Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

614 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-75922 (GCVE-0-2026-75922)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-23 18:16 – Updated: 2026-08-23 21:05
VLAI
Title
Reverse::Proxy versions before 0.04 for Perl allow HTTP request smuggling via a percent-decoded PATH_INFO written unencoded to the upstream request line
Summary
Reverse::Proxy versions before 0.04 for Perl allow HTTP request smuggling via a percent-decoded PATH_INFO written unencoded to the upstream request line. PSGI hands PATH_INFO to an application percent-decoded, so a %XX sequence in the client URL has become a raw byte by the time the proxy sees it. The proxy appends that byte string to the upstream base URL, and for an Upgrade tunnel writes it into a request line it serializes itself, re-encoding nothing in either path. The HTTP client that sends the resulting URL does not validate the target either. A path containing %0d%0a therefore arrives at the upstream as a CRLF that ends the request line, and a decoded space, '?' or '#' truncates it the same way. Everything the client writes after the CRLF is read by the upstream as a second request. On the buffered path it arrives on a keep-alive connection the proxy pools and reuses for other clients. Its method, path and headers are all chosen by the client, and the upstream attributes it to the proxy, so it reaches upstream paths that the proxy's own routing does not expose.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
  • CWE-93 - Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 0.04 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-73495 (GCVE-0-2026-73495)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 21:11 – Updated: 2026-08-13 13:04
VLAI
Title
blaze: Chunked-body trailer fields promoted into Request.headers in blaze-server (front-end header-sanitization bypass)
Summary
blaze is a Scala library for building asynchronous pipelines, with a focus on network IO. Prior to 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42, blaze-server can merge HTTP/1.1 chunked-body trailer fields into Request.headers. Because trailer fields are attacker-controlled, an unauthenticated remote client can inject arbitrary header names and values, including X-Forwarded-For and internal authorization headers, that a fronting proxy sanitized from the request-header section, bypassing header-based trust decisions in the application. Any http4s application using BlazeServerBuilder over HTTP/1.1 whose routes or middleware trust proxy-set headers, including X-Forwarded-For, X-Real-IP, and X-Forwarded-Host, is affected. If a fronting proxy strips or normalizes those headers but forwards chunked bodies with trailers intact, an attacker can spoof client IP for allow-lists, rate limits, or auditing, forge the https scheme, or inject internal authorization headers. A promoted Connection: close trailer is also honored, allowing attacker-controlled termination of pooled backend connections. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42.
Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 13:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
http4s blaze Affected: < 0.23.18
Affected: >= 1.0.0-M1, < 1.0.0-M42
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-73257 (GCVE-0-2026-73257)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:30 – Updated: 2026-08-20 19:34
VLAI
Title
Mongoose: Content-Length + Transfer-Encoding coexistence enables request smuggling
Summary
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Priro to version 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can send an HTTP request containing both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked. The cl_count and te_count checks in the mg_http_parse() and http_cb() paths in src/http.c accept both headers and prioritize chunked encoding, while a Content-Length-preferring reverse proxy can use a different request boundary. This CL.TE desynchronization can inject requests that access or modify resources in another user context. This issue is fixed in version 7.22.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 19:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cesanta mongoose Affected: < 7.22
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-73256 (GCVE-0-2026-73256)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:37 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:46
VLAI
Title
Mongoose: HTTP/1.0 detection off-by-one enables request smuggling via chunked TE
Summary
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Prior to 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit an HTTP/1.0 reverse-proxy deployment by sending a request with Transfer-Encoding: chunked and conflicting framing. The http_cb() function in src/http.c tests hm.proto.len with an impossible greater-than-eight condition even though mg_http_parse() requires an eight-byte protocol string, so is_http_1_0 is never set. Mongoose consequently processes chunked encoding that an HTTP/1.0 proxy can ignore, enabling request smuggling and unauthorized access or state changes. This issue is fixed in version 7.22.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 21:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cesanta mongoose Affected: < 7.22
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-73051 (GCVE-0-2026-73051)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 11:35 – Updated: 2026-08-14 13:58
VLAI
Title
actix-http before 3.12.1 HTTP Request Smuggling via CL.TE
Summary
actix-http versions before 3.12.1 contain an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability in the HTTP/1.1 parser that accepts requests with both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers. Unauthenticated remote attackers can exploit this through a front-end intermediary to desynchronize backend requests and smuggle malicious HTTP requests to the Actix service.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 13:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
