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122 vulnerabilities by erlang
CVE-2026-59251 (GCVE-0-2026-59251)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Denial of service via exponential certificate policy tree growth in path validation
Summary
Allocation of resources without limits in Erlang/OTP public_key certificate path validation allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain during the TLS handshake.
During RFC 5280 policy processing in public_key:pkix_path_validation/3, the certificate policy tree maintained by pubkey_policy_tree grows without an upper bound. When a certificate chain contains M policies per certificate and K certificates, the tree grows on the order of M^K nodes because pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2 extend the tree per policy per certificate. A modest chain with many policies per certificate is enough to pin BEAM schedulers and exhaust the node's memory, taking down the entire VM. The attacker only needs to be able to present a certificate chain to the victim, which is the normal precondition for a TLS handshake, so exploitation succeeds against any incoming or outgoing TLS connection that validates the peer's chain (the default for SSL/TLS clients and mutual-TLS servers).
This is the same vulnerability class as OpenSSL's X509_verify_cert policy tree DoS.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl and program routines pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to public_key from 1.15 before 1.21.4, 1.20.3.4 and 1.17.1.5.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59251.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59251 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f8580fc11709… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f04c6bba38de… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-59250 (GCVE-0-2026-59250)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 15:25 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Megaco flex scanner buffer overflow via oversized property parm name
Summary
Classic buffer overflow in the Erlang/OTP megaco flex scanner C driver allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt the driver's memory (and potentially achieve remote code execution or a denial-of-service crash) by sending a single text-encoded H.248/Megaco message containing an oversized property parm name.
When tokenizing a Local/Remote descriptor, mfs_load_property_groups extracts the attacker-controlled property name (bounded only by the message length) and, when no value follows, formats it into a fixed 512-byte error_msg field of the MfsErlDrvData struct using an unchecked sprintf call. Names longer than roughly 452 bytes overflow into the immediately following struct fields (text_buf, text_ptr, term_spec, term_spec_size, term_spec_index), overwriting live pointers and counters with attacker-chosen bytes. Subsequent scanner code writes and frees through the corrupted pointers, producing arbitrary write and arbitrary free primitives inside the BEAM VM process, which can be leveraged for remote code execution. On builds compiled with _FORTIFY_SOURCE the overflow is detected at runtime and terminates the process with SIGABRT, resulting in denial of service.
The overflow occurs in the flex scanner before any grammar or Megaco-level authentication processing, so exploitation requires only network reachability to the megaco transport port on a node configured with {scanner, flex}.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/megaco/src/flex/megaco_flex_scanner_drv.flex.src and program routines mfs_load_property_groups.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to megaco from 3.17.1 before 4.9.1, 4.8.3.1 and 4.7.2.2. Versions prior to OTP 17.0 are also affected but are not listed because the OTP version scheme is only defined from OTP 17.0 onwards.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59250.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59250 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/8704c8f550a1… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-58227 (GCVE-0-2026-58227)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 14:39 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS/DTLS denial of service via unbounded recursion on cross-signed peer certificate chain
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not detect cycles when reconstructing an incomplete peer certificate chain during a TLS or DTLS handshake. In ssl_certificate:handle_incomplete_chain/5, the received chain is passed to ssl_certificate:build_certificate_chain/5, which walks issuer relationships via ssl_certificate:do_certificate_chain/7 with no cycle detection and no depth limit. When the peer supplies two mutually cross-signed certificates in unordered form (A issues B, B issues A), the issuer lookup alternates between the two certificates and the pair of functions recurses indefinitely, growing the call stack and chain accumulator without bound.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted certificate chain in a TLS or DTLS Certificate handshake message to exhaust available memory and crash the BEAM node. Only a TCP connection and a partial handshake are required; no authentication or completed handshake is needed, and both TLS/DTLS servers and clients are affected when processing peer certificate messages.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 23.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 10.2 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-58227.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-58227 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0307bff2c72b… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/241d43703989… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7db647201779… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-55953 (GCVE-0-2026-55953)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 15:21 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS 1.2 and DTLS client accepts unoffered anonymous cipher suite, bypassing server authentication
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl TLS 1.2 (and earlier) and DTLS client does not verify that the cipher suite selected by the server in ServerHello was among the suites offered by the client in ClientHello. The client-side tls_handshake:hello/5 handler validates the negotiated protocol version and the downgrade sentinel but hands the server-chosen suite directly to ssl_handshake:handle_server_hello_extensions/9, which installs it without a membership check. The TLS 1.3 client path performs this check (per RFC 8446), so it is not affected.
