Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-294
AllowedAuthentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
A capture-replay flaw exists when the design of the product makes it possible for a malicious user to sniff network traffic and bypass authentication by replaying it to the server in question to the same effect as the original message (or with minor changes).
342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-28564 (GCVE-0-2026-28564)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 07:08 – Updated: 2026-07-10 15:02
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache IoTDB: REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials
Summary
Insufficient Session Expiration, Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay vulnerability in Apache IoTDB.
REST Basic Authentication Accepts Stale Cached Credentials
This issue affects Apache IoTDB: from 1.0.0 before 2.0.10.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 2.0.10, which fixes the issue.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache IoTDB |
Affected:
1.0.0 , < 2.0.10
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-28449 (GCVE-0-2026-28449)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-19 01:00 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.2.25 - Webhook Replay Attack via Missing Durable Replay Suppression
Summary
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.25 lack durable replay state for Nextcloud Talk webhook events, allowing valid signed webhook requests to be replayed without suppression. Attackers can capture and replay previously valid signed webhook requests to trigger duplicate inbound message processing and cause integrity or availability issues.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/adv… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/d5121… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-web… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-02-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-27855 (GCVE-0-2026-27855)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-27 08:10 – Updated: 2026-03-27 19:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Dovecot OTP authentication is vulnerable to replay attack under specific conditions. If auth cache is enabled, and username is altered in passdb, then OTP credentials can be cached so that same OTP reply is valid. An attacker able to observe an OTP exchange is able to log in as the user. If authentication happens over unsecure connection, switch to SCRAM protocol. Alternatively ensure the communcations are secured, and if possible switch to OAUTH2 or SCRAM. No publicly available exploits are known.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://documentation.open-xchange.com/dovecot/se… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Open-Xchange GmbH | OX Dovecot Pro |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 2.3.0
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-26232 (GCVE-0-2026-26232)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 20:19 – Updated: 2026-07-07 16:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gitea OAuth2 authorization codes lack expiry and reuse enforcement
Summary
Gitea versions before 1.25.5 do not consistently enforce OAuth2 authorization code expiry and single-use behavior during token exchange.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-294 - Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36797 | patch |
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/36851 | patch |
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5 | release-notes |
| https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.25.5/ | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gitea | Gitea Open Source Git Server |
Affected:
0 , < 1.25.5
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-20779 (GCVE-0-2026-20779)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-03 20:19 – Updated: 2026-07-07 17:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gitea TOTP single-use enforcement defect allows OTP replay
Summary
Gitea versions from 1.5.0 before 1.26.3 have a TOTP single-use enforcement defect that allows a valid TOTP code to be accepted more than once across web two-factor authentication flows and the Basic Auth X-Gitea-OTP path.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/security/adviso… | vendor-advisory |
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/38151 | patch |
| https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.26.3 | release-notes |
| https://blog.gitea.com/release-of-1.26.3-and-1.26.4/ | release-notes |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gitea | Gitea Open Source Git Server |
Affected:
1.5.0 , < 1.26.3
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-9398 (GCVE-0-2026-9398)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-24 20:45 – Updated: 2026-05-29 18:17
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Besen BS20 EV Charging Station BLE/WiFi authentication replay
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in Besen BS20 EV Charging Station up to 20260426. This affects an unknown part of the component BLE/WiFi. Such manipulation leads to authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must be carried out from within the local network. Attacks of this nature are highly complex. It is indicated that the exploitability is difficult. The original disclosure mentions, that "[t]hese vulnerabilities have been reported to Besen and we have received their acknowlegement that they are reviewing this as of April 2026."
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/365379 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/365379/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/813577 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/carfeii/besen#finding-5-unauth… | related |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Besen | BS20 EV Charging Station |
Affected:
20260426
cpe:2.3:a:besen:bs20_ev_charging_station:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-4583 (GCVE-0-2026-4583)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-23 10:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 14:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Shenzhen HCC Technology MPOS M6 PLUS Bluetooth authentication replay
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Shenzhen HCC Technology MPOS M6 PLUS 1V.31-N. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the component Bluetooth Handler. Performing a manipulation results in authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must originate from the local network. The attack is considered to have high complexity. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.352420 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.352420 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.775434 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/Davim09/m6plusexploit/blob/mai… | exploit |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shenzhen HCC Technology | MPOS M6 PLUS |
Affected:
1V.31-N
|
Credits
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CVE-2026-2540 (GCVE-0-2026-2540)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-15 11:03 – Updated: 2026-02-17 17:06
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Micca KE700 Acceptance of previously used rolling codes
Summary
The Micca KE700 system contains flawed resynchronization logic and is vulnerable to replay attacks. This attack requires sending two previously captured codes in a specific sequence. As a result, the system can be forced to accept previously used (stale) rolling codes and execute a command. Successful exploitation allows an attacker to clone the alarm key. This grants the attacker unauthorized access to the vehicle to unlock or lock the doors.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://asrg.io/security-advisories/cve-2026-2540/ | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Micca Auto Electronics Co., Ltd. | Car Alarm System KE700 |
Affected:
KE700
Unknown: KE700+ |
Credits
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CVE-2026-1743 (GCVE-0-2026-1743)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-02 04:02 – Updated: 2026-02-23 09:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
DJI Mavic Mini/Air/Spark/Mini SE Enhanced Wi-Fi Pairing authentication replay
Summary
A vulnerability has been found in DJI Mavic Mini, Air, Spark and Mini SE up to 01.00.0500. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the component Enhanced Wi-Fi Pairing. The manipulation leads to authentication bypass by capture-replay. The attack must be carried out from within the local network. A high degree of complexity is needed for the attack. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/?id.343674 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.343674 | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/?submit.741323 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/ByteMe1001/DJI-CatNect | related |
| