Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
631 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-84380 (GCVE-0-2026-84380)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-02 17:58 – Updated: 2026-09-02 18:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HTTPX2: Conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding headers can be auto-generated
Summary
HTTPX2 is a next generation HTTP client for Python. Prior to 2.11.0, Request._prepare() in src/httpx2/httpx2/_models.py can add a body-derived Content-Length header to a request that already contains a caller-supplied Transfer-Encoding header because its setdefault() processing checks each default header independently rather than treating the two framing headers as mutually exclusive. Fixed-size byte, JSON, form, and known-length multipart bodies can therefore be serialized over HTTP/1.1 with both headers, allowing request smuggling or connection desynchronization when downstream intermediaries disagree about which framing header takes precedence. This issue is fixed in version 2.11.0.
Severity
5.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 18:07 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2/pull/1137 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2/commit/829b93a… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pydantic/httpx2/releases/tag/v2.11.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-84363 (GCVE-0-2026-84363)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 20:22 – Updated: 2026-09-02 12:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Hono: Query parser reads parameters after the URL fragment, causing cache-key and proxy interpretation differentials
Summary
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.13.5, Hono's query helpers treat a question mark after a literal hash fragment as the start of a query string, so the application can read request parameters that browsers, new URL(), reverse proxies, filtering rules, parameter allow and deny lists, access logging, request validation, and other middleware do not observe. The Cache Middleware removes the fragment when building its cache key, allowing a response influenced by parameters inside the fragment to be stored under a key that omits those parameters and later served to other users. This can bypass filtering and auditing, poison cached responses, and enable stored cross-site scripting when an affected parameter is reflected into cached HTML without escaping. Exploitation requires a runtime and intermediary path that passes a literal hash character through to the request URL; Cloudflare Workers and intermediaries that strip fragments are not affected. This issue is fixed in version 4.13.5.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-02 12:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/honojs/hono/commit/9c28d724c5a… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-81356 (GCVE-0-2026-81356)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-08 17:13 – Updated: 2026-09-08 17:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Visual Studio Code Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in Visual Studio Code allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Visual Studio Code |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 1.136.2
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:visual_studio_code:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Date Public
2026-09-08 14:00
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CVE-2026-78605 (GCVE-0-2026-78605)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 19:20 – Updated: 2026-09-01 19:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') in Elasticsearch Leading to Information Disclosure
Summary
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') (CWE-444) in Elasticsearch can lead to information disclosure via HTTP Request Smuggling (CAPEC-33). Under specific proxy deployment configurations, a network attacker could obtain confidential responses intended for other authenticated users.
Severity
5.9 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 19:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elastic | Elasticsearch |
Affected:
8.18.0 , ≤ 8.19.19
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.4.4 (semver) Affected: 9.5.0 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-75922 (GCVE-0-2026-75922)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-23 18:16 – Updated: 2026-08-25 19:30
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Reverse::Proxy versions before 0.04 for Perl allow HTTP request smuggling via a percent-decoded PATH_INFO written unencoded to the upstream request line
Summary
Reverse::Proxy versions before 0.04 for Perl allow HTTP request smuggling via a percent-decoded PATH_INFO written unencoded to the upstream request line.
PSGI hands PATH_INFO to an application percent-decoded, so a %XX sequence in the client URL has become a raw byte by the time the proxy sees it. The proxy appends that byte string to the upstream base URL, and for an Upgrade tunnel writes it into a request line it serializes itself, re-encoding nothing in either path. The HTTP client that sends the resulting URL does not validate the target either. A path containing %0d%0a therefore arrives at the upstream as a CRLF that ends the request line, and a decoded space, '?' or '#' truncates it the same way.
Everything the client writes after the CRLF is read by the upstream as a second request. On the buffered path it arrives on a keep-alive connection the proxy pools and reuses for other clients. Its method, path and headers are all chosen by the client, and the upstream attributes it to the proxy, so it reaches upstream paths that the proxy's own routing does not expose.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 19:30 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
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CVE-2026-74848 (GCVE-0-2026-74848)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 09:16 – Updated: 2026-08-27 12:05
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache APISIX: Cross-user response poisoning in serverless plugins
Summary
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in Apache APISIX.
An attacker could make other clients receive attacker-chosen or other users' responses on serverless-plugin routes.
This issue affects Apache APISIX: from 2.12.0 through 3.17.0.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 3.18.0, which fixes the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 12:05 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/xdgpszmw8dw4wvmfx… | vendor-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/0… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache APISIX |
Affected:
2.12.0 , ≤ 3.17.0
(semver)
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CVE-2026-73812 (GCVE-0-2026-73812)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:42 – Updated: 2026-09-08 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
inets, httpd: HTTP Request Smuggling via Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length
Summary
httpd function check_header/3 rejects duplicate Content-Length (per CVE-2026-23941) but never checks for the TE+CL co-presence that RFC 9112 §6.3 identifies as a probable smuggling attempt. handle_body/3 frames by chunked and silently discards Content-Length. A CL-preferring front-end paired with chunked-preferring inets creates a classic CL.TE front-end/back-end desync.