An on-path attacker between the client and the intended server can respond with a ServerHello selecting an anonymous key exchange suite such as TLS_DH_anon_* or TLS_ECDH_anon_* that the client never offered. Anonymous suites do not require the server to present a certificate, so the entire verify_peer and cacerts configuration is bypassed: the attacker completes the handshake with its own ephemeral parameters, no certificate is validated, no hostname is checked, and ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket}. All subsequent application traffic is readable and modifiable by the attacker.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-757 - Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation ('Algorithm Downgrade')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55953.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55953 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/064e23641461… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0a82596d425a… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e6ff938116b2… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-55737 (GCVE-0-2026-55737)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 15:13 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap pointer corruption via signed/unsigned mismatch in LARGE_TUPLE_EXT decoding in erts external term format decoder
Summary
Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error and Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts allows an attacker who can supply a crafted Erlang external term format (ETF) binary to binary_to_term/1 to corrupt the BEAM heap pointer and crash the virtual machine.
When decoding a LARGE_TUPLE_EXT term, the validation pass decoded_size() in erts/emulator/beam/external.c reads the 32-bit arity field as unsigned (get_uint32()), while the decode pass dec_term() reads the same field as a signed 32-bit integer (get_int32()) into an int. An arity wire value of 0x80000000 passes validation as 2147483648 but decodes as -2147483648, so the subsequent hp += n moves the heap allocation pointer backward. Neither pass enforces the runtime tuple-arity limit MAX_ARITYVAL. The result is an out-of-bounds heap write; in practice the VM detects an impossible heap size and aborts, denying service. The required padding is large when uncompressed but the compressed-ETF envelope shrinks it to a small payload on the wire.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 25.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 13.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55737.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55737 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5210b42a9d3… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-54890 (GCVE-0-2026-54890)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 15:39 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding
Summary
Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.
The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as "Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)".
The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings).
Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011).
This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54890 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0c… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-47078 (GCVE-0-2026-47078)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 15:03 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Relative path traversal in zip:unzip/zip:extract via check_dir_level depth-counter bypass
Summary
Relative Path Traversal vulnerability in Erlang OTP (stdlib zip module) allows writing files outside the intended extraction directory via a crafted zip archive.
zip:unzip/1,2 and zip:extract/1,2 validate entry paths using zip:check_dir_level/2, which tracks directory depth as a running integer counter: .. decrements it, normal path components increment it. The caller rejects only paths where the final counter value is less than zero. A path such as ../x/y causes the counter to go negative mid-traversal then recover to zero, passing validation while resolving to a location outside the extraction directory when joined with the current working directory via add_cwd.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/stdlib/src/zip.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.1 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to stdlib from 6.1 before 8.0.3, 7.3.0.1 and 6.2.2.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-23 - Relative Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
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|---|---|
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| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47078.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47078 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/8a933c9c7835… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2026-42792 (GCVE-0-2026-42792)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-27 14:58 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
epmd permanent DoS via EMFILE on accept(2) in erts
Summary
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts (epmd) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to permanently terminate the Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd) via connection slot exhaustion.
The do_accept function in erts/epmd/src/epmd_srv.c calls epmd_cleanup_exit() when accept(2) returns EMFILE (per-process file descriptor limit reached) or ENFILE (system-wide file descriptor limit reached), rather than treating these as recoverable conditions. An attacker can exhaust epmd's file descriptor slots by holding many TCP connections open while periodically sending a single byte to reset the idle timeout, then causing accept(2) to return EMFILE, which kills the daemon. epmd has no per-source-IP connection cap, making the attack feasible from a single source.
On Debian/Ubuntu default packaging the impact is amplified: the systemd unit inherits a low file descriptor soft limit, and repeated daemon deaths trigger systemd's start-rate-limit, permanently failing both epmd.service and epmd.socket and requiring manual operator intervention to recover.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-42792.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-42792 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/865d203e4a6a… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-55952 (GCVE-0-2026-55952)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS 1.3 server denial of service via malformed ClientHello pre-shared key extension
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not validate that the PSK identity list and binder list carried in a TLS 1.3 ClientHello pre-shared key extension have equal length before passing them to the session ticket handler. In tls_handshake_1_3:handle_pre_shared_key/3, an OfferedPreSharedKeys record with a mismatched number of identities and binders is forwarded directly to tls_server_session_ticket:use/4, which crashes the session ticket handler process.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a single crafted ClientHello to a TLS 1.3 server with session tickets enabled (stateful or stateless mode) and permanently disrupt session ticket handling on that listener. New TLS 1.3 handshakes complete but subsequently crash when the server attempts to issue a session ticket, effectively making TLS 1.3 unusable on the affected listener until the ssl application is restarted. TLS 1.2 connections are not affected.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1284 - Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55952.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55952 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e77823e6d980… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/2c3e59979764… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/9b5437c72fa3… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-55950 (GCVE-0-2026-55950)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DTLS listener crash via race condition in dtls_packet_demux causes denial of service for all sessions
Summary
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (dtls_packet_demux module) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash all active DTLS sessions on a listener.
