Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-95
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes code syntax before using the input in a dynamic evaluation call (e.g. "eval").
323 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-13048 (GCVE-0-2026-13048)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-13 16:28 – Updated: 2026-08-14 11:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Data::MuForm::Localizer versions through 0.05 for Perl execute Perl from a message catalog header, reached at an arbitrary path because load_lexicon interpolates the language attribute into the catalog filename
Summary
Data::MuForm::Localizer versions through 0.05 for Perl execute Perl from a message catalog header, reached at an arbitrary path because load_lexicon interpolates the language attribute into the catalog filename.
load_lexicon builds the catalog path by appending `Messages/$lang.po` to the directory holding Localizer.pm, where $lang is the language attribute, with no check that it names a bare locale tag. A value holding `../` segments walks out of the message directory, so any readable path with a `.po` suffix is loaded. While parsing the catalog, extract_header_msgstr takes the `Plural-Forms:` header, prefixes `$` to the bare words nplurals, plural and n, and passes the rest verbatim into a string that is evaluated: the nplurals form evaluates the header expression immediately, and the plural_code form compiles it into a subroutine whose body runs when a plural message is localized. A header of `nplurals=2; plural=(system('...'),0);` therefore runs that command as the catalog loads. The evaluation inherits strict, so an expression that assigns to an undeclared variable fails to compile, while one built from calls alone does not.
An application that sets the language attribute from request data, an Accept-Language header or a locale parameter, and an attacker who can place a file with a `.po` suffix and chosen contents at a readable path, together give code execution as the application user. The message expansion path is not affected: expand_named substitutes only the placeholder names the caller supplies, and _mangle_value returns the value unchanged.
Severity
8.2 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 11:31 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
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CVE-2026-11422 (GCVE-0-2026-11422)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 20:16 – Updated: 2026-07-14 15:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Markdown Preview Enhanced 0.8.x Code Injection via WaveDrom Rendering
Summary
Markdown Preview Enhanced 0.8.x with crossnote engine 0.9.28 contains a code injection vulnerability in the WaveDrom rendering pipeline that allows attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript by embedding malicious content in a wavedrom fenced code block within a crafted Markdown document. Attackers can exploit the unsanitized passing of wavedrom block content to window.eval() in the VS Code webview context to abuse the extension's message passing and invoke arbitrary file writes on the local filesystem.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-08 13:09 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/shd101wyy/vscode-markdown-prev… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/shd101wyy/crossnote/commit/558… | patch |
| https://github.com/shd101wyy/vscode-markdown-prev… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/markdown-pre… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| shd101wyy | Markdown Preview Enhanced |
Affected:
0 , < 0.8.27
(custom)
|
|
| shd101wyy | crossnote |
Affected:
0 , < 0.9.28
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-06-05 00:00
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CVE-2026-8914 (GCVE-0-2026-8914)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 09:36 – Updated: 2026-06-05 20:21
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Command injection in Profile change function
Summary
In Teltonika Networks RUTOS devices, running versions 7.22 through 7.23.2 and TSWOS devices running versions 1.09 through 1.09.1, due to unsafe calls to an eval function in rpc-profile, a vulnerability exists where a lower privileged user could perform command injection as the root user.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-05 20:21 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code ('eval injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teltonika Networks | RUTOS |
Affected:
7.22 , ≤ 7.23.2
(custom)
|
|
| Teltonika Networks | TSWOS |
Affected:
1.09 , ≤ 1.09.1
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-6652 (GCVE-0-2026-6652)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-20 15:00 – Updated: 2026-04-20 16:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pagekit CMS StringStorage Template PhpEngine.php evaluate eval injection
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Pagekit CMS up to 1.0.18. This issue affects the function evaluate of the file app/modules/view/src/PhpEngine.php of the component StringStorage Template Handler. This manipulation causes improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-20 16:09 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358286 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/358286/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/794186 | third-party-advisory |
| https://medium.com/@pkhuyar/the-danger-of-php-eva… | broken-linkexploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pagekit | CMS |
Affected:
1.0.0
Affected: 1.0.1 Affected: 1.0.2 Affected: 1.0.3 Affected: 1.0.4 Affected: 1.0.5 Affected: 1.0.6 Affected: 1.0.7 Affected: 1.0.8 Affected: 1.0.9 Affected: 1.0.10 Affected: 1.0.11 Affected: 1.0.12 Affected: 1.0.13 Affected: 1.0.14 Affected: 1.0.15 Affected: 1.0.16 Affected: 1.0.17 Affected: 1.0.18 |
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CVE-2026-5971 (GCVE-0-2026-5971)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-09 18:00 – Updated: 2026-04-13 20:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FoundationAgents MetaGPT XML action_node.py ActionNode.xml_fill eval injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. This vulnerability affects the function ActionNode.xml_fill of the file metagpt/actions/action_node.py of the component XML Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-13 20:14 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/356525 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/356525/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/791734 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/issues/1928 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/issues/1956 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| FoundationAgents | MetaGPT |
Affected:
0.8.0
Affected: 0.8.1 |
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CVE-2026-4965 (GCVE-0-2026-4965)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 17:41 – Updated: 2026-03-27 22:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
letta-ai letta Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-6101 ast_parsers.py resolve_type eval injection
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in letta-ai letta 0.16.4. This issue affects the function resolve_type of the file letta/functions/ast_parsers.py of the component Incomplete Fix CVE-2025-6101. Performing a manipulation results in improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-27 18:43 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.353842 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.353842 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.777654 | third-party-advisory |
| https://gist.github.com/YLChen-007/fc09bc447a73bb… | exploit |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-4851 (GCVE-0-2026-4851)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-29 00:22 – Updated: 2026-04-01 14:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
GRID::Machine versions through 0.127 for Perl allows arbitrary code execution via unsafe deserialization
Summary
GRID::Machine versions through 0.127 for Perl allows arbitrary code execution via unsafe deserialization.
