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"77B84900-E96D-4E2C-8797-B1460E71874E\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisase:25.1.51:*:*:*:-:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"12A8EE3F-EEAF-460D-B2DB-551509DF0814\"}]}]},{\"operator\":\"AND\",\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808_firmware:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"37FDCA69-9049-40B4-88AF-F476901022B6\"}]},{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":false,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:h:siemens:ruggedcom_ape1808:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B89A6863-B602-4404-8D26-337FECABFFF0\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084\",\"source\":\"psirt@fortinet.com\",\"tags\":[\"Vendor Advisory\",\"Mitigation\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"tags\":[\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://socradar.io/blog/cve-2025-25249-pivotc2-fortigate-rat/\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"Exploit\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-25249\",\"source\":\"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\",\"tags\":[\"US Government Resource\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-03-27T08:48:39+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-25249",
      "id": "CVE-2025-25249",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "CVE-2025-25249",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-25249.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "vulnrichment": {
      "containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"affected\": [{\"vendor\": \"Siemens\", \"product\": \"RUGGEDCOM APE1808\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"0\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"custom\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unknown\"}], \"x_adpType\": \"supplier\", \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\", \"shortName\": \"siemens-SADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-08-11T12:22:44.887Z\"}}, {\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2025-25249\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"active\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"total\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-09-09T19:50:11.566505Z\"}}}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://socradar.io/blog/cve-2025-25249-pivotc2-fortigate-rat/\", \"tags\": [\"third-party-advisory\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-25249\", \"tags\": [\"government-resource\"]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-01-13T21:41:25.570Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV3_1\": {\"scope\": \"UNCHANGED\", \"version\": \"3.1\", \"baseScore\": 7.4, \"attackVector\": \"NETWORK\", \"baseSeverity\": \"HIGH\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:W/RC:C\", \"integrityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"HIGH\", \"availabilityImpact\": \"HIGH\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"confidentialityImpact\": \"HIGH\"}}], \"affected\": [{\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"vendor\": \"Fortinet\", \"product\": \"FortiSwitchManager\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.2.2\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"7.2.5\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"vendor\": \"Fortinet\", \"product\": \"FortiOS\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.6.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"7.6.2\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.4.0\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"7.4.7\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"7.2.4\", \"versionType\": \"semver\", \"lessThanOrEqual\": \"7.2.11\"}], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\"}], \"solutions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Upgrade to FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.7 or above\\nUpgrade to FortiSwitchManager version 7.0.6 or above\\nFortinet remediated this issue in FortiSASE version 25.2.c and hence customers do not need to perform any action.\\nFortinet remediated this issue in FortiSASE version 25.1.b and hence customers do not need to perform any action.\\nUpgrade to upcoming  FortiOS version 8.0.0 or above\\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.6.4 or above\\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.4.9 or above\\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.12 or above\\nUpgrade to FortiOS version 7.0.18 or above\"}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084\", \"name\": \"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084\"}], \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets\"}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-122\", \"description\": \"Execute unauthorized code or commands\"}]}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8\", \"shortName\": \"fortinet\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-02-23T08:51:58.404Z\"}}}",
      "cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2025-25249\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-09-10T03:55:15.185Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2025-02-05T13:31:18.866Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-01-13T16:32:35.662Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"fortinet\"}",
      "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
      "dataVersion": "5.2"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.