Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-457

Weakness Allowed

Use of Uninitialized Variable

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

The code uses a variable that has not been initialized, leading to unpredictable or unintended results.

Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Variant level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-908 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-665 · View CWE-1305
ChildOf: CWE-665 · View CWE-1340
Modes of introduction
Implementation

The presence of an uninitialized variable can sometimes indicate a typographic error in the code.

Implementation

In C, using an uninitialized char * in some string libraries will return incorrect results, as the libraries expect the null terminator to always be at the end of a string, even if the string is empty.

Detection methods

Fuzzing

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues.

Effectiveness: High

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Content history
Submission: CLASP · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: · KDM Analytics · 2008-08-01 · CWE 1.0

added/updated white box definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Description, Relationships, Observed_Example, Other_Notes, References, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-01-12 · CWE 1.2

updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Demonstrative_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Applicable_Platforms, Description, Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-06-23 · CWE 2.7

updated Modes_of_Introduction, Other_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, White_Box_Definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated References, Relationships, Type

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-12-10 · CWE 4.3

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-07-20 · CWE 4.5

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, References, Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-09-09 · CWE 4.18

updated Potential_Mitigations, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Background_Details, Common_Consequences, Description, Modes_of_Introduction, References

404 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-121611 (GCVE-0-2026-121611)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-09 13:01 – Updated: 2026-11-09 13:01
VLAI
Title
Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free: gst-plugins-bad: use of uninitialized gsth265hrdparams in gst_h265_parse_vps() multi-hrd workaround loop
Summary
A flaw was found in GStreamer's gst-plugins-bad package. A use of uninitialized memory vulnerability exists in the H.265 (HEVC) bitstream parser when processing Video Parameter Sets that declare more than one HRD (Hypothetical Reference Decoder) parameter set. A remote attacker could exploit this by providing a crafted H.265 media file or stream that, when processed by an application using GStreamer, causes unpredictable parser behavior and may crash the application. This can lead to a denial of service for any application using GStreamer to play back H.265 content.
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1161 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-11-09 11:02
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-120246 (GCVE-0-2026-120246)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 00:57 – Updated: 2026-11-05 15:37
VLAI
Title
FFmpeg 4.4 through 9.0.2 Uninitialized Memory Disclosure via CDXL HAM Decoder
Summary
FFmpeg 4.4 through 9.0.2 contains a use of uninitialized variable vulnerability in the CDXL decoder that leaks stack memory into decoded pixels via unfilled HAM palette entries. Attackers can craft a type-0 CDXL file whose HAM pixels select unfilled new_palette entries in cdxl_decode_ham8() or cdxl_decode_ham6(), exposing stack bytes and pointer fragments in the BGR24 output.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-05 15:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7770 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FFmpeg FFmpeg Affected: 4.4 , ≤ 9.0.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-05 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-120243 (GCVE-0-2026-120243)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-01 00:57 – Updated: 2026-11-06 18:55
VLAI
Title
FFmpeg 2.0 through 9.0.2 Information Disclosure via G2M Kempf Palette
Summary
FFmpeg 2.0 through 9.0.2 contains a use of uninitialized variable vulnerability in the Go2Meeting decoder that allows attackers to leak stack memory through out-of-range palette indices. Attackers can craft a G2M3/G2M4 stream with a short Kempf palette so kempf_restore_buf() copies uninitialized stack bytes, including pointers or stack guards, into decoded output.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-06 18:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7770 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FFmpeg FFmpeg Affected: 2.0 , ≤ 9.0.2 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:ffmpeg:ffmpeg:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-120061 (GCVE-0-2026-120061)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 19:09 – Updated: 2026-11-02 19:35
VLAI
Title
psqlODBC ODBC escape parser stack buffer overflow
Summary
The psqlODBC parser for ODBC escape sequences in application SQL text writes the argument offsets of a {fn} escape into a fixed 16-entry stack array without a bound and does not initialize the array. An escape with too many arguments overflows the stack, and a reference to an unsupplied argument copies arbitrary bytes into the query. The copy of a {d}, {t}, {ts}, or {escape} body also writes one byte past a 128-byte stack buffer. An application that forwards untrusted SQL text to the driver exposes its process to memory corruption. Versions before psqlODBC 18.00.0006 are affected.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 19:34 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-121 - Stack-based Buffer Overflow
  • CWE-193 - Off-by-one Error
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
PostgreSQL CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 71/100 over 114 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
PostgreSQL psqlODBC Affected: 0 , < 18.00.0006 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-11-02 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-118448 (GCVE-0-2026-118448)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 09:01 – Updated: 2026-11-03 18:32 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Uninitialized output buffer returned after nd_to_text failure in pybddisasm
Summary
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SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 17:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
Bitdefender CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 8 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Bitdefender pybddisasm Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.3.0 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-118447 (GCVE-0-2026-118447)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 09:01 – Updated: 2026-11-03 18:32 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Uninitialized INSTRUX contents returned after decoding failure in pybddisasm
Summary
A use of uninitialized memory vulnerability in the pybddisasm Python bindings may disclose process memory when instruction decoding fails. The nd_decode, nd_decode_ex, nd_decode_ex2, and nd_decode_with_context functions may return an INSTRUX object whose contents have not been initialized after an unsuccessful decoding operation, including failures caused by invalid parameters. Accessing members of the returned object may expose residual process memory. Exploitation requires an application to access and expose the returned object contents after a decoding failure. The pybddisasm package is no longer maintained.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 17:23 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
Bitdefender CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard – unranked: 8 records in the last 180 days, 10 needed details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Bitdefender pybddisasm Affected: 0 , ≤ 0.3.0 (python)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-112898 (GCVE-0-2026-112898)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 22:04 – Updated: 2026-10-28 15:15
VLAI
Title
Pillow: Image.quantize() with empty palette leaks uninitialized stack memory
Summary
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 9.1.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow can disclose uninitialized stack memory when Image.quantize() uses an empty palette. ImagingPaletteCacheUpdate() leaves a local cache array uninitialized when the palette has zero entries, and the conversion path emits those bytes as output pixel indices. An attacker who controls the palette image can obtain stack contents from a returned PNG or GIF. This can disclose addresses and stack-canary data without an out-of-bounds access, memory corruption, or process crash. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 15:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-pillow Pillow Affected: >= 9.1.0, < 13.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-112893 (GCVE-0-2026-112893)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 21:53 – Updated: 2026-10-28 15:12
VLAI
Title
Pillow: Invalid free in FreeType glyph rendering when a stroker is active
Summary
Pillow is a Python imaging library. From 10.0.0 until 13.0.0, Pillow can free an invalid glyph pointer during FreeType rendering with an active stroker. If FT_Load_Glyph fails, cleanup may call FT_Done_Glyph on an uninitialized or stale glyph variable. An attacker can supply a malformed font as untrusted bytes to an application that draws text with a nonzero stroke width, forcing the glyph-load failure path. This can corrupt memory or crash the process. This issue is fixed in version 13.0.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 15:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
  • CWE-763 - Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7836 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
python-pillow Pillow Affected: >= 10.0.0, < 13.0.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-109854 (GCVE-0-2026-109854)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 09:16 – Updated: 2026-11-06 17:50
VLAI
Title
M17n-lib: uninitialized stack read in iso-2022 compound text utf-8 decoding
Summary
A flaw was found in m17n-lib. An attacker who supplies crafted input to an application processing ISO-2022 encoded text can cause the library to read uninitialized memory from the stack. If the application exposes or returns the decoded output, this flaw can result in unexpected behavior and limited information disclosure.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-16 21:40 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1161 records in the last 180 days details
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-13 07:28
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-109828 (GCVE-0-2026-109828)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-13 17:00 – Updated: 2026-10-13 17:16 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
libsndfile WAV Parsing wavlike.c wavlike_subchunk_parse uninitialized variable
Summary
A vulnerability was found in libsndfile up to 1.2.2. This issue affects the function wavlike_subchunk_parse of the file src/wavlike.c of the component WAV Parsing. Performing a manipulation results in use of uninitialized variable. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-13 17:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-457 - Use of Uninitialized Variable
  • CWE-453 - Insecure Default Variable Initialization
Assigner
VulDB CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 83/100 over 3855 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a libsndfile Affected: 1.2.0
Affected: 1.2.1
Affected: 1.2.2
    cpe:2.3:a:libsndfile:libsndfile:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Show details on NVD website

