Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
4098 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-16015 (GCVE-0-2026-16015)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 13:15 – Updated: 2026-07-17 18:05 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
poco-ai poco-claw executor_manager API tasks.py create_task missing authentication
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in poco-ai poco-claw up to 0.5.4. This vulnerability affects the function create_task of the file executor_manager/app/api/v1/tasks.py of the component executor_manager API. Executing a manipulation can lead to missing authentication. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 0.5.7 is able to resolve this issue. This patch is called 67fcc88505c57f77d3fcf04eb5b89425b10cbf48. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-17 17:27 UTC
Assigner
References
13 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/379757 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/379757/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-16015 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/856812 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/856813 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/856815 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/856816 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/poco-ai/poco-claw/issues/136 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/poco-ai/poco-claw/pull/135 | exploitissue-trackingpatch |
| https://github.com/poco-ai/poco-claw/issues/137 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/poco-ai/poco-claw/commit/67fcc… | exploitpatch |
| https://github.com/poco-ai/poco-claw/releases/tag/0.5.7 | exploitpatch |
| https://github.com/poco-ai/poco-claw/ | exploitproduct |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-15706 (GCVE-0-2026-15706)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-20 13:27 – Updated: 2026-08-24 07:23
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Missing Authentication for Critical Function in Management API in Baylan Water Meters's BMS
Summary
Missing authentication for critical function vulnerability in Baylan Measuring Instruments Industry and Trade Inc. Baylan Smart Meter Management Application (BMS) allows Authentication Bypass.
This issue affects Baylan Smart Meter Management Application (BMS): before v1.1.10.142.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-20 15:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing authentication for critical function
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler… | government-resource |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baylan Measuring Instruments Industry and Trade Inc. | Baylan Smart Meter Management Application (BMS) |
Affected:
0 , < v1.1.10.142
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-08-20 13:24
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CVE-2026-15581 (GCVE-0-2026-15581)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 20:44 – Updated: 2026-08-27 15:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trustyai-service-operator: trustyai-service-operator: tas internal service bypasses kube-rbac-proxy, exposing unauthenticated quarkus api cluster-wide
Summary
A flaw was found in the TrustyAI Service (TAS) deployment. This vulnerability allows any pod on the cluster network to bypass authentication and directly access the TAS backend API. An attacker can exploit this to read, tamper with, or delete monitoring data and configurations, and inject arbitrary data into the service, potentially disrupting tenant operations.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 14:58 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53261 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53262 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53263 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60520 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
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| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2499637 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
4 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 |
Unaffected:
1785187119 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 |
Unaffected:
1785187521 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1784993206 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 |
Unaffected:
1786614608 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9 |
Date Public
2026-08-10 18:45
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CVE-2026-15576 (GCVE-0-2026-15576)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-21 11:10 – Updated: 2026-08-21 11:53
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Agent receiver accepts mTLS requests without a client certificate
Summary
Improper authentication in the agent receiver of Checkmk <2.5.0p10 allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to bypass mutual TLS client certificate verification of relay endpoints by supplying a fixed placeholder identity in the request URL, resulting in limited impact on integrity and availability. Only the Cloud, Ultimate and Ultimate MT editions are affected, as other editions do not expose relay endpoints.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 11:53 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://checkmk.com/werk/20174 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Checkmk GmbH | Checkmk |
Affected:
2.5.0 , < 2.5.0p10
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:checkmk:checkmk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15563 (GCVE-0-2026-15563)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 08:49 – Updated: 2026-09-04 08:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Wildfly-iiop-openjdk: missing authentication on eap's iiop nameservice leads to mitm or dos
Summary
A flaw was found in EAP's IIOP. The listener's NameService would accept bind operations without authentication, allowing an attacker to hijack JNDI lookups and binding them to a malicious ORB, achieving MITM or DoS on further invocations.
