Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
1408 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-116145 (GCVE-0-2026-116145)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:19 – Updated: 2026-10-25 13:19
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-32 Security Policy Bypass via Incomplete Fix
Summary
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-32 contains a security policy bypass caused by an incomplete fix for the policy bypass reported in GHSA-jjp4-3fwf-393j. An attacker able to supply input to ImageMagick can evade configured security policy restrictions, allowing operations the policy was intended to block.
Severity
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/imagemagick-… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-32
(custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-32 (custom) |
|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
0 , < 6.9.13-58
(custom)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-58 (custom) |
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
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CVE-2026-115480 (GCVE-0-2026-115480)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-23 13:37 – Updated: 2026-10-23 13:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
baserCMS: Public Web API mail-form submission bypasses image CAPTCHA
Summary
baserCMS is a website development framework. In versions 5.0.0 before 5.3.2 and 5.4.0 before 5.4.2, the public POST /baser/api/bc-mail/mail_messages/add/{mailContentId}.json endpoint accepts submissions without enforcing the form's auth_captcha setting. BcMail\Controller\Api\MailMessagesController::add() and MailMessagesService::create() omit the BcCaptchaService::check() verification of captcha_id and auth_captcha performed by MailController::submit() in the web UI. An unauthenticated attacker who can reach the API can therefore automate submissions without solving the enabled image challenge. The API disables FormProtection and has no rate limit; submissions can generate administrator-inbox spam, send attacker-influenced auto-replies to third parties when an email field is present, and accumulate mail_messages database records when save_info is enabled. The API already enforces the isAccepting() check added for CVE-2026-30878; the missing CAPTCHA check is a separate control failure. This issue has been patched in versions 5.3.2 and 5.4.2.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/commit/3… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/baserproject/basercms/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| baserproject | basercms |
Affected:
>= 5.0.0, < 5.3.2
Affected: >= 5.4.0, < 5.4.2 |
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CVE-2026-114614 (GCVE-0-2026-114614)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-22 21:00 – Updated: 2026-10-22 21:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Authlib: is_secure_transport() loopback exemption can be bypassed with a userinfo component, allowing cleartext-HTTP URLs to non-loopback hosts
Summary
Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. From 0.13 until 1.8.0, authlib.common.security.is_secure_transport() uses a textual prefix comparison for loopback HTTP exemptions, so a URL whose userinfo begins with a loopback host can be accepted even when its parsed host is an external non-loopback system. An external party able to supply a URL to OIDC RP-Initiated Logout registration, authorization-server metadata validation, or another call site can bypass the TLS-required guard and cause cleartext redirection or acceptance of cleartext endpoints. The issue does not bypass redirect URI exact matching and does not by itself forge tokens or authenticate users. The vulnerable authlib.common.security.is_secure_transport() implementation in authlib/common/security.py misinterprets the userinfo component before OIDC RP-Initiated Logout dynamic client registration and other consumers enforce transport security. This issue is fixed in version 1.8.0.
Severity
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/authlib/authlib/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/authlib/authlib/commit/95ad1f9… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/authlib/authlib/releases/tag/v1.8.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-114139 (GCVE-0-2026-114139)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-21 20:14 – Updated: 2026-10-28 01:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sentry-Javascript: Middleware Bypass when using Tunnel route
Summary
Sentry-Javascript is an official Sentry SDKs for JavaScript. From 9.36.0 until 9.47.2, 10.75.2, and 11.0.0-rc.1, the webpack integration for @sentry/nextjs skips application middleware for every request path under a configured tunnelRoute, while the tunnel rewrite serves only the exact tunnel path with valid o and p query parameters. When an application route directly collides with the tunnel path or a root dynamic segment resolves under it, an unauthenticated request can reach that route without middleware authorization. Exploitation requires tunnelRoute, a webpack build, a colliding route, and middleware being the only authorization control. This issue is fixed in versions 9.47.2, 10.75.2, and 11.0.0-rc.1.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-28 01:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/se… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/pu… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/pu… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/pu… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/co… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/re… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/re… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/re… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| getsentry | sentry-javascript |
Affected:
>= 9.36.0, < 9.47.2
Affected: >= 10.0.0-alpha.0, < 10.75.2 Affected: >= 11.0.0-alpha.0, < 11.0.0-rc.1 |
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CVE-2026-113730 (GCVE-0-2026-113730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 21:24 – Updated: 2026-10-21 15:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OGNL stricter-invocation block list bypass via java.lang.reflect reflection proxies
Summary
OGNL is an Object Graph Navigation Library for Java. Prior to 3.4.13, the optional stricter-invocation mode in OgnlRuntime.invokeMethod checks the declaring class of the method that OGNL invokes but does not block java.lang.reflect.Method, java.lang.reflect.Constructor, or java.lang.reflect.Field. An attacker-controlled expression can invoke one of these reflection objects as a proxy for a method on a blocked class, causing the real operation to execute inside JDK reflection without passing through the stricter-invocation check again. Exploitation requires an application to evaluate untrusted OGNL expressions, use the default or an equivalently permissive MemberAccess that permits reflection, and rely on stricter invocation as a sandbox. Applications using a restrictive MemberAccess, including Apache Struts with SecurityMemberAccess, are not affected by this bypass. This issue is fixed in 3.4.13.
