Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2323 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2021-36029 (GCVE-0-2021-36029)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-09-01 14:29 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Magento Commerce Improper Authorization Vulnerability Could Lead To Remote Code Execution
Summary
Magento Commerce versions 2.4.2 (and earlier), 2.4.2-p1 (and earlier) and 2.3.7 (and earlier) are affected by an improper improper authorization vulnerability. An attacker with admin privileges could leverage this vulnerability to achieve remote code execution.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization (CWE-285)
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe | Magento Commerce |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 2.4.2
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.4.2-p1 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.3.7 (custom) Affected: unspecified , ≤ None (custom) |
Date Public
2021-08-10 00:00
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CVE-2021-35964 (GCVE-0-2021-35964)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-19 11:55 – Updated: 2024-09-16 23:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Learningdigital.com, Inc. Orca HCM - Broken Authentication
Summary
The management page of the Orca HCM digital learning platform does not perform identity verification, which allows remote attackers to execute the management function without logging in, access members’ information, modify and delete the courses in system, thus causing users fail to access the learning content.
Severity
7.3 (High)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.chtsecurity.com/news/ba7b3ae7-14f3-49… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4924-f74d5-1.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Learningdigital.com, Inc. | Orca HCM |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 10.0
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-07-19 00:00
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CVE-2021-34434 (GCVE-0-2021-34434)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-08-30 00:00 – Updated: 2024-08-04 00:12
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Eclipse Mosquitto versions 2.0 to 2.0.11, when using the dynamic security plugin, if the ability for a client to make subscriptions on a topic is revoked when a durable client is offline, then existing subscriptions for that client are not revoked.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=575324 | |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5511 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Mosquitto |
Affected:
2.0 , < unspecified
(custom)
Affected: unspecified , ≤ 2.0.11 (custom) |
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CVE-2021-33723 (GCVE-0-2021-33723)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-12 09:49 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC NMS (All versions < V1.0 SP2 Update 1). An authenticated attacker could change the user profile of any user without proper authorization. With this, the attacker could change the password of any user in the affected system.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2021-32688 (GCVE-0-2021-32688)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-12 13:45 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Application specific tokens can change their own scope
Summary
Nextcloud Server is a Nextcloud package that handles data storage. Nextcloud Server supports application specific tokens for authentication purposes. These tokens are supposed to be granted to a specific applications (e.g. DAV sync clients), and can also be configured by the user to not have any filesystem access. Due to a lacking permission check, the tokens were able to change their own permissions in versions prior to 19.0.13, 20.0.11, and 21.0.3. Thus fileystem limited tokens were able to grant themselves access to the filesystem. The issue is patched in versions 19.0.13, 20.0.11, and 21.0.3. There are no known workarounds aside from upgrading.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nextcloud/security-advisories/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/nextcloud/server/pull/27000 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://hackerone.com/reports/1193321 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/pac… | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_FEDORA |
| https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-17 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_GENTOO |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextcloud | security-advisories |
Affected:
< 19.0.13
Affected: >= 20.0.0, < 20.0.11 Affected: >= 21.0.0, < 21.0.3 |
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CVE-2021-32620 (GCVE-0-2021-32620)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-28 21:05 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Users registered with email verification can self re-activate their disabled accounts
Summary
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. In versions prior to 11.10.13, 12.6.7, and 12.10.2, a user disabled on a wiki using email verification for registration canouldre-activate themself by using the activation link provided for his registration. The problem has been patched in the following versions of XWiki: 11.10.13, 12.6.7, 12.10.2, 13.0. It is possible to workaround the issue by resetting the `validkey` property of the disabled XWiki users. This can be done by editing the user profile with object editor.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-17942 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/f9… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| xwiki | xwiki-platform |
Affected:
< 11.10.13
Affected: >= 12.6.0, < 12.6.7 Affected: >= 12.10.0, < 12.10.2 |
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CVE-2021-32619 (GCVE-0-2021-32619)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-28 21:00 – Updated: 2024-08-03 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Static imports inside dynamically imported modules do not adhere to permission checks
Summary
Deno is a runtime for JavaScript and TypeScript that uses V8 and is built in Rust. In Deno versions 1.5.0 to 1.10.1, modules that are dynamically imported through `import()` or `new Worker` might have been able to bypass network and file system permission checks when statically importing other modules. The vulnerability has been patched in Deno release 1.10.2.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/denoland/deno/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
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CVE-2021-32523 (GCVE-0-2021-32523)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-07-07 14:12 – Updated: 2024-09-16 23:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QSAN Storage Manager - Improper Authorization
Summary
Improper authorization vulnerability in QSAN Storage Manager allows remote privileged users to bypass the access control and execute arbitrary commands. Suggest contacting with QSAN and refer to recommendations in QSAN Document.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-4879-01616-1.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QSAN | Storage Manager |
Affected:
unspecified , ≤ 3.3.1
(custom)
|
Date Public
2021-07-07 00:00
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CVE-2021-31384 (GCVE-0-2021-31384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-19 18:17 – Updated: 2024-09-16 17:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Junos OS: SRX Series: Under a specific device configuration an attacker can access the devices J-Web management services from any interface, regardless of security settings protecting the service
Summary
Due to a Missing Authorization weakness and Insufficient Granularity of Access Control in a specific device configuration, a vulnerability exists in Juniper Networks Junos OS on SRX Series whereby an attacker who attempts to access J-Web administrative interfaces can successfully do so from any device interface regardless of the web-management configuration and filter rules which may otherwise protect access to J-Web. This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS SRX Series 20.4 version 20.4R1 and later versions prior to 20.4R2-S1, 20.4R3; 21.1 versions prior to 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 20.4R1.
Severity
7.2 (High)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://kb.juniper.net/ | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Unaffected:
unspecified , < 20.4R1
(custom)
Affected: 20.4R1 , < 20.4* (custom) Affected: 21.1 , < 21.1R1-S1, 21.1R2 (custom) |
Date Public
2021-10-13 00:00
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CVE-2021-28799 (GCVE-0-2021-28799)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-05-13 02:55 – Updated: 2025-10-21 23:25
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Improper Authorization Vulnerability in HBS 3 (Hybrid Backup Sync)
Summary
An improper authorization vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP NAS running HBS 3 (Hybrid Backup Sync. ) If exploited, the vulnerability allows remote attackers to log in to a device. This issue affects: QNAP Systems Inc. HBS 3 versions prior to v16.0.0415 on QTS 4.5.2; versions prior to v3.0.210412 on QTS 4.3.6; versions prior to v3.0.210411 on QTS 4.3.4; versions prior to v3.0.210411 on QTS 4.3.3; versions prior to v16.0.0419 on QuTS hero h4.5.1; versions prior to v16.0.0419 on QuTScloud c4.5.1~c4.5.4. This issue does not affect: QNAP Systems Inc. HBS 2 . QNAP Systems Inc. HBS 1.3 .
Severity
10 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: active
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-285 - Improper Authorization
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/QSA-21-13 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilit… | government-resource |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | HBS 3 |
Affected:
unspecified , < v16.0.0415
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | HBS 3 |
Affected:
unspecified , < v3.0.210412
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | HBS 3 |
Affected:
unspecified , < v3.0.210411
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | HBS 3 |
Affected:
unspecified , < v16.0.0419
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | HBS 2 |
Unaffected:
all versions
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | HBS 1.3 |
Unaffected:
all versions
|
Date Public
2021-04-22 00:00
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.