Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-21401 (GCVE-0-2025-21401)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-14 23:16 – Updated: 2026-02-13 19:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerabi… | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) |
Affected:
1.0.0.0 , < 133.0.3065.69
(custom)
|
Date Public
2025-02-13 08:00
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CVE-2025-21104 (GCVE-0-2025-21104)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-03-13 11:42 – Updated: 2026-02-13 19:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dell NetWorker, versions prior to 19.11.0.4 and version 19.12, contains an URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') Vulnerability in NetWorker Management Console. An unauthenticated attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to a targeted application user being redirected to arbitrary web URLs. The vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to conduct phishing attacks that cause users to divulge sensitive information.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/00029439… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-03-12 18:30
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CVE-2025-20382 (GCVE-0-2025-20382)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-03 17:00 – Updated: 2025-12-03 21:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
URL validation bypass through Views Dashboard in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.0.2, 9.4.6, 9.3.8, and 9.2.10, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 10.1.2507.10, 10.0.2503.8, and 9.3.2411.120, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could create a views dashboard with a custom background using the `data:image/png;base64` protocol that could potentially lead to an unvalidated redirect. This behavior circumvents the Splunk external URL warning mechanism by using a specially crafted URL, allowing for a redirection to an external malicious site. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The authenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
10.0 , < 10.0.2
(custom)
Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.6 (custom) Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.8 (custom) Affected: 9.2 , < 9.2.10 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Cloud Platform |
Affected:
10.1.2507 , < 10.1.2507.10
(custom)
Affected: 10.0.2503 , < 10.0.2503.8 (custom) Affected: 9.3.2411 , < 9.3.2411.120 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-12-03 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-20378 (GCVE-0-2025-20378)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 17:22 – Updated: 2025-11-12 21:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Open Redirect on Web Login endpoint in Splunk Enterprise
Summary
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 10.0.1, 9.4.5, 9.3.7, 9.2.9, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 10.0.2503.5, 9.3.2411.111, and 9.3.2408.121, an unauthenticated attacker could craft a malicious URL using the `return_to` parameter of the Splunk Web login endpoint. When an authenticated user visits the malicious URL, it could cause an unvalidated redirect to an external malicious site. To be successful, the attacker has to trick the victim into initiating a request from their browser. The unauthenticated attacker should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - A web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a Redirect. This simplifies phishing attacks.
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Splunk | Splunk Enterprise |
Affected:
10.0 , < 10.0.1
(custom)
Affected: 9.4 , < 9.4.5 (custom) Affected: 9.3 , < 9.3.7 (custom) Affected: 9.2 , < 9.2.9 (custom) |
|
| Splunk | Splunk Cloud Platform |
Affected:
10.0.2503 , < 10.0.2503.5
(custom)
Affected: 9.3.2411 , < 9.3.2411.111 (custom) Affected: 9.3.2408 , < 9.3.2408.121 (custom) |
Date Public
2025-11-12 00:00
Credits
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CVE-2025-20355 (GCVE-0-2025-20355)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 16:18 – Updated: 2025-11-13 16:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco Catalyst Center Software HTTP Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Catalyst Center Virtual Appliance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.
This vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Digital Network Architecture Center (DNA Center) |
Affected:
1.4.0.0
Affected: 2.1.1.0 Affected: 2.1.1.3 Affected: 2.1.2.0 Affected: 2.1.2.3 Affected: 2.1.2.4 Affected: 2.1.2.5 Affected: 2.2.1.0 Affected: 2.1.2.6 Affected: 2.2.2.0 Affected: 2.2.2.1 Affected: 2.2.2.3 Affected: 2.1.2.7 Affected: 2.2.1.3 Affected: 2.2.3.0 Affected: 2.2.2.4 Affected: 2.2.2.5 Affected: 2.2.3.3 Affected: 2.2.2.7 Affected: 2.2.2.6 Affected: 2.2.2.8 Affected: 2.2.3.4 Affected: 2.1.2.8 Affected: 2.3.2.1 Affected: 2.3.2.1-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.2.1-AIRGAP-CA Affected: 2.2.3.5 Affected: 2.3.3.0 Affected: 2.3.3.3 Affected: 2.3.3.1-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.1 Affected: 2.3.2.3 Affected: 2.3.3.3-AIRGAP Affected: 2.2.3.6 Affected: 2.2.2.9 Affected: 2.3.3.0-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.3-AIRGAP-CA Affected: 2.3.3.4 Affected: 2.3.3.4-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.4-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.3.4-HF1 Affected: 2.3.4.0 Affected: 2.3.3.5 Affected: 2.3.3.5-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.4.0-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.4.3 Affected: 2.3.4.3-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.6 Affected: 2.3.5.0 Affected: 2.3.3.6-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.5.0-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.6-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.5.0-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.3.7 Affected: 2.3.3.7-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.7-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.6.0 Affected: 2.3.3.6-70045-HF1 Affected: 2.3.3.7-72328-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.3.7-72323 Affected: 2.3.3.7-72328-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.5.3 Affected: 2.3.5.3-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.5.3-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.6.0-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.0 Affected: 2.3.7.0-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.0-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.7.0-VA Affected: 2.3.5.4 Affected: 2.3.5.4-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.5.4-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.7.3 Affected: 2.3.7.3-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.3-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.5.5-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.5.5 Affected: 2.3.5.5-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.7.4 Affected: 2.3.7.4-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.4-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.7.5-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.5-VA Affected: 2.3.5.6-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.5.6 Affected: 2.3.5.6-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 1.0.0.0 Affected: 2.3.7.6-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.6 Affected: 2.3.7.6-VA Affected: 2.3.5.5-70026-HF70 Affected: 2.3.5.5-70026-HF51 Affected: 2.3.5.6-70143-HF20 Affected: 2.3.7.6-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.5.5-70026-HF52 Affected: 2.3.5.5-70026-HF53 Affected: 2.3.5.5-70026-HF71 Affected: 2.3.7.7 Affected: 2.3.7.7-VA Affected: 2.3.7.7-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.7-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.5.5-70026-HF72 Affected: 2.3.7.9-VA Affected: 2.3.7.9 Affected: 2.3.7.9-AIRGAP Affected: 2.3.7.9-AIRGAP-MDNAC Affected: 2.3.7.9-70301-GSMU10 Affected: 2.3.7.9-75403-SMU10 Affected: 2.3.7.9-75403-GSMU10 Affected: 2.3.7.9.75403.10-VA |
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"version": "2.3.3.4"
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{
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.4-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.4-HF1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.4.0"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.5"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.5-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.4.0-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.4.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.4.3-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.6"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.0"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.6-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.0-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.6-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.0-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.7"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.7-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.7-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.6.0"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.6-70045-HF1"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.7-72328-AIRGAP"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.7-72323"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.3.7-72328-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.3-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.3-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.6.0-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.0"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.0-AIRGAP"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.0-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.0-VA"
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{
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"version": "2.3.5.4"
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{
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"version": "2.3.5.4-AIRGAP"
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"version": "2.3.5.4-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.3"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.3-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.3-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.4"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.4-AIRGAP"
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.4-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.5-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.6-AIRGAP"
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"version": "2.3.5.6"
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{
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"version": "1.0.0.0"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.6-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.6"
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{
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{
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"version": "2.3.5.5-70026-HF70"
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{
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.6-70143-HF20"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.6-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5-70026-HF52"
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5-70026-HF53"
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5-70026-HF71"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.7"
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"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.7-VA"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.7-AIRGAP"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.7-AIRGAP-MDNAC"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.5.5-70026-HF72"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.9-VA"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.9"
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{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.7.9-70301-GSMU10"
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],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Catalyst Center Virtual Appliance could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious web page.\r\n\r\nThis vulnerability is due to improper input validation of HTTP request parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by intercepting and modifying an HTTP request from a user. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect the user to a malicious web page."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Cisco PSIRT is not aware of any public announcements or malicious use of the vulnerabilities that are described in this advisory."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 4.7,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
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"version": "3.1"
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],
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{
"descriptions": [
{
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"description": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
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}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T16:27:42.125Z",
"orgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"shortName": "cisco"
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"references": [
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"name": "cisco-sa-catc-open-redirect-3W5Bk3Je",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-catc-open-redirect-3W5Bk3Je"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "cisco-sa-catc-open-redirect-3W5Bk3Je",
"defects": [
"CSCwk40834"
],
"discovery": "INTERNAL"
},
"title": "Cisco Catalyst Center Software HTTP Open Redirect Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "d1c1063e-7a18-46af-9102-31f8928bc633",
"assignerShortName": "cisco",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-20355",
"datePublished": "2025-11-13T16:18:14.450Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-10-10T19:15:13.257Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-13T16:51:21.740Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2025-20317 (GCVE-0-2025-20317)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-27 16:23 – Updated: 2025-08-27 18:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cisco UCS Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) Open Redirect Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the Virtual Keyboard Video Monitor (vKVM) connection handling of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a user to a malicious website.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient verification of vKVM endpoints. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to redirect a user to a malicious webpage and potentially capture user credentials.
