Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

550 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-58055 (GCVE-0-2026-58055)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 01:32 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:51
VLAI
Title
nghttp2 nghttpx - HTTP Request/Response Smuggling via Upgrade Request with Content-Length
Summary
nghttp2's nghttpx proxy through 1.69.0 forwards an HTTP/1.1 Upgrade request that also carries a Content-Length header and body onto reusable keep-alive backend connections, re-adding the Upgrade and Connection headers while passing Content-Length verbatim. A backend that resolves the resulting ambiguous message in the attacker's favor enables HTTP request/response smuggling and cross-client response-queue poisoning.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nghttp2 nghttp2 Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.69.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-26 00:00
Credits
ashdfrkl
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54388 (GCVE-0-2026-54388)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:59 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Tinyproxy - HTTP Request Smuggling via Duplicate Content-Length Headers
Summary
Tinyproxy through 1.11.3, fixed in commit 364cdb6, fails to reject requests containing multiple Content-Length headers with differing values, forwarding all duplicate headers to the backend while using the first value to determine how many request body bytes to consume. Remote attackers can desynchronize the proxy and backend parser state, allowing injection of arbitrary HTTP requests to the backend to enable cache poisoning, access control bypass, and request hijacking.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tinyproxy tinyproxy Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.11.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 364cdb67e0ea00a8e4a7037e2693e0711e816adb (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-07 00:00
Credits
Tristan Madani (@TristanInSec)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-54387 (GCVE-0-2026-54387)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Tinyproxy - HTTP Request Smuggling via CL/TE Desynchronization
Summary
Tinyproxy through 1.11.3, fixed in commit ff45d3b, fails to reconcile conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers, forwarding both verbatim to the backend while using Content-Length to determine how many request body bytes to consume. Remote attackers can desynchronize the proxy and backend parser state, allowing injection of arbitrary HTTP requests to the backend to enable cache poisoning, access control bypass, and request hijacking.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tinyproxy tinyproxy Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.11.3 (semver)
Unaffected: ff45d3bf0e61d0f8ed97ab379d3047f04eb67521 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-07 00:00
Credits
Tristan Madani (@TristanInSec)
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-53538 (GCVE-0-2026-53538)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:56 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:08
VLAI
Title
Python-Multipart: Semicolon treated as querystring field separator enables parameter smuggling
Summary
Python-Multipart is a streaming multipart parser for Python. Prior to 0.0.30, QuerystringParser treated ; as a field separator in application/x-www-form-urlencoded bodies, in addition to &. The WHATWG URL standard, modern browsers, and Python's urllib.parse (since the CVE-2021-23336 fix) treat only & as a separator. This creates a parser differential: the same bytes are tokenized into different fields than a WHATWG compliant intermediary would produce, allowing an attacker to smuggle extra form fields past an upstream body inspecting component. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.0.30.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-436 - Interpretation Conflict
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Kludex python-multipart Affected: < 0.0.30
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-52845 (GCVE-0-2026-52845)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:52 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:46
VLAI
Title
Caddy: FastCGI header normalization bypass in `forward_auth copy_headers`
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to 2.11.4, forward_auth copy_headers deletes the exact client-supplied identity header before copying the trusted value from the auth gateway. But when the request later goes through php_fastcgi, Caddy normalizes HTTP headers into CGI variables by replacing - with _. This lets a client send an underscore alias that survives the forward_auth delete step but becomes the same PHP/FastCGI variable. Result: a remote client can inject or sometimes override identity/group headers trusted by PHP/FastCGI applications behind Caddy. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-287 - Improper Authentication
  • CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-50052 (GCVE-0-2026-50052)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-03 03:56 – Updated: 2026-07-01 19:33
VLAI
Summary
In Vinyl Cache before 9.0.1 and Varnish Cache before 9.0.3, a deficiency in HTTP/2 request parsing can be exploited to launch a backend request desync attack (request smuggling), which in turn can be used for cache poisoning, authentication bypass, or possibly even information disclosure and manipulation. The attack vector only exists if HTTP/2 support is enabled by setting the feature parameter to contain +http2. HTTP/2 support is disabled by default.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
The Vinyl Cache Project Vinyl Cache Affected: 9.0.0
Unaffected: 9.0.1
Create a notification for this product.