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Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisory |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-73812.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-73812 | related |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/591dc00dc99d… | patch |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlang | OTP |
Unknown:
0 , < 17.0
(otp)
Affected: 17.0 , < 27.3.4.17 (otp) Affected: 28.0 , < 28.5.0.6 (otp) Affected: 29.0 , < 29.0.6 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Unknown:
0 , < 5.10
(otp)
Affected: 5.10 , < 9.3.2.7 (otp) Affected: 9.4 , < 9.6.2.3 (otp) Affected: 9.7 , < 9.7.2 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
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84adefa331c4159d432d22840663c38f155cd4c1 , < 591dc00dc99dc2a426167a3b5257c0c94bd45e91
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-73495 (GCVE-0-2026-73495)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-12 21:11 – Updated: 2026-08-13 13:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
blaze: Chunked-body trailer fields promoted into Request.headers in blaze-server (front-end header-sanitization bypass)
Summary
blaze is a Scala library for building asynchronous pipelines, with a focus on network IO. Prior to 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42, blaze-server can merge HTTP/1.1 chunked-body trailer fields into Request.headers. Because trailer fields are attacker-controlled, an unauthenticated remote client can inject arbitrary header names and values, including X-Forwarded-For and internal authorization headers, that a fronting proxy sanitized from the request-header section, bypassing header-based trust decisions in the application. Any http4s application using BlazeServerBuilder over HTTP/1.1 whose routes or middleware trust proxy-set headers, including X-Forwarded-For, X-Real-IP, and X-Forwarded-Host, is affected. If a fronting proxy strips or normalizes those headers but forwards chunked bodies with trailers intact, an attacker can spoof client IP for allow-lists, rate limits, or auditing, forge the https scheme, or inject internal authorization headers. A promoted Connection: close trailer is also honored, allowing attacker-controlled termination of pooled backend connections. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 13:02 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/http4s/blaze/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/http4s/blaze/commit/ef3e666c14… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/http4s/blaze/releases/tag/v0.23.18 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/http4s/blaze/releases/tag/v1.0.0-M42 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-73276 (GCVE-0-2026-73276)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-01 14:41 – Updated: 2026-09-08 01:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
inets, httpd: HTTP Request Smuggling via Whitespace-Before-Colon Header Dropping i
Summary
Gracefulness code ignored cases that should be rejected, resulting in possible HTTP Request Smuggling opportunities.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 27.3.4.17, from OTP 28.0 before OTP 28.5.0.6, and from OTP 29.0 before OTP 29.0.6, corresponding to inets from 7.1.2 before 9.3.2.7, from 9.4 before 9.6.2.3, and from 9.7 before 9.7.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 15:55 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
6 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
22.2 , < 27.3.4.17
(otp)
Affected: 28.0 , < 28.5.0.6 (otp) Affected: 29.0 , < 29.0.6 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
7.1.2 , < 9.3.2.7
(otp)
Affected: 9.4 , < 9.6.2.3 (otp) Affected: 9.7 , < 9.7.2 (otp) cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Erlang | OTP |
Affected:
c06db0bedf49a9b40725745e73fa82e562612815 , < *
(git)
cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-73257 (GCVE-0-2026-73257)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 17:30 – Updated: 2026-08-20 19:34
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mongoose: Content-Length + Transfer-Encoding coexistence enables request smuggling
Summary
Mongoose is an embedded web server and network library. Priro to version 7.22, a remote unauthenticated attacker can send an HTTP request containing both Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked. The cl_count and te_count checks in the mg_http_parse() and http_cb() paths in src/http.c accept both headers and prioritize chunked encoding, while a Content-Length-preferring reverse proxy can use a different request boundary. This CL.TE desynchronization can inject requests that access or modify resources in another user context. This issue is fixed in version 7.22.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 19:34 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/pull/3611 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/a9df52… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.22 | x_refsource_MISC |
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},
{
"name": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/a9df523f76f43a38bd53b4232b9cfd4c16869e71",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/commit/a9df523f76f43a38bd53b4232b9cfd4c16869e71"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.22",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/releases/tag/7.22"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-5wfq-r6mr-wqp6",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Mongoose: Content-Length + Transfer-Encoding coexistence enables request smuggling"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-73257",
"datePublished": "2026-08-20T17:30:58.424Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-08-11T17:18:01.598Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-20T19:34:58.840Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.