Severity
7.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 16:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53644 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53806 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-15563 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2483138 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
17 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4.25 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.4::el7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.16.0-22.redhat_00057.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.3.14-11.SP11_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:1.5.26-2.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.18.8-1.redhat_00003.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:5.0.31-3.SP2_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:1.10.0-46.Final_redhat_00044.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:4.1.135-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.5.5-30.SP12_redhat_00020.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.5.5-24.SP12_redhat_00016.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:2.2.40-2.SP3_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.4 ELS on RHEL 7 |
Unaffected:
0:7.4.25-2.GA_redhat_00001.1.el7eap , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform_els:7.4::el7 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Fuse 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_fuse:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 8 |
cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Expansion Pack |
cpe:/a:redhat:jbosseapxp
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 |
cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
|
Date Public
2026-08-11 05:54
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CVE-2026-15491 (GCVE-0-2026-15491)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-12 09:45 – Updated: 2026-07-14 14:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
RafyMrX TOKO-ONLINE-ROTI missing authentication
Summary
A weakness has been identified in RafyMrX TOKO-ONLINE-ROTI up to ddfe1cd587be0a0b5135d8b6e85cce2ec3aece99. This affects an unknown part. This manipulation causes missing authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery. Therefore, version details for affected or updated releases cannot be specified. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-14 14:40 UTC
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377798 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377798/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15491 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/844137 | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| RafyMrX | TOKO-ONLINE-ROTI |
Affected:
ddfe1cd587be0a0b5135d8b6e85cce2ec3aece99
cpe:2.3:a:rafymrx:toko-online-roti:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15416 (GCVE-0-2026-15416)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-14 08:56 – Updated: 2026-08-11 00:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Argo-cd: argo cd unauthenticated remote code execution in repo-server via generatemanifest grpc endpoint
Summary
A flaw was identified in Argo CD, the GitOps engine used by Red Hat OpenShift GitOps, that could allow an unauthenticated attacker with network access to the Argo CD repo-server to achieve remote code execution. Under certain conditions, the attacker may then manipulate cached data to deploy malicious Kubernetes resources to managed clusters, potentially resulting in complete cluster compromise.
Severity
8.9 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-15 14:39 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
7 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:52857 | vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-15416 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2496732 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://github.com/argoproj/argo-helm/commit/0f245ab | |
| https://github.com/argoproj/argo-helm/security/ad… | |
| https://thehackernews.com/2026/07/unpatched-argo-… | |
| https://www.synacktiv.com/en/publications/caught-… |
Impacted products
5 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| argoproj | argo-helm |
Affected:
0 , < 10.0.0
(semver)
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift GitOps 1.19 |
Unaffected:
1785149260 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1.19::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift GitOps 1.19 |
Unaffected:
1785171339 , < *
(rpm)
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1.19::el8 |
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Openshift Data Foundation 4 |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_data_foundation:4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift GitOps |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_gitops:1
|
Date Public
2026-07-01 00:00
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CVE-2026-15192 (GCVE-0-2026-15192)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 16:30 – Updated: 2026-07-09 18:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mettle sendportal APIv1 Webhooks mailjet missing authentication
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in mettle sendportal up to 3.0.1. This issue affects the function sendgrid/postmark/postal/mailjet of the component APIv1 Webhooks. The manipulation leads to missing authentication. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-09 17:53 UTC
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377118 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377118/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15192 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/851624 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/mettle/sendportal/issues/340 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/mettle/sendportal/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mettle | sendportal |
Affected:
3.0.0
Affected: 3.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:mettle:sendportal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-15063 (GCVE-0-2026-15063)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 14:58 – Updated: 2026-08-31 14:11
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Trustyai-service-operator: trustyai service operator: gorch port bypass when auth is enabled
Summary
A flaw was found in the gorch service template, which is part of the trustyai-service-operator. Even when authentication is enabled, the gorch service exposes unproxied orchestrator and detector metrics ports. This allows any pod on the cluster network to directly access these ports, bypassing the kube-rbac-proxy and its authentication mechanisms. This could lead to unauthorized access to the orchestrator and detector metrics.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-08 15:56 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-15063 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2498058 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| trustyai-explainability | trustyai-service-operator |
Affected:
0 , < *
(semver)
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat OpenShift AI (RHOAI) |
cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai
|
Date Public
2026-07-08 00:00
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CVE-2026-14976 (GCVE-0-2026-14976)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-28 20:29 – Updated: 2026-07-30 14:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty is affected by a remote code execution and path-segment injection vulnerability
Summary
IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.8 is affected by remote code execution with the collectiveController-1.0 feature enabled.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7281633 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | WebSphere Application Server - Liberty |
Affected:
17.0.0.3 , ≤ 26.0.0.8
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server_liberty:17.0.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere_application_server_liberty:26.0.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation
System Configuration
Operation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.