The Vinyl Cache Project Varnish Cache (pre split) Affected: 7.6.0 , ≤ 8.0.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 8.0.2
Affected: 6.0.14 , ≤ 6.0.17 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.0.18
Create a notification for this product.
Varnish Software Varnish Cache by Varnish Software Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.0.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 9.0.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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              "value": "\u003ch3\u003eIn VCL, add a vmod re2 header filter\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis method requires \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://gitlab.com/uplex/varnish/libvmod-re2\"\u003evmod_re2\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://gitlab.com/uplex/varnish/libvmod-re2\"\u003evmod_re2\u003c/a\u003e header filters (see the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://vinyl-cache.org/tutorials/hdr_filter.html\"\u003etutorial\u003c/a\u003e for more information) can be\nused to remove injected invalid header lines, which are the vehicle required for\nlaunching desync attacks exploiting this vulnerability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo the best of our knowledge, the following VCL snippet at the top of the custom\nVCL adds protection by removing invalid headers:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cpre\u003e## BEGIN vsv19 mitigation\n#\nimport re2;\nsub vcl_init {\n        new sane = re2.set(anchor=start, case_sensitive=false);\n        # https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#rule.token.separators\n        # SLIGHTLY more relaxed, because it allows trailing SP / HTAB\n        sane.add(\"[-!#$%\u0026amp;\u0027*+.^_`|~a-z0-9]+:[\\s\\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xff]+$\");\n}\nsub vcl_recv {\n        sane.hdr_filter(req, true);\n}\n#\n## END vsv19 mitigation\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo the best of our knowledge, where \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://gitlab.com/uplex/varnish/libvmod-re2\"\u003evmod_re2\u003c/a\u003e is already used with a\n\u003ccode\u003ehdr_filter\u003c/code\u003e in allow mode (second argument \u003ccode\u003etrue\u003c/code\u003e), protection is already\nsufficient unless the empty string is allowed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "In VCL, add a vmod re2 header filterThis method requires  vmod_re2 https://gitlab.com/uplex/varnish/libvmod-re2 .\n\n\n vmod_re2 https://gitlab.com/uplex/varnish/libvmod-re2  header filters (see the  tutorial https://vinyl-cache.org/tutorials/hdr_filter.html  for more information) can be\nused to remove injected invalid header lines, which are the vehicle required for\nlaunching desync attacks exploiting this vulnerability.\n\n\nTo the best of our knowledge, the following VCL snippet at the top of the custom\nVCL adds protection by removing invalid headers:\n\n\n## BEGIN vsv19 mitigation\n#\nimport re2;\nsub vcl_init {\n        new sane = re2.set(anchor=start, case_sensitive=false);\n        # https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc9110.html#rule.token.separators\n        # SLIGHTLY more relaxed, because it allows trailing SP / HTAB\n        sane.add(\"[-!#$%\u0026\u0027*+.^_`|~a-z0-9]+:[\\s\\x21-\\x7E\\x80-\\xff]+$\");\n}\nsub vcl_recv {\n        sane.hdr_filter(req, true);\n}\n#\n## END vsv19 mitigation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTo the best of our knowledge, where  vmod_re2 https://gitlab.com/uplex/varnish/libvmod-re2  is already used with a\nhdr_filter in allow mode (second argument true), protection is already\nsufficient unless the empty string is allowed."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "supportingMedia": [
            {
              "base64": false,
              "type": "text/html",
              "value": "\u003ch4\u003e\u0026gt;= 7.6.0 plain VCL mitigation\u003c/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor versions 7.6.0 and higher, this method requires no additional VMODs, but\nneeds inline-C to be enabled.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Vinyl Cache:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eat runtime by issuing \u003ccode\u003evinyladm param.set vcc_feature +allow_inline_c\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003epersistently by adding \u003ccode\u003e-p vcc_feature=+allow_inline_c\u003c/code\u003e to the \u003ccode\u003evinyld\u003c/code\u003e\nstartup parameters\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Varnish Cache:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eat runtime by issuing \u003ccode\u003evarnishadm param.set vcc_feature +allow_inline_c\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003epersistently by adding \u003ccode\u003e-p vcc_feature=+allow_inline_c\u003c/code\u003e to the \u003ccode\u003evarnishd\u003c/code\u003e\nstartup parameters\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBesides enabling inline-C, the following snippet needs to be added at the top of\nthe custom VCL:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cpre\u003e## BEGIN vsv19 mitigation\n#\nsub recv_vsv19 {\n        unset req.http.vsv19;\n        if (req.proto != \"HTTP/2.0\" || ! req.http.content-length) {\n                return;\n        }\n        set req.http.vsv19 = \"1\";\n        C{\n                VRT_SetHdr(ctx, \u0026amp;VGC_HDR_REQ_content_2d_length, 0,\n                        TOSTRAND(VRT_GetHdr(ctx, \u0026amp;VGC_HDR_REQ_content_2d_length)));\n        }C\n}\nsub vcl_recv {\n        call recv_vsv19;\n}\nsub vcl_backend_fetch {\n        if (bereq.http.vsv19) {\n                set bereq.http.Connection = \"close\";\n        }\n}\n#\n## END vsv19 mitigation\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, care must be taken that \u003ccode\u003ebereq.http.Connection\u003c/code\u003e is not unset\nanywhere else in the custom VCL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
          ],
          "value": "\u003e= 7.6.0 plain VCL mitigationFor versions 7.6.0 and higher, this method requires no additional VMODs, but\nneeds inline-C to be enabled.\n\n\nFor Vinyl Cache:\n\n\n\n  *  at runtime by issuing vinyladm param.set vcc_feature +allow_inline_c\n\n\n\n  *  persistently by adding -p vcc_feature=+allow_inline_c to the vinyld\nstartup parameters\n\n\n\n\n\n\nFor Varnish Cache:\n\n\n\n  *  at runtime by issuing varnishadm param.set vcc_feature +allow_inline_c\n\n\n\n  *  persistently by adding -p vcc_feature=+allow_inline_c to the varnishd\nstartup parameters\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBesides enabling inline-C, the following snippet needs to be added at the top of\nthe custom VCL:\n\n\n## BEGIN vsv19 mitigation\n#\nsub recv_vsv19 {\n        unset req.http.vsv19;\n        if (req.proto != \"HTTP/2.0\" || ! req.http.content-length) {\n                return;\n        }\n        set req.http.vsv19 = \"1\";\n        C{\n                VRT_SetHdr(ctx, \u0026VGC_HDR_REQ_content_2d_length, 0,\n                        TOSTRAND(VRT_GetHdr(ctx, \u0026VGC_HDR_REQ_content_2d_length)));\n        }C\n}\nsub vcl_recv {\n        call recv_vsv19;\n}\nsub vcl_backend_fetch {\n        if (bereq.http.vsv19) {\n                set bereq.http.Connection = \"close\";\n        }\n}\n#\n## END vsv19 mitigation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn addition, care must be taken that bereq.http.Connection is not unset\nanywhere else in the custom VCL."
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              "value": "\u003ch4\u003e6.0 plain VCL mitigation\u003c/h4\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor version 6.0 LTS, this method works in pure VCL with no other changes\nrequired. The following snippet needs to be added at the top of the custom VCL:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cpre\u003e## BEGIN vsv19 mitigation\n#\nsub recv_vsv19 {\n        unset req.http.vsv19;\n        if (req.proto != \"HTTP/2.0\" || ! req.http.content-length) {\n                return;\n        }\n        set req.http.vsv19 = \"1\";\n        set req.http.content-length = req.http.content-length;\n}\nsub vcl_recv {\n        call recv_vsv19;\n}\nsub vcl_backend_fetch {\n        if (bereq.http.vsv19) {\n                set bereq.http.Connection = \"close\";\n        }\n}\n#\n## END vsv19 mitigation\n\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, care must be taken that \u003ccode\u003ebereq.http.Connection\u003c/code\u003e is not unset\nanywhere else in the custom VCL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
            }
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          "value": "6.0 plain VCL mitigationFor version 6.0 LTS, this method works in pure VCL with no other changes\nrequired. The following snippet needs to be added at the top of the custom VCL:\n\n\n## BEGIN vsv19 mitigation\n#\nsub recv_vsv19 {\n        unset req.http.vsv19;\n        if (req.proto != \"HTTP/2.0\" || ! req.http.content-length) {\n                return;\n        }\n        set req.http.vsv19 = \"1\";\n        set req.http.content-length = req.http.content-length;\n}\nsub vcl_recv {\n        call recv_vsv19;\n}\nsub vcl_backend_fetch {\n        if (bereq.http.vsv19) {\n                set bereq.http.Connection = \"close\";\n        }\n}\n#\n## END vsv19 mitigation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn addition, care must be taken that bereq.http.Connection is not unset\nanywhere else in the custom VCL."
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-50052",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-03T03:56:01.974Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-06-03T03:56:01.075Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-01T19:33:49.932Z",
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CVE-2026-50020 (GCVE-0-2026-50020)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-12 14:55 – Updated: 2026-06-12 15:56
VLAI
Title
Netty's HttpObjectDecoder skips arbitrary initial control characters when only initial CRLF characters are permitted
Summary
Netty is a network application framework for development of protocol servers and clients. Prior to versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final, before reading the first request-line, `HttpObjectDecoder` skips every byte for which `Character.isISOControl(b)` is `true` (0x00–0x1F and 0x7F) as well as all whitespace. RFC 9112 §2.2 only asks servers to ignore empty CRLF lines preceding the request-line — a carefully scoped robustness allowance intended to handle HTTP/1.0 POST workarounds. Silently absorbing NUL bytes, SOH, STX, and other non-CRLF control characters goes significantly beyond this, and can be exploited for request-boundary confusion in pipelined or multiplexed transports where a front-end component treats those bytes differently. Versions 4.1.135.Final and 4.2.15.Final patch the issue.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
netty netty Affected: >= 4.2.0.Final, < 4.2.15.Final
Affected: < 4.1.135.Final
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-49753 (GCVE-0-2026-49753)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-02 14:15 – Updated: 2026-06-02 19:14
VLAI
Title
HTTP response smuggling in Mint HTTP/1 client via lenient Content-Length parsing
Summary
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in elixir-mint Mint allows attacker-controlled HTTP/1 servers to desynchronise response framing on shared connections. Mint's HTTP/1 Content-Length parser, Mint.HTTP1.Parse.content_length_header/1 in lib/mint/http1/parse.ex, parses the header value with Integer.parse/1, which accepts an optional + or - sign prefix. The length >= 0 guard rejects negatives, but inputs such as +0 or +123 are returned as valid lengths. RFC 7230 specifies Content-Length = 1*DIGIT, with no sign character permitted. A fronting proxy or load balancer that strictly enforces the grammar will reject or reframe a header like Content-Length: +0, while Mint silently treats it as zero. When Mint reuses the socket (keep-alive, pipelining, or any pooled connection shared across requesters), the parser disagreement is a response-smuggling primitive: the proxy delimits the body one way, Mint another, and bytes from one response get attributed to the next. Where the same Mint connection is shared across trust boundaries, an attacker-controlled upstream can leak bytes into a different consumer's response stream. This issue affects mint: from 0.1.0 before 1.9.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
EEF
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
elixir-mint mint Affected: 0.1.0 , < 1.9.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:elixir-mint:mint:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
elixir-mint mint Affected: 65e0e86d799a6d3b08e4372fccdd9747535e0dd6 , < 47e48027480228e4e32a0b4df39db497b4804921 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:elixir-mint:mint:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Peter Ullrich Eric Meadows-Jönsson Jonatan Männchen / EEF
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48979 (GCVE-0-2026-48979)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 20:43 – Updated: 2026-06-18 13:11
VLAI
Title
PHP Standard Library: HTTP/2 server-side missing content-length validation enables request smuggling
Summary
PHP Standard Library (PSL) is set of APIs covering async, collections, networking, I/O, cryptography, terminal UI, etc. In versions 6.1.0, 6.1.1 and 6.2.0, the Psl\H2\ServerConnection does not validate that the total bytes received in DATA frames match the content-length header declared in the HEADERS frame, allowing request smuggling. This is in violation of RFC 9113 §8.1.1. A malicious client is able to send more DATA bytes than declared, smuggling additional content past application-level size limits and send fewer DATA bytes than declared and close the stream early, causing applications that trust the declared length to behave incorrectly. The vulnerability is only reachable for consumers using Psl\H2\ServerConnection directly to accept untrusted client traffic. Consumers of documented high-level PSL APIs are not affected. This issue has been fixed in versions 6.1.2 and 6.2.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
php-standard-library php-standard-library Affected: >= 6.1.0, < 6.1.2
Affected: >= 6.2.0, < 6.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
php-standard-library php-standard-library/h2 Affected: >= 6.1.0, < 6.1.2
Affected: >= 6.2.0, < 6.2.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-48746 (GCVE-0-2026-48746)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 21:57 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:48
VLAI
Title
vLLM: OpenAI auth bypass
Summary
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). From 0.3.0 until 0.22.0, a vulnerability in ASGI web servers and starlette's trust on those web servers enables an authentication bypass of the OpenAI API AuthenticationMiddleware. It allows to use the API without providing the configured VLLM_API_KEY or --api-key. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
  • CWE-501 - Trust Boundary Violation
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
vllm-project vllm Affected: >= 0.3.0, < 0.22.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 Unaffected: 1782951012 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
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Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2 Unaffected: 1782951244 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.2::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 Unaffected: 1782353093 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3 Unaffected: 1782352847 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Exploit Intelligence     cpe:/a:redhat:exploit_intelligence:0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Migration Toolkit for Applications 8     cpe:/a:redhat:migration_toolkit_applications:8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat OpenShift Lightspeed     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_lightspeed
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat AI Inference Server     cpe:/a:redhat:ai_inference_server:3
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Ansible Automation Platform 2     cpe:/a:redhat:ansible_automation_platform:2
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux AI (RHEL AI) 3     cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux_ai:3
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Hardened Images     cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI)     cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Satellite 6     cpe:/a:redhat:satellite:6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36006"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30089"
          },
          {
            "tags": [
              "vendor-advisory",
              "x_refsource_REDHAT"
            ],
            "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:30088"
          }
        ],
        "solutions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:36005: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:36006: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:30089: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3"
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "RHSA-2026:30088: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.3"
          }
        ],
        "timeline": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-06-22T23:00:57.824Z",
            "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
          },
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "time": "2026-06-22T21:57:28.997Z",
            "value": "Made public."
          }
        ],
        "title": "vllm: starlette: vLLM: Critical authentication bypass allows unauthorized API access",
        "workarounds": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Restrict network access to the vLLM API endpoint to only trusted clients and internal networks. Implement firewall rules or network policies to limit inbound connections to the vLLM service, thereby reducing the attack surface. This operational control helps prevent unauthorized external access to the vulnerable API."
          }
        ],
        "x_adpType": "supplier",
        "x_generator": {
          "engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "vllm",
          "vendor": "vllm-project",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003e= 0.3.0, \u003c 0.22.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). From 0.3.0 until 0.22.0, a vulnerability in ASGI web servers and starlette\u0027s trust on those web servers enables an authentication bypass of the OpenAI API AuthenticationMiddleware. It allows to use the API without providing the configured VLLM_API_KEY or --api-key. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 9.1,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-444",
              "description": "CWE-444: Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-22T21:57:28.997Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-94f4-hr76-p5j6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-94f4-hr76-p5j6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/43426",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/43426"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2026-002-starlette",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://x41-dsec.de/lab/advisories/x41-2026-002-starlette"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-94f4-hr76-p5j6",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "vLLM: OpenAI auth bypass"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-48746",
    "datePublished": "2026-06-22T21:57:28.997Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-22T19:10:35.747Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-07-15T00:48:09.880Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.