A DTLS server listener uses a single shared dtls_packet_demux gen_server process to route incoming UDP datagrams to the correct connection handler. When a DTLS client reconnects rapidly from the same source address and port (sending multiple ClientHello messages in quick succession), a race condition in the demux's internal gb_trees key-value store causes a {key_exists, {old, Client}} crash, terminating the demux process. Because the demux is shared across all DTLS associations on that listener, its crash immediately kills every active DTLS session, not just the attacker's.
The attack is pre-authentication: the attacker only needs to send UDP datagrams containing valid ClientHello messages from the same source IP and port before the intermediate DOWN monitor message is processed by the gen_server. No credentials, no completed handshake, and no special configuration are required, and the crash can be repeated indefinitely to create a persistent denial of service for all clients of that listener.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/dtls_packet_demux.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 25.3 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 10.9 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55950.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55950 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e44d2bf01c44… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2026-54891 (GCVE-0-2026-54891)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Plaintext APPLICATION_DATA injected during TLS handshake delivered to client application post-handshake in ssl
Summary
Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (tls_gen_connection module) allows a network-positioned attacker to inject unauthenticated plaintext that the TLS client application later treats as authenticated server data.
The function tls_gen_connection:handle_protocol_record/3 rejects APPLICATION_DATA records that arrive in pre-handshake states when the TLS endpoint acts as a server, but does not apply the same check when the endpoint acts as a client. A network-positioned attacker can send plaintext APPLICATION_DATA records to the client during the handshake. The records are buffered and, once the handshake completes successfully, delivered to the application as if they were authenticated post-handshake data. The attacker cannot observe the client's response or steer the connection, so the impact is limited to blind injection of unauthenticated bytes. The injection window is wider for TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3 than for TLS 1.3.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/tls_gen_connection.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10. TLS 1.3 is affected starting with OTP 22.0, when TLS 1.3 support was added.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-924 - Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54891.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54891 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/07d2d0e93f6a… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-54887 (GCVE-0-2026-54887)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DTLS server cookie bypass during startup window due to empty initial cookie secret
Summary
Use of Default Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (DTLS server) allows predictable DTLS cookie computation during the startup window, enabling source address verification bypass.
On DTLS server startup, dtls_server_connection:initial_hello/3 initializes previous_cookie_secret to the empty binary (<<>>) instead of a random value. Because HMAC with an empty key is deterministic, anyone who observes the plaintext ClientHello can compute dtls_handshake:cookie(<<>>, IP, Port, Hello) and forge a valid DTLS cookie before the first rotation of the cookie secret. The DTLS cookie (RFC 6347 §4.2.1) is a denial-of-service mitigation that prevents spoofed source IPs from forcing the server to allocate state and perform expensive cryptographic operations; it is not an authentication mechanism. During the window from server startup until the first secret rotation (0 to 15 seconds), an attacker who can observe the plaintext ClientHello can bypass the source address verification, enabling DTLS handshake amplification with spoofed source addresses.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/dtls_server_connection.erl and program routine dtls_server_connection:initial_hello/3.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 20.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 8.2 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1394 - Use of Default Cryptographic Key
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54887.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54887 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/888e3bcd72d5… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-54886 (GCVE-0-2026-54886)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SSH SFTP server denial of service via extended channel data infinite loop
Summary
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to render an SFTP channel permanently unresponsive.
The handle_data/4 function in ssh_sftpd contains a catch-all clause that accepts channel data of any type. When channel data with a non-zero type code (SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA) arrives with an empty pending buffer and a payload at or below the SFTP packet size limit, the clause tail-calls itself with identical arguments, creating an infinite loop.
The SFTP protocol operates exclusively on normal channel data (type 0). Extended data (non-zero type) is meaningless for SFTP and is never sent by conforming clients. However, the SSH protocol permits any channel participant to send extended data on an open channel, so an authenticated SFTP client can trigger the loop by sending SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA with any data_type_code and any non-empty payload at or below the size limit.
The targeted ssh_sftpd process enters an infinite tail-recursive loop. It never processes another message, its message queue grows without bound, and it can only be stopped by killing the process. BEAM's reduction-based scheduler preemption continues to function, so other processes on the node are not starved, but each stuck channel process consumes its full CPU time share continuously and accumulates unbounded message queue memory. Opening many channels amplifies the CPU and memory impact.
Erlang/OTP SSH configurations using the default max_channels setting (infinity) allow an authenticated user to open unlimited channels per connection, amplifying the attack without requiring multiple TCP connections or authentications.
No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable through this issue. The impact is limited to denial of service on targeted SFTP channels, with secondary CPU degradation and memory growth.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routine ssh_sftpd:handle_data/4.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 6.0.2, 5.5.2.2 and 5.2.11.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54886.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54886 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/eaf9550b8ad4… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-53422 (GCVE-0-2026-53422)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SFTP REALPATH path-existence oracle allowing filesystem enumeration outside configured root
Summary
Observable Response Discrepancy vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to enumerate the existence of files and directories outside the configured root directory.
The SSH_FXP_REALPATH handler in ssh_sftpd calls relate_file_name/3 with Canonicalize=false, unlike every other SFTP operation handler. This allows .. components in the requested path to bypass the is_within_root/2 check without being resolved. The un-canonicalized path then enters resolve_symlinks/2, which walks up the directory tree above the configured root and issues read_link() syscalls on arbitrary filesystem paths.
An authenticated SFTP client can exploit this by sending a REALPATH request with a crafted traversal path. The server response differs depending on whether the target path exists on the host filesystem (SSH_FXP_NAME when the path resolves successfully, SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE when it does not). This creates a path-existence oracle that an attacker can use to enumerate the filesystem structure outside the configured root, including the existence of sensitive files, directories, and mount points.
The vulnerability leaks only the existence of paths. No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable through this issue alone. The information gained may assist further attacks when combined with other vulnerabilities.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routine ssh_sftpd:handle_op/4.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 6.0.2, 5.5.2.2 and 5.2.11.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-204 - Observable Response Discrepancy
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-53422.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-53422 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/059e5785ef8c… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/86622cfaacf5… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5a8f50ae688… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-49760 (GCVE-0-2026-49760)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-06-10 14:35 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stack Buffer Overflow in ei_s_print_term at Very Large Integer
Summary
Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Erlang OTP (erl_interface) allows Stack-based Buffer Overflow.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/erl_interface/src/misc/ei_printterm.c and program routine ei_s_print_term.
The C function ei_s_print_term uses an internal 2000-character stack buffer to format terms. When called with an encoded Erlang term containing a very large integer (encoded representation exceeding 2000 characters), the buffer overflows. The overflow bytes are restricted to the ASCII values of 0-9 and A-F, which limits exploitation to Denial of Service.
The companion function ei_print_term, which prints directly to a FILE instead of a memory buffer, does not contain this bug.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.2, OTP 28.5.0.2 and OTP 27.3.4.13, corresponding to erl_interface from 3.7.16 before 5.8.1, 5.7.0.1 and 5.5.2.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-49760.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-49760 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0bef277b2d39… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-49759 (GCVE-0-2026-49759)
Vulnerability from nvd – Published: 2026-06-10 14:35 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stack buffer overflow in SCTP error cause parsing in inet_drv allows remote VM crash
Summary
Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts (inet_drv) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash the BEAM VM by sending a crafted SCTP ERROR chunk.
The sctp_parse_error_chunk function in erts/emulator/drivers/common/inet_drv.c parses SCTP ERROR chunks and writes cause codes into a fixed-size stack-allocated ErlDrvTermData spec[] array without checking bounds. A remote attacker who has established an SCTP association to a listening port can send a single crafted SCTP ERROR chunk containing enough cause codes to overflow the stack buffer, crashing the VM. The attacker can only write 16-bit values interleaved with a fixed tag, so the overflow does not provide a controlled return address, limiting exploitation to Denial of Service.
A crafted SCTP ERROR chunk may also leak bits and pieces of Erlang VM memory into the received error packet observed by the Erlang process. Such data is already readable by the user running the Erlang VM, so the disclosure scope is limited.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.2, OTP 28.5.0.2 and OTP 27.3.4.13, corresponding to erts from 6.0 before 17.0.2, 16.4.0.2 and 15.2.7.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-49759.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-49759 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/3983d4952843… | patch |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-49759 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2487607 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
6.0 , < *
(otp)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
17.0 , < *
(otp)
Affected: 84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 , < 3983d495284331c121f600a80bac9fcf4e16381e (git) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.2 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:16.2 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 17.1 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:17.1 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenStack Platform 18.0 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openstack:18.0 |
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CVE-2026-54890 (GCVE-0-2026-54890)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:39 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
BEAM VM crash via integer underflow in binary_to_term BIT_BINARY_EXT decoding
Summary
Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound) vulnerability in erlang otp erlang/otp (erts modules), erlang otp erts (erts modules) allows Forced Integer Overflow, Excessive Allocation. This vulnerability is associated with program files erts/emulator/beam/external.c, emulator/beam/external.c.
