CVE-2026-52999 (GCVE-0-2026-52999)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-24 16:29 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:32
VLAI
Title
netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching In nf_osf_match(), the nf_osf_hdr_ctx structure is initialized once and passed by reference to nf_osf_match_one() for each fingerprint checked. During TCP option parsing, nf_osf_match_one() advances the shared ctx->optp pointer. If a fingerprint perfectly matches, the function returns early without restoring ctx->optp to its initial state. If the user has configured NF_OSF_LOGLEVEL_ALL, the loop continues to the next fingerprint. However, because ctx->optp was not restored, the next call to nf_osf_match_one() starts parsing from the end of the options buffer. This causes subsequent matches to read garbage data and fail immediately, making it impossible to log more than one match or logging incorrect matches. Instead of using a shared ctx->optp pointer, pass the context as a constant pointer and use a local pointer (optp) for TCP option traversal. This makes nf_osf_match_one() strictly stateless from the caller's perspective, ensuring every fingerprint check starts at the correct option offset.
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < 0145548346c4a30981a870a8ca00eac46ba27e85 (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < 1c136f2c44a5913646bac85303612fd0825197a0 (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < 1e19a07291bb8682c14c39a64725a3ae54ab8ccc (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < 32e50f92c7cf3f4eba29622179a5fcdc2aebab41 (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < 70a3f31d25cf2ec9d4ddfa408120171ead955623 (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < 21883587593d7c8bb519a79460a0b5bc5ffbdabd (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < edb78a142d2e5948e63647c0646aa7e7886935f0 (git)
Affected: 1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b , < f5ca450087c3baf3651055e7a6de92600f827af3 (git)
Affected: 0c1054e0e5fdef2369fb089e94def978bd209e1f (git)
Affected: 8316b60582facd4068fb0916c4db2418c21b7174 (git)
Affected: 4.19.26 , < 4.20 (semver)
Affected: 4.20.13 , < 4.21 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.0
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.258 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.209 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.175 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.141 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.91 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.33 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0.10 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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Show details on NVD website

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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching\n\nIn nf_osf_match(), the nf_osf_hdr_ctx structure is initialized once\nand passed by reference to nf_osf_match_one() for each fingerprint\nchecked. During TCP option parsing, nf_osf_match_one() advances the\nshared ctx-\u003eoptp pointer.\n\nIf a fingerprint perfectly matches, the function returns early without\nrestoring ctx-\u003eoptp to its initial state. If the user has configured\nNF_OSF_LOGLEVEL_ALL, the loop continues to the next fingerprint.\nHowever, because ctx-\u003eoptp was not restored, the next call to\nnf_osf_match_one() starts parsing from the end of the options buffer.\nThis causes subsequent matches to read garbage data and fail\nimmediately, making it impossible to log more than one match or logging\nincorrect matches.\n\nInstead of using a shared ctx-\u003eoptp pointer, pass the context as a\nconstant pointer and use a local pointer (optp) for TCP option\ntraversal. This makes nf_osf_match_one() strictly stateless from the\ncaller\u0027s perspective, ensuring every fingerprint check starts at the\ncorrect option offset."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerable matcher runs on received IPv4 TCP SYN packets in the OSF netfilter hook path once OSF matching is configured, including PRE_ROUTING, LOCAL_IN, and FORWARD. A remote peer can supply the TCP options that drive the vulnerable parsing.\nAC:L - There is no race or hard-to-win timing condition; the attacker can craft and retry SYN packets with chosen TCP options. The need for OSF rules/fingerprints is part of the vulnerable deployment scenario.\nPR:N - The packet-processing path has no attacker privilege or authentication check. CAP_NET_ADMIN checks apply to installing OSF state/rules, not to sending packets that trigger an already configured matcher.\nUI:N - No victim user action is needed after the vulnerable OSF configuration is present. Packets are processed automatically by the kernel receive path.\nS:U - The bug remains within the kernel/netfilter security authority. It does not cross a VM, IOMMU, or other separate security boundary.\nC:H - The bug reads beyond the TCP options buffer or its stack copy during subsequent fingerprint checks after ctx-\u003eoptp has been advanced. Because this is a kernel out-of-bounds read that can expose adjacent kernel memory through matching/logging side effects, confidentiality is High under the required conservative rule.\nI:N - The flaw is an out-of-bounds read and does not provide a write primitive or direct data modification. Incorrect OSF matches/log entries do not amount to modification of protected system data.\nA:H - The out-of-bounds read occurs in the kernel packet path and can be triggered repeatedly by crafted packets. On hardened/debug builds or unfavorable boundary placement it can produce an oops/panic, so availability is scored High conservatively."