actix actix-web Affected: 0 , < 3.12.0 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.12.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:actix:actix-web:*:*:*:*:*:rust:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-04-18 00:00
Credits
mufeedvh
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-72587 (GCVE-0-2026-72587)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 10:41 – Updated: 2026-08-10 13:21
VLAI
Title
Instatic - Cache Poisoning via Unauthenticated Server Island Endpoint
Summary
A cache poisoning vulnerability in CoreBunch/Instatic through 0.0.14 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to poison the shared process-wide render cache by manipulating the u query parameter of the GET /_instatic/hole/<nodeId> server island endpoint.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 13:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://github.com/CoreBunch/Instatic third-party-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
CoreBunch Instatic Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.0.14 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-10 10:32
Credits
Komiljon Ayubov
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71554 (GCVE-0-2026-71554)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 21:46 – Updated: 2026-08-08 02:49
VLAI
Title
h2: Duplicate Host header could facilitate request smuggling
Summary
h2 is a pure-Python implementation of a HTTP/2 protocol stack. Versions up to and including 4.4.0 accept request header blocks containing more than one Host header, and forward every Host header to the consuming application. Where the consumer downgrades HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.1, the resulting request carries two Host header lines, providing a request smuggling primitive. This issue is fixed in version 4.4.1.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-08 02:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-hyper h2 Affected: < 4.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-71324 (GCVE-0-2026-71324)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-06 15:56 – Updated: 2026-08-07 15:43
VLAI
Title
Traefik: Cross-user response poisoning via proxied CONNECT on Traefik's shared backend keep-alive pool
Summary
Traefik is an open source HTTP reverse proxy and load balancer. Prior to 2.11.53, 3.6.24, and 3.7.9, Traefik's default HTTP reverse proxy forwards a plain HTTP/2 or HTTP/3 CONNECT request and its body to an HTTP/1.1 upstream through a shared net/http.Transport. When the upstream answers the CONNECT with a keep-alive non-2xx response and does not drain the body, Traefik returns the desynchronized backend socket to its shared pool and reuses it for other clients. An unauthenticated attacker can use this behavior to make a different client read the attacker's smuggled response, which can include authenticated or private content from another request. The ForwardAuth middleware with forwardBody true and preserveRequestMethod true can re-issue a CONNECT with the buffered body attached, exposing the auth-client pool to the same desynchronization. This issue is fixed in 2.11.53, 3.6.24, and 3.7.9.
Severity
7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-07 15:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
traefik traefik Affected: < 2.11.53
Affected: >= 3.0.0, < 3.6.24
Affected: >= 3.7.0, < 3.7.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-69243 (GCVE-0-2026-69243)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-03 20:45 – Updated: 2026-08-05 14:54
VLAI
Title
AIOHTTP: HTTP request smuggling via WebSocket upgrade
Summary
AIOHTTP is an asynchronous HTTP client/server framework for asyncio and Python. Prior to 3.14.2, the HTTP parsers were vulnerable to a request smuggling attack relating to WebSocket upgrades. If using the server-side component, an attacker may be able to execute a request smuggling vulnerability using an edge case in the WebSocket upgrade procedure. A WebSocket upgrade request with a body could cause the parser to switch protocols before the complete request body was received, leaving trailing bytes to be handled as upgraded-protocol or pipelined data rather than normal HTTP body data. This issue is fixed in version 3.14.2.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 14:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
aio-libs aiohttp Affected: < 3.14.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-67182 (GCVE-0-2026-67182)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 16:18 – Updated: 2026-07-28 17:10 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Rouille 0.3.3 - 3.6.2 HTTP Request Smuggling via proxy Header Injection
Summary
Rouille 0.3.3 through 3.6.2 contains an HTTP request smuggling vulnerability that allows remote attackers to bypass access controls by injecting bare line feed characters (0x0A) into client-supplied request header values that are copied verbatim to upstream connections without validation. Attackers can craft a header value containing a complete additional HTTP request that is interpreted as a separate request by backends such as Go net/http and Python http.server, causing the backend to process a smuggled request with attacker-chosen method, path, and headers that bypasses the rouille handler's access control logic.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:H/SI:L/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-28 17:08 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tomaka rouille Affected: 0.3.3 , ≤ 3.6.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-26 00:00
Credits
Theodosis Paidakis
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

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