The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler in the External Term Format (ETF) decoder accepts an encoding with both length and trailing-bits fields set to zero. The subsequent computation of the bitstring size underflows an unsigned integer, producing a value of roughly 2^64 that is then passed as a memory allocation size. The allocator aborts the entire node with a message such as "Cannot allocate 2305843009213693951 bytes of memory (of type binary)".
The crash is a VM-level abort, not an Erlang-level exception. It cannot be intercepted by supervision trees, by try/catch, or by passing the [safe] option to binary_to_term/2 (which only restricts atom creation and does not perform structural validation of binary encodings).
Any application that decodes ETF from untrusted sources via binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term() is exposed. The Erlang distribution protocol also decodes incoming terms through the same code path, but distribution is expected to run on trusted networks per the OTP Secure Coding Guidelines (DSG-011).
This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 15.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54890.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54890 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/dc1bf9344c0c… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2026-59251 (GCVE-0-2026-59251)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:30 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Denial of service via exponential certificate policy tree growth in path validation
Summary
Allocation of resources without limits in Erlang/OTP public_key certificate path validation allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain during the TLS handshake.
During RFC 5280 policy processing in public_key:pkix_path_validation/3, the certificate policy tree maintained by pubkey_policy_tree grows without an upper bound. When a certificate chain contains M policies per certificate and K certificates, the tree grows on the order of M^K nodes because pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2 extend the tree per policy per certificate. A modest chain with many policies per certificate is enough to pin BEAM schedulers and exhaust the node's memory, taking down the entire VM. The attacker only needs to be able to present a certificate chain to the victim, which is the normal precondition for a TLS handshake, so exploitation succeeds against any incoming or outgoing TLS connection that validates the peer's chain (the default for SSL/TLS clients and mutual-TLS servers).
This is the same vulnerability class as OpenSSL's X509_verify_cert policy tree DoS.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl and program routines pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to public_key from 1.15 before 1.21.4, 1.20.3.4 and 1.17.1.5.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-770 - Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59251.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59251 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f8580fc11709… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f04c6bba38de… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-59250 (GCVE-0-2026-59250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:25 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Megaco flex scanner buffer overflow via oversized property parm name
Summary
Classic buffer overflow in the Erlang/OTP megaco flex scanner C driver allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to corrupt the driver's memory (and potentially achieve remote code execution or a denial-of-service crash) by sending a single text-encoded H.248/Megaco message containing an oversized property parm name.
When tokenizing a Local/Remote descriptor, mfs_load_property_groups extracts the attacker-controlled property name (bounded only by the message length) and, when no value follows, formats it into a fixed 512-byte error_msg field of the MfsErlDrvData struct using an unchecked sprintf call. Names longer than roughly 452 bytes overflow into the immediately following struct fields (text_buf, text_ptr, term_spec, term_spec_size, term_spec_index), overwriting live pointers and counters with attacker-chosen bytes. Subsequent scanner code writes and frees through the corrupted pointers, producing arbitrary write and arbitrary free primitives inside the BEAM VM process, which can be leveraged for remote code execution. On builds compiled with _FORTIFY_SOURCE the overflow is detected at runtime and terminates the process with SIGABRT, resulting in denial of service.
The overflow occurs in the flex scanner before any grammar or Megaco-level authentication processing, so exploitation requires only network reachability to the megaco transport port on a node configured with {scanner, flex}.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/megaco/src/flex/megaco_flex_scanner_drv.flex.src and program routines mfs_load_property_groups.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to megaco from 3.17.1 before 4.9.1, 4.8.3.1 and 4.7.2.2. Versions prior to OTP 17.0 are also affected but are not listed because the OTP version scheme is only defined from OTP 17.0 onwards.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59250.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59250 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/8704c8f550a1… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-55953 (GCVE-0-2026-55953)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:21 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS 1.2 and DTLS client accepts unoffered anonymous cipher suite, bypassing server authentication
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl TLS 1.2 (and earlier) and DTLS client does not verify that the cipher suite selected by the server in ServerHello was among the suites offered by the client in ClientHello. The client-side tls_handshake:hello/5 handler validates the negotiated protocol version and the downgrade sentinel but hands the server-chosen suite directly to ssl_handshake:handle_server_hello_extensions/9, which installs it without a membership check. The TLS 1.3 client path performs this check (per RFC 8446), so it is not affected.