            }
          ]
        }
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        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:32:30.042Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
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      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0145548346c4a30981a870a8ca00eac46ba27e85"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c136f2c44a5913646bac85303612fd0825197a0"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e19a07291bb8682c14c39a64725a3ae54ab8ccc"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/32e50f92c7cf3f4eba29622179a5fcdc2aebab41"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/70a3f31d25cf2ec9d4ddfa408120171ead955623"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21883587593d7c8bb519a79460a0b5bc5ffbdabd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/edb78a142d2e5948e63647c0646aa7e7886935f0"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f5ca450087c3baf3651055e7a6de92600f827af3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching",
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-52999",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-24T16:29:11.757Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-09T07:44:35.377Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:32:30.042Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-52999",
      "date": "2026-08-05",
      "epss": "0.00514",
      "percentile": "0.40937"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-09T14:46:07.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-52999",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-52999",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-06-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:fixed": "1",
      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-52999.json",
      "version": "2"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-52999\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-06-24T17:17:10.913\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-15T12:54:37.463\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnetfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching\\n\\nIn nf_osf_match(), the nf_osf_hdr_ctx structure is initialized once\\nand passed by reference to nf_osf_match_one() for each fingerprint\\nchecked. During TCP option parsing, nf_osf_match_one() advances the\\nshared ctx-\u003eoptp pointer.\\n\\nIf a fingerprint perfectly matches, the function returns early without\\nrestoring ctx-\u003eoptp to its initial state. If the user has configured\\nNF_OSF_LOGLEVEL_ALL, the loop continues to the next fingerprint.\\nHowever, because ctx-\u003eoptp was not restored, the next call to\\nnf_osf_match_one() starts parsing from the end of the options buffer.\\nThis causes subsequent matches to read garbage data and fail\\nimmediately, making it impossible to log more than one match or logging\\nincorrect matches.\\n\\nInstead of using a shared ctx-\u003eoptp pointer, pass the context as a\\nconstant pointer and use a local pointer (optp) for TCP option\\ntraversal. This makes nf_osf_match_one() strictly stateless from the\\ncaller\u0027s perspective, ensuring every fingerprint check starts at the\\ncorrect option offset.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"0145548346c4a30981a870a8ca00eac46ba27e85\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"1c136f2c44a5913646bac85303612fd0825197a0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"1e19a07291bb8682c14c39a64725a3ae54ab8ccc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"32e50f92c7cf3f4eba29622179a5fcdc2aebab41\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"70a3f31d25cf2ec9d4ddfa408120171ead955623\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"21883587593d7c8bb519a79460a0b5bc5ffbdabd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"edb78a142d2e5948e63647c0646aa7e7886935f0\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"1a6a0951fc009f6d9fe8ebea2d2417d80d54097b\",\"lessThan\":\"f5ca450087c3baf3651055e7a6de92600f827af3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0c1054e0e5fdef2369fb089e94def978bd209e1f\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"8316b60582facd4068fb0916c4db2418c21b7174\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.19.26\",\"lessThan\":\"4.20\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4.20.13\",\"lessThan\":\"4.21\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"net/netfilter/nfnetlink_osf.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.0\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.0\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.258\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.209\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.175\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.141\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.91\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.33\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0.10\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"7.0.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.1\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":9.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"CRITICAL\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":3.9,\"impactScore\":5.2}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-125\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.19.26\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"4.20\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"93062AA3-504F-48D6-A3CD-387C194809F6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.20.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.0\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DAAFF5FD-7741-414F-8AEB-590CCD42FBBF\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.0.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.258\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"207F231A-355F-420A-8F04-8D692D978A01\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.209\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"919C10A9-7951-4A74-BADD-C135A0A8D8B4\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*: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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-05T14:36:01+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-52999",
      "id": "CVE-2026-52999",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-06-24T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: netfilter: nfnetlink_osf: fix out-of-bounds read on option matching",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-52999.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-03T23:36:59Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-52999",
      "id": "CVE-2026-52999",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-06-26T02:14:03Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "228",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "67",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-52999",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-52999.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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