Note: The affected vKVM client is also included in Cisco UCS Manager.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Computing System (Managed) |
Affected:
4.0(1a)
Affected: 3.2(3n) Affected: 4.1(1a) Affected: 4.1(1b) Affected: 4.0(4h) Affected: 4.1(1c) Affected: 3.2(3k) Affected: 3.2(2c) Affected: 4.0(4e) Affected: 4.0(4g) Affected: 3.2(3i) Affected: 4.0(2e) Affected: 3.2(3g) Affected: 4.0(4a) Affected: 4.0(2d) Affected: 3.2(2d) Affected: 4.0(1b) Affected: 4.0(4f) Affected: 3.2(3h) Affected: 3.2(2f) Affected: 4.0(4c) Affected: 3.2(3a) Affected: 4.0(1c) Affected: 3.2(3d) Affected: 3.2(2b) Affected: 4.0(4b) Affected: 3.2(2e) Affected: 4.0(2b) Affected: 4.0(4d) Affected: 3.2(1d) Affected: 3.2(3e) Affected: 3.2(3l) Affected: 3.2(3b) Affected: 4.0(2a) Affected: 3.2(3j) Affected: 4.0(1d) Affected: 3.2(3o) Affected: 4.0(4i) Affected: 4.1(1d) Affected: 4.1(2a) Affected: 4.1(1e) Affected: 3.2(3p) Affected: 4.1(2b) Affected: 4.0(4k) Affected: 4.1(3a) Affected: 4.1(3b) Affected: 4.1(2c) Affected: 4.0(4l) Affected: 4.1(4a) Affected: 4.1(3c) Affected: 4.1(3d) Affected: 4.2(1c) Affected: 4.2(1d) Affected: 4.0(4m) Affected: 4.1(3e) Affected: 4.2(1f) Affected: 4.1(3f) Affected: 4.2(1i) Affected: 4.1(3h) Affected: 4.2(1k) Affected: 4.2(1l) Affected: 4.0(4n) Affected: 4.2(1m) Affected: 4.1(3i) Affected: 4.2(2a) Affected: 4.2(1n) Affected: 4.1(3j) Affected: 4.2(2c) Affected: 4.2(2d) Affected: 4.2(3b) Affected: 4.1(3k) Affected: 4.0(4o) Affected: 4.2(2e) Affected: 4.2(3d) Affected: 4.2(3e) Affected: 4.2(3g) Affected: 4.1(3l) Affected: 4.3(2b) Affected: 4.2(3h) Affected: 4.2(3i) Affected: 4.3(2c) Affected: 4.1(3m) Affected: 4.3(2e) Affected: 4.3(3a) Affected: 4.2(3j) Affected: 4.3(3c) Affected: 4.3(4a) Affected: 4.2(3k) Affected: 4.3(4b) Affected: 4.3(4c) Affected: 4.2(3l) Affected: 4.3(4d) Affected: 4.3(2f) Affected: 4.2(3m) Affected: 4.3(5a) Affected: 4.3(4e) Affected: 4.1(3n) Affected: 4.3(4f) Affected: 4.2(3n) Affected: 4.3(5c) Affected: 4.2(3o) Affected: 4.3(5d) Affected: 4.3(5e) |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Computing System (Standalone) |
Affected:
2.0(1a)
Affected: 4.0(2g) Affected: 2.0(13f) Affected: 3.0(4n) Affected: 2.0(3e)1 Affected: 3.0(3e) Affected: 2.0(8h) Affected: 2.0(10g) Affected: 3.1(2i) Affected: 3.0(3c) Affected: 3.0(4m) Affected: 3.1(1d) Affected: 3.0(3a) Affected: 3.0(1d) Affected: 2.0(9o) Affected: 2.0(13n) Affected: 4.0(4i) Affected: 4.1(1c) Affected: 2.0(13q) Affected: 2.0(3j)1 Affected: 4.0(2c) Affected: 2.0(9n) Affected: 4.0(1e) Affected: 2.0(13o) Affected: 2.0(6f) Affected: 2.0(10c) Affected: 2.0(8d) Affected: 2.0(9m) Affected: 4.0(2h) Affected: 3.0(4j) Affected: 2.0(10i) Affected: 3.0(3f) Affected: 2.0(10l) Affected: 2.0(12e) Affected: 2.0(12i) Affected: 2.0(10h) Affected: 2.0(13e) Affected: 3.0(4k) Affected: 2.0(10b) Affected: 2.0(6d) Affected: 2.0(12b) Affected: 4.0(4h) Affected: 2.0(12h) Affected: 2.0(10f) Affected: 3.0(4l) Affected: 4.0(1h) Affected: 4.0(2l) Affected: 2.0(3i) Affected: 2.0(3f)3 Affected: 3.0(4a) Affected: 2.0(13p) Affected: 2.0(9l) Affected: 2.0(12g) Affected: 2.0(12c) Affected: 2.0(12f) Affected: 2.0(13k) Affected: 3.0(3b) Affected: 2.0(1b) Affected: 3.1(3g) Affected: 2.0(4c) Affected: 4.0(1.240) Affected: 2.0(12d) Affected: 4.0(2f) Affected: 4.0(1g) Affected: 3.0(4d) Affected: 3.0(2b) Affected: 2.0(3d)2 Affected: 2.0(3d)1 Affected: 2.0(9f) Affected: 2.0(13h) Affected: 3.0(4e) Affected: 2.0(8g) Affected: 4.0(2i) Affected: 2.0(10e) Affected: 2.0(13i) Affected: 2.0(9c) Affected: 2.0(4c)1 Affected: 3.0(1c) Affected: 2.0(8e) Affected: 2.0(9e) Affected: 2.0(9p) Affected: 3.1(3i) Affected: 3.0(4i) Affected: 2.0(10k) Affected: 3.0(4o) Affected: 4.0(4d) Affected: 4.1(1d) Affected: 3.1(3c) Affected: 4.0(4k) Affected: 3.1(2d) Affected: 3.1(3a) Affected: 3.1(3j) Affected: 4.0(2d) Affected: 4.1(1f) Affected: 3.0(4p) Affected: 4.0(1c) Affected: 4.0(4f) Affected: 4.0(4c) Affected: 3.1(3d) Affected: 3.1(2g) Affected: 3.1(2c) Affected: 4.0(1d) Affected: 3.1(2e) Affected: 4.0(1a) Affected: 