An on-path attacker between the client and the intended server can respond with a ServerHello selecting an anonymous key exchange suite such as TLS_DH_anon_* or TLS_ECDH_anon_* that the client never offered. Anonymous suites do not require the server to present a certificate, so the entire verify_peer and cacerts configuration is bypassed: the attacker completes the handshake with its own ephemeral parameters, no certificate is validated, no hostname is checked, and ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket}. All subsequent application traffic is readable and modifiable by the attacker.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-757 - Selection of Less-Secure Algorithm During Negotiation ('Algorithm Downgrade')
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55953.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55953 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/064e23641461… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0a82596d425a… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e6ff938116b2… | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-55737 (GCVE-0-2026-55737)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:13 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap pointer corruption via signed/unsigned mismatch in LARGE_TUPLE_EXT decoding in erts external term format decoder
Summary
Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error and Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts allows an attacker who can supply a crafted Erlang external term format (ETF) binary to binary_to_term/1 to corrupt the BEAM heap pointer and crash the virtual machine.
When decoding a LARGE_TUPLE_EXT term, the validation pass decoded_size() in erts/emulator/beam/external.c reads the 32-bit arity field as unsigned (get_uint32()), while the decode pass dec_term() reads the same field as a signed 32-bit integer (get_int32()) into an int. An arity wire value of 0x80000000 passes validation as 2147483648 but decodes as -2147483648, so the subsequent hp += n moves the heap allocation pointer backward. Neither pass enforces the runtime tuple-arity limit MAX_ARITYVAL. The result is an out-of-bounds heap write; in practice the VM detects an impossible heap size and aborts, denying service. The required padding is large when uncompressed but the compressed-ETF envelope shrinks it to a small payload on the wire.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 25.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 13.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
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|---|---|
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| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55737.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55737 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5210b42a9d3… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-47078 (GCVE-0-2026-47078)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:03 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Relative path traversal in zip:unzip/zip:extract via check_dir_level depth-counter bypass
Summary
Relative Path Traversal vulnerability in Erlang OTP (stdlib zip module) allows writing files outside the intended extraction directory via a crafted zip archive.
zip:unzip/1,2 and zip:extract/1,2 validate entry paths using zip:check_dir_level/2, which tracks directory depth as a running integer counter: .. decrements it, normal path components increment it. The caller rejects only paths where the final counter value is less than zero. A path such as ../x/y causes the counter to go negative mid-traversal then recover to zero, passing validation while resolving to a location outside the extraction directory when joined with the current working directory via add_cwd.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/stdlib/src/zip.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 27.1 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to stdlib from 6.1 before 8.0.3, 7.3.0.1 and 6.2.2.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-23 - Relative Path Traversal
Assigner
References
5 references
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| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-47078.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-47078 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/8a933c9c7835… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-42792 (GCVE-0-2026-42792)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 14:58 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
epmd permanent DoS via EMFILE on accept(2) in erts
Summary
Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts (epmd) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to permanently terminate the Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd) via connection slot exhaustion.
The do_accept function in erts/epmd/src/epmd_srv.c calls epmd_cleanup_exit() when accept(2) returns EMFILE (per-process file descriptor limit reached) or ENFILE (system-wide file descriptor limit reached), rather than treating these as recoverable conditions. An attacker can exhaust epmd's file descriptor slots by holding many TCP connections open while periodically sending a single byte to reset the idle timeout, then causing accept(2) to return EMFILE, which kills the daemon. epmd has no per-source-IP connection cap, making the attack feasible from a single source.
On Debian/Ubuntu default packaging the impact is amplified: the systemd unit inherits a low file descriptor soft limit, and repeated daemon deaths trigger systemd's start-rate-limit, permanently failing both epmd.service and epmd.socket and requiring manual operator intervention to recover.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-42792.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-42792 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/865d203e4a6a… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-58227 (GCVE-0-2026-58227)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 14:39 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS/DTLS denial of service via unbounded recursion on cross-signed peer certificate chain
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not detect cycles when reconstructing an incomplete peer certificate chain during a TLS or DTLS handshake. In ssl_certificate:handle_incomplete_chain/5, the received chain is passed to ssl_certificate:build_certificate_chain/5, which walks issuer relationships via ssl_certificate:do_certificate_chain/7 with no cycle detection and no depth limit. When the peer supplies two mutually cross-signed certificates in unordered form (A issues B, B issues A), the issuer lookup alternates between the two certificates and the pair of functions recurses indefinitely, growing the call stack and chain accumulator without bound.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a crafted certificate chain in a TLS or DTLS Certificate handshake message to exhaust available memory and crash the BEAM node. Only a TCP connection and a partial handshake are required; no authentication or completed handshake is needed, and both TLS/DTLS servers and clients are affected when processing peer certificate messages.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 23.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to ssl from 10.2 before 11.7.4, 11.6.0.4 and 11.2.12.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-674 - Uncontrolled Recursion
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-58227.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-58227 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0307bff2c72b… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/241d43703989… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/7db647201779… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-54891 (GCVE-0-2026-54891)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Plaintext APPLICATION_DATA injected during TLS handshake delivered to client application post-handshake in ssl
Summary
Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (tls_gen_connection module) allows a network-positioned attacker to inject unauthenticated plaintext that the TLS client application later treats as authenticated server data.