Severity
5.6 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-21 14:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/orphan-oss/ognl/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/orphan-oss/ognl/commit/16396fa… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/orphan-oss/ognl/commit/f4c17f7… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/orphan-oss/ognl/releases/tag/O… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| orphan-oss | ognl |
Affected:
< 3.4.13
|
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CVE-2026-113609 (GCVE-0-2026-113609)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-20 15:40 – Updated: 2026-10-20 16:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Bandisoft Bandizip before 7.47 Mark-of-the-Web Bypass for PowerShell Scripts
Summary
Bandisoft Bandizip before 7.47 fails to propagate Mark-of-the-Web to extracted .ps1 and .psm1 files, allowing attackers to bypass zone-based execution protections. Attackers can deliver unsigned PowerShell scripts or modules in downloaded archives that run under the RemoteSigned policy when the user invokes them.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 16:20 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://en.bandisoft.com/bandizip/history/ | release-notesvendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bandisoft-ba… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-10-13 00:00
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CVE-2026-112361 (GCVE-0-2026-112361)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 21:45 – Updated: 2026-10-20 13:53 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dolibarr CSP document.php protection mechanism
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in Dolibarr up to 23.0.2. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file htdocs/document.php of the component CSP. Such manipulation leads to protection mechanism failure. The attack can be executed remotely. Upgrading to version 24.0.0 is sufficient to resolve this issue. The name of the patch is 9f9ffa288d4ad2632c1d5dd88272c699a592f4ec. You should upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 13:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422397 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/422397/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112361 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/990315 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/commit/9f9ff… | patch |
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/releases/tag… | patch |
| https://github.com/Dolibarr/dolibarr/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-112077 (GCVE-0-2026-112077)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-19 04:15 – Updated: 2026-10-22 02:34 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
radareorg radare2 HTTP Sandbox Policy rtr_http.inc.c r_core_cmd_str_pipe protection mechanism
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in radareorg radare2 6.2.0/6.2.2. This issue affects the function r_core_cmd_str_pipe in the library libr/core/rtr_http.inc.c of the component HTTP Sandbox Policy Handler. Performing a manipulation results in protection mechanism failure. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitability is assessed as difficult. Upgrading to version 6.2.4 is capable of addressing this issue. The patch is named 18fd12efa98a7d1977de7bdd379d8a848777b90f. Upgrading the affected component is recommended. The pre-requisite of the vulnerability is reflected by the CVSS vector. One of the project maintainers explains: "There is a real sandbox configuration issue here, but the report overstates it. The HTTP server defaults to http.sandbox=true, so commands received through /cmd temporarily enable cfg.sandbox. However, cfg.sandbox.grain defaults to all, which means all sandbox capabilities - including exec - remain allowed. Therefore enabling the HTTP sandbox alone does NOT prevent commands from spawning processes. This only matters when the HTTP command endpoint is reachable by someone you do not trust. It is not a remote vulnerability by default: the HTTP server must first be started and exposed to the attacker."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-22 02:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
8 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421756 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/421756/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-112077 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1009600 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/issues/26861 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/commit/18fd1… | patch |
| https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/releases/tag/6.2.4 | patch |
| https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-110866 (GCVE-0-2026-110866)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 22:52 – Updated: 2026-10-20 02:27
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Renovate before 44.61.3 minimumReleaseAge Bypass via PR Rebase Request
Summary
Renovate before 44.61.3 contains a protection mechanism bypass vulnerability that allows minimumReleaseAge checks to be skipped when a user requests a PR rebase via the rebase/retry checkbox. Attackers who publish a malicious dependency version can have it pushed into the PR and run in CI before the required release age elapses.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 02:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/renovatebot/renovate/security/… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/renovate-bef… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| renovatebot | renovate |
Affected:
0 , < 44.61.3
(semver)
|
|
| mend | renovate-ce |
Affected:
0 , < 15.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| mend | renovate-ee-server |
Affected:
0 , < 15.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| mend | renovate-ee-worker |
Affected:
0 , < 15.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| mend | mend-renovate-ce helm chart |
Affected:
0 , < 15.5.0
(semver)
|
|
| mend | mend-renovate-enterprise-edition helm chart |
Affected:
0 , < 10.5.0
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-09-29 00:00
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CVE-2026-110689 (GCVE-0-2026-110689)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-14 20:45 – Updated: 2026-10-20 02:14 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw ClawScan Static Scanner runner.go shouldSkipTargetPath protection mechanism
Summary
A security flaw has been discovered in OpenClaw ClawScan up to 0.1.6. This impacts the function shouldSkipTargetPath of the file internal/runner/runner.go of the component Static Scanner. Performing a manipulation results in protection mechanism failure. Attacking locally is a requirement. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 0.1.7 will fix this issue. The patch is named 9f6a6fbb9f1137345566d0ab44c73893dfe112fa. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-20 02:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
10 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/419836 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/419836/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-110689 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/1003915 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/issues/39 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/pull/41 | issue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/nedlir/skills-scanner-bypass | exploit |
| https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/commit/9f6a6… | patch |
| https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/releases/tag… | patch |
| https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/ | product |
Impacted products
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"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/pull/41"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/nedlir/skills-scanner-bypass"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/commit/9f6a6fbb9f1137345566d0ab44c73893dfe112fa"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/releases/tag/v0.1.7"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/clawscan/"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-14T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-10-14T15:42:30.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "OpenClaw ClawScan Static Scanner runner.go shouldSkipTargetPath protection mechanism",
"x_generator": [
"VulDB PVTS v202610"
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-110689",
"datePublished": "2026-10-14T20:45:21.381Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-10-14T13:37:25.156Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-10-20T02:14:18.062Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.