4.0(1b) Affected: 3.1(3b) Affected: 4.0(4b) Affected: 3.1(2b) Affected: 4.0(4e) Affected: 3.1(3h) Affected: 3.0(4q) Affected: 4.0(4l) Affected: 4.1(1g) Affected: 4.1(2a) Affected: 3.0(4r) Affected: 4.0(2n) Affected: 4.1(1h) Affected: 3.1(3k) Affected: 4.1(2b) Affected: 4.0(2o) Affected: 4.0(4m) Affected: 4.1(2d) Affected: 4.1(3b) Affected: 4.0(2p) Affected: 4.1(2e) Affected: 4.1(2f) Affected: 3.0(4s) Affected: 4.0(4n) Affected: 4.0(2q) Affected: 4.1(3c) Affected: 4.0(2r) Affected: 4.1(3d) Affected: 4.1(2g) Affected: 4.1(2h) Affected: 4.1(3f) Affected: 4.1(2j) Affected: 4.1(2k) Affected: 4.1(3h) Affected: 4.2(2a) Affected: 4.1(3i) Affected: 4.2(2f) Affected: 4.2(2g) Affected: 4.2(3b) Affected: 4.1(3l) Affected: 4.2(3d) Affected: 4.3(1.230097) Affected: 4.2(1e) Affected: 4.2(1b) Affected: 4.2(1j) Affected: 4.2(1i) Affected: 4.2(1f) Affected: 4.2(1a) Affected: 4.2(1c) Affected: 4.2(1g) Affected: 4.3(1.230124) Affected: 4.1(2l) Affected: 4.2(3e) Affected: 4.3(1.230138) Affected: 4.2(3g) Affected: 4.3(2.230207) Affected: 4.2(3h) Affected: 4.2(3i) Affected: 4.3(2.230270) Affected: 4.1(3m) Affected: 4.1(2m) Affected: 4.3(2.240002) Affected: 4.3(3.240022) Affected: 4.2(3j) Affected: 4.1(3n) Affected: 4.3(2.240009) Affected: 4.3(3.240043) Affected: 4.3(4.240142) Affected: 4.3(2.240037) Affected: 4.3(2.240053) Affected: 4.3(4.240152) Affected: 4.2(3l) Affected: 4.3(2.240077) Affected: 4.3(4.242028) Affected: 4.3(4.241063) Affected: 4.3(4.242038) Affected: 4.2(3m) Affected: 4.3(2.240090) Affected: 4.3(5.240021) Affected: 4.3(2.240107) Affected: 4.3(4.242066) Affected: 4.2(3n) Affected: 4.3(2.250016) Affected: 4.3(2.250021) Affected: 4.3(2.250022) Affected: 4.3(2.250037) Affected: 4.3(2.250045) Affected: 4.3(4.252002) |
|
| Cisco | Cisco Unified Computing System E-Series Software (UCSE) |
Affected:
3.2.7
Affected: 3.2.6 Affected: 3.2.4 Affected: 3.2.10 Affected: 3.2.2 Affected: 3.2.3 Affected: 2.4.0 Affected: 3.2.1 Affected: 3.2.11.1 Affected: 3.2.8 Affected: 3.1.1 Affected: 3.0.2 Affected: 2.1.0 Affected: 2.2.2 Affected: 3.1.2 Affected: 3.0.1 Affected: 2.3.2 Affected: 2.3.5 Affected: 2.2.1 Affected: 3.1.4 Affected: 2.4.1 Affected: 2.3.1 Affected: 3.1.3 Affected: 2.3.3 Affected: 2.4.2 Affected: 3.1.5 Affected: 3.1.0 Affected: 2.0.0 Affected: 3.2.11.3 Affected: 3.2.11.5 Affected: 3.2.12.2 Affected: 3.2.13.6 Affected: 3.2.14 Affected: 4.11.1 Affected: 3.2.15 Affected: 4.12.1 Affected: 3.2.15.3 Affected: 4.12.2 Affected: 3.2.16.1 Affected: 2.02 Affected: 4.00 |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-20317",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-08-27T18:51:46.552039Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-08-27T18:52:07.395Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Unified Computing System (Managed)",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(2e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3j)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3o)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(2a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.2(3p)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(2c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(4a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(2a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(1n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3j)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(2c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4o)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(2e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(2c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(2e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(3a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3j)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(3c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(4a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(4b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(4c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(4d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(2f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(5a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(4e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(3n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(4f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(5c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2(3o)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(5d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3(5e)"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unknown",
"product": "Cisco Unified Computing System (Standalone)",
"vendor": "Cisco",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(1a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(3e)1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(3e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(8h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(2i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(3c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(3a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9o)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13q)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(3j)1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9n)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13o)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(6f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(8d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9m)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4j)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(3f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(6d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(3i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(3f)3"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13p)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9l)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(3b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(1b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(3g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(4c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1.240)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(12d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(2b)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(3d)2"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(3d)1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13h)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(8g)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(13i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(4c)1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(8e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9e)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(9p)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(3i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4i)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.0(10k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4o)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(3c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4k)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(3a)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.1(3j)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(2d)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.1(1f)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.0(4p)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(1c)"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.0(4f)"
},
{
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CVE-2025-20291 (GCVE-0-2025-20291)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-03 17:41 – Updated: 2025-09-03 17:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Meetings could have allowed an unauthenticated, remote attacker to redirect a targeted Webex Meetings user to an untrusted website. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Meetings service, and no customer action is needed.