The function tls_gen_connection:handle_protocol_record/3 rejects APPLICATION_DATA records that arrive in pre-handshake states when the TLS endpoint acts as a server, but does not apply the same check when the endpoint acts as a client. A network-positioned attacker can send plaintext APPLICATION_DATA records to the client during the handshake. The records are buffered and, once the handshake completes successfully, delivered to the application as if they were authenticated post-handshake data. The attacker cannot observe the client's response or steer the connection, so the impact is limited to blind injection of unauthenticated bytes. The injection window is wider for TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3 than for TLS 1.3.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/tls_gen_connection.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10. TLS 1.3 is affected starting with OTP 22.0, when TLS 1.3 support was added.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-924 - Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54891.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54891 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/07d2d0e93f6a… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2026-55950 (GCVE-0-2026-55950)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DTLS listener crash via race condition in dtls_packet_demux causes denial of service for all sessions
Summary
Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (dtls_packet_demux module) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash all active DTLS sessions on a listener.
A DTLS server listener uses a single shared dtls_packet_demux gen_server process to route incoming UDP datagrams to the correct connection handler. When a DTLS client reconnects rapidly from the same source address and port (sending multiple ClientHello messages in quick succession), a race condition in the demux's internal gb_trees key-value store causes a {key_exists, {old, Client}} crash, terminating the demux process. Because the demux is shared across all DTLS associations on that listener, its crash immediately kills every active DTLS session, not just the attacker's.
The attack is pre-authentication: the attacker only needs to send UDP datagrams containing valid ClientHello messages from the same source IP and port before the intermediate DOWN monitor message is processed by the gen_server. No credentials, no completed handshake, and no special configuration are required, and the crash can be repeated indefinitely to create a persistent denial of service for all clients of that listener.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/dtls_packet_demux.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 25.3 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 10.9 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-367 - Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55950.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55950 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e44d2bf01c44… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-54886 (GCVE-0-2026-54886)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SSH SFTP server denial of service via extended channel data infinite loop
Summary
Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop') vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to render an SFTP channel permanently unresponsive.
The handle_data/4 function in ssh_sftpd contains a catch-all clause that accepts channel data of any type. When channel data with a non-zero type code (SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA) arrives with an empty pending buffer and a payload at or below the SFTP packet size limit, the clause tail-calls itself with identical arguments, creating an infinite loop.
The SFTP protocol operates exclusively on normal channel data (type 0). Extended data (non-zero type) is meaningless for SFTP and is never sent by conforming clients. However, the SSH protocol permits any channel participant to send extended data on an open channel, so an authenticated SFTP client can trigger the loop by sending SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA with any data_type_code and any non-empty payload at or below the size limit.
The targeted ssh_sftpd process enters an infinite tail-recursive loop. It never processes another message, its message queue grows without bound, and it can only be stopped by killing the process. BEAM's reduction-based scheduler preemption continues to function, so other processes on the node are not starved, but each stuck channel process consumes its full CPU time share continuously and accumulates unbounded message queue memory. Opening many channels amplifies the CPU and memory impact.
Erlang/OTP SSH configurations using the default max_channels setting (infinity) allow an authenticated user to open unlimited channels per connection, amplifying the attack without requiring multiple TCP connections or authentications.
No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable through this issue. The impact is limited to denial of service on targeted SFTP channels, with secondary CPU degradation and memory growth.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routine ssh_sftpd:handle_data/4.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 6.0.2, 5.5.2.2 and 5.2.11.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54886.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54886 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/eaf9550b8ad4… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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CVE-2026-55952 (GCVE-0-2026-55952)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
TLS 1.3 server denial of service via malformed ClientHello pre-shared key extension
Summary
The Erlang/OTP ssl application does not validate that the PSK identity list and binder list carried in a TLS 1.3 ClientHello pre-shared key extension have equal length before passing them to the session ticket handler. In tls_handshake_1_3:handle_pre_shared_key/3, an OfferedPreSharedKeys record with a mismatched number of identities and binders is forwarded directly to tls_server_session_ticket:use/4, which crashes the session ticket handler process.