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        {
          "name": "Submit #1002209 | libsndfile b9103bd48b6c8fb517ae737fe3baee0c718b804c Use of Uninitialized Resource",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/1002209"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "exploit",
            "issue-tracking"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/libsndfile/libsndfile/issues/1169"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "product"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/libsndfile/libsndfile/"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "x_open-source"
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-13T00:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "Advisory disclosed"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-13T02:00:00.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry created"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-10-13T07:03:54.000Z",
          "value": "VulDB entry last update"
        }
      ],
      "title": "libsndfile WAV Parsing wavlike.c wavlike_subchunk_parse uninitialized variable",
      "x_generator": [
        "VulDB PVTS v202610"
      ]
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
    "assignerShortName": "VulDB",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-109828",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-13T17:00:15.758Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-10-13T04:58:48.993Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-13T17:16:03.306Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation MIT-57
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Ensure that critical variables are initialized before first use [REF-1485].

Mitigation
Build and Compilation

Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening

Most compilers will complain about the use of uninitialized variables if warnings are turned on.

Mitigation
Implementation Operation

When using a language that does not require explicit declaration of variables, run or compile the software in a mode that reports undeclared or unknown variables. This may indicate the presence of a typographic error in the variable's name.

Mitigation
Requirements

Strategy: Language Selection

Choose a language that is not susceptible to these issues.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Mitigating technologies such as safe string libraries and container abstractions could be introduced.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.