GRID::Machine provides Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) over SSH for Perl. The client connects to remote hosts to execute code on them. A compromised or malicious remote host can execute arbitrary code back on the client through unsafe deserialization in the RPC protocol.
read_operation() in lib/GRID/Machine/Message.pm deserialises values from the remote side using eval()
$arg .= '$VAR1';
my $val = eval "no strict; $arg"; # line 40-41
$arg is raw bytes from the protocol pipe. A compromised remote host can embed arbitrary perl in the Dumper-formatted response:
$VAR1 = do { system("..."); };
This executes on the client silently on every RPC call, as the return values remain correct.
This functionality is by design but the trust requirement for the remote host is not documented in the distribution.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-01 14:17 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/… | third-party-advisory |
| http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/03/26/6 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CASIANO | GRID::Machine |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 0.127
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-4837 (GCVE-0-2026-4837)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-08 15:59 – Updated: 2026-04-13 13:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Eval Injection in Rapid7 Insight Agent
Summary
An eval() injection vulnerability in the Rapid7 Insight Agent beaconing logic for Linux versions could theoretically allow an attacker to achieve remote code execution as root via a crafted beacon response. Because the Agent uses mutual TLS (mTLS) to verify commands from the Rapid7 Platform, it is unlikely that the eval() function could be exploited remotely without prior, highly privileged access to the backend platform.
Severity
6.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-09 03:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code ('eval injection')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rapid7 | Insight Agent |
Affected:
0 , < 4.1.0.2
(custom)
|
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CVE-2026-4001 (GCVE-0-2026-4001)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 23:25 – Updated: 2026-04-08 17:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Woocommerce Custom Product Addons Pro <= 5.4.1 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via Custom Pricing Formula
Summary
The Woocommerce Custom Product Addons Pro plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 5.4.1 via the custom pricing formula eval() in the process_custom_formula() function within includes/process/price.php. This is due to insufficient sanitization and validation of user-submitted field values before passing them to PHP's eval() function. The sanitize_values() method strips HTML tags but does not escape single quotes or prevent PHP code injection. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on the server by submitting a crafted value to a WCPA text field configured with custom pricing formula (pricingType: "custom" with {this.value}).
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-24 13:37 UTC
CWE
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| acowebs | Woocommerce Custom Product Addons Pro |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 5.4.1
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-1665 (GCVE-0-2026-1665)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-29 23:04 – Updated: 2026-01-30 18:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Command Injection in nvm via NVM_AUTH_HEADER in wget code path
Summary
A command injection vulnerability exists in nvm (Node Version Manager) versions 0.40.3 and below. The nvm_download() function uses eval to execute wget commands, and the NVM_AUTH_HEADER environment variable was not sanitized in the wget code path (though it was sanitized in the curl code path). An attacker who can set environment variables in a victim's shell environment (e.g., via malicious CI/CD configurations, compromised dotfiles, or Docker images) can inject arbitrary shell commands that execute when the victim runs nvm commands that trigger downloads, such as 'nvm install' or 'nvm ls-remote'.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-30 18:27 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/commit/44e2590cdf25… | patch |
| https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/releases/tag/v0.40.4 | release-notes |
| https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm | product |
| https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/pull/3380 | x_introduced |
Impacted products
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"time": "2026-01-09T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Fix committed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-01-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "v0.40.4 released"
}
],
"title": "Command Injection in nvm via NVM_AUTH_HEADER in wget code path"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb",
"assignerShortName": "openjs",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-1665",
"datePublished": "2026-01-29T23:04:05.741Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-01-29T21:25:18.405Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-01-30T18:27:52.134Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Refactoring
If possible, refactor your code so that it does not need to use eval() at all.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Implementation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180, CWE-181). Make sure that your application does not inadvertently decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked. Use libraries such as the OWASP ESAPI Canonicalization control.
- Consider performing repeated canonicalization until your input does not change any more. This will avoid double-decoding and similar scenarios, but it might inadvertently modify inputs that are allowed to contain properly-encoded dangerous content.
Mitigation
Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.