An unauthenticated remote attacker can send a single crafted ClientHello to a TLS 1.3 server with session tickets enabled (stateful or stateless mode) and permanently disrupt session ticket handling on that listener. New TLS 1.3 handshakes complete but subsequently crash when the server attempts to issue a session ticket, effectively making TLS 1.3 unusable on the affected listener until the ssl application is restarted. TLS 1.2 connections are not affected.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1284 - Improper Validation of Specified Quantity in Input
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55952.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55952 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e77823e6d980… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/2c3e59979764… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/9b5437c72fa3… | patch |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-54887 (GCVE-0-2026-54887)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DTLS server cookie bypass during startup window due to empty initial cookie secret
Summary
Use of Default Cryptographic Key vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (DTLS server) allows predictable DTLS cookie computation during the startup window, enabling source address verification bypass.
On DTLS server startup, dtls_server_connection:initial_hello/3 initializes previous_cookie_secret to the empty binary (<<>>) instead of a random value. Because HMAC with an empty key is deterministic, anyone who observes the plaintext ClientHello can compute dtls_handshake:cookie(<<>>, IP, Port, Hello) and forge a valid DTLS cookie before the first rotation of the cookie secret. The DTLS cookie (RFC 6347 §4.2.1) is a denial-of-service mitigation that prevents spoofed source IPs from forcing the server to allocate state and perform expensive cryptographic operations; it is not an authentication mechanism. During the window from server startup until the first secret rotation (0 to 15 seconds), an attacker who can observe the plaintext ClientHello can bypass the source address verification, enabling DTLS handshake amplification with spoofed source addresses.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/dtls_server_connection.erl and program routine dtls_server_connection:initial_hello/3.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 20.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssl from 8.2 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1394 - Use of Default Cryptographic Key
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-54887.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-54887 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/888e3bcd72d5… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2026-53422 (GCVE-0-2026-53422)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 16:06 – Updated: 2026-07-24 14:16
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SFTP REALPATH path-existence oracle allowing filesystem enumeration outside configured root
Summary
Observable Response Discrepancy vulnerability in Erlang OTP ssh (ssh_sftpd module) allows an authenticated SFTP user to enumerate the existence of files and directories outside the configured root directory.
The SSH_FXP_REALPATH handler in ssh_sftpd calls relate_file_name/3 with Canonicalize=false, unlike every other SFTP operation handler. This allows .. components in the requested path to bypass the is_within_root/2 check without being resolved. The un-canonicalized path then enters resolve_symlinks/2, which walks up the directory tree above the configured root and issues read_link() syscalls on arbitrary filesystem paths.
An authenticated SFTP client can exploit this by sending a REALPATH request with a crafted traversal path. The server response differs depending on whether the target path exists on the host filesystem (SSH_FXP_NAME when the path resolves successfully, SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE when it does not). This creates a path-existence oracle that an attacker can use to enumerate the filesystem structure outside the configured root, including the existence of sensitive files, directories, and mount points.
The vulnerability leaks only the existence of paths. No file contents, credentials, or write access are obtainable through this issue alone. The information gained may assist further attacks when combined with other vulnerabilities.
This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/ssh/src/ssh_sftpd.erl and program routine ssh_sftpd:handle_op/4.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 29.0.3, OTP 28.5.0.3 and OTP 27.3.4.14, corresponding to ssh from 3.0.1 before 6.0.2, 5.5.2.2 and 5.2.11.9.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-204 - Observable Response Discrepancy
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-53422.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-53422 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/059e5785ef8c… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/86622cfaacf5… | patch |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5a8f50ae688… | patch |
Impacted products
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"url": "https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5a8f50ae68888ff243c5c741a06d2b3a4b48b7a"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "SFTP REALPATH path-existence oracle allowing filesystem enumeration outside configured root",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
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"value": "\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse OS-level chroot to run the Erlang VM or SFTP server process in an isolated filesystem environment, eliminating reliance on the application-level \u003ctt\u003eroot\u003c/tt\u003e option.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eEnsure the SFTP server port on the machine running the Erlang/OTP SFTP server is not reachable from untrusted machines.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eEnsure that no sensitive information (usernames, project names, mount topology) is inferrable from the existence or non-existence of paths on the host filesystem.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"
}
],
"value": "* Use OS-level chroot to run the Erlang VM or SFTP server process in an isolated filesystem environment, eliminating reliance on the application-level root option.\n* Ensure the SFTP server port on the machine running the Erlang/OTP SFTP server is not reachable from untrusted machines.\n* Ensure that no sensitive information (usernames, project names, mount topology) is inferrable from the existence or non-existence of paths on the host filesystem."
}
],
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"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db",
"assignerShortName": "EEF",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-53422",
"datePublished": "2026-07-02T16:06:03.802Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-09T11:01:47.529Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-24T14:16:07.357Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}