This vulnerability existed because of insufficient validation of URLs that were included in a meeting-join URL. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by including a URL to a website of their choosing in a specific value of a Cisco Webex Meetings join URL. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to redirect a targeted user to a website that was controlled by the attacker, possibly making the user more likely to believe the website was trusted by Webex and perform additional actions as part of phishing attacks.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cisco | Cisco Webex Meetings |
Affected:
N/A
|
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CVE-2025-15258 (GCVE-0-2025-15258)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 17:32 – Updated: 2026-02-24 06:18 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Edimax BR-6208AC Web-based Configuration formALGSetup redirect
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Edimax BR-6208AC 1.02/1.03. Affected by this issue is the function formALGSetup of the file /goform/formALGSetup of the component Web-based Configuration Interface. This manipulation of the argument wlan-url causes open redirect. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Edimax confirms this issue: "The product mentioned, EDIMAX BR-6208AC V2, has reached its End of Life (EOL) status. It is no longer supported or maintained by Edimax, and it is no longer available for purchase in the market. Consequently, there will be no further firmware updates or patches for this device. We recommend users upgrade to newer models for better security." This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - Open Redirect
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.338648 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338648 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.722446 | third-party-advisory |
| https://tzh00203.notion.site/EDIMAX-BR-6208AC-V2_… | exploit |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-15241 (GCVE-0-2025-15241)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 09:02 – Updated: 2025-12-30 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
CloudPanel Community Edition HTTP Header users redirect
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in CloudPanel Community Edition up to 2.5.1. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /admin/users of the component HTTP Header Handler. Such manipulation of the argument Referer leads to open redirect. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. Upgrading to version 2.5.2 is sufficient to fix this issue. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - Open Redirect
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.338631 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338631 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.725543 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Stolichnayer/cloudpanel-open-r… | related |
| https://github.com/Stolichnayer/cloudpanel-open-r… | exploit |
| https://github.com/cloudpanel-io/cloudpanel-ce/re… | patch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CloudPanel | Community Edition |
Affected:
2.5.0
Affected: 2.5.1 Unaffected: 2.5.2 |
Credits
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CVE-2025-15112 (GCVE-0-2025-15112)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-30 22:41 – Updated: 2026-03-11 19:29 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Ksenia Security lares Home Automation 1.6 URL Redirection Vulnerability
Summary
Ksenia Security lares (legacy model) version 1.6 contains a URL redirection vulnerability in the 'cmdOk.xml' script that allows attackers to manipulate the 'redirectPage' GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect authenticated users to arbitrary websites when clicking on a specially constructed link hosted on a trusted domain.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-601 - URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL… | third-party-advisory |
| https://packetstorm.news/files/id/190179/ | exploit |
| https://www.kseniasecurity.com/ | product |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ksenia-secur… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ksenia Security S.p.A. | lares |
Affected:
1.6
Affected: 1.0.0.15 |
Date Public
2025-03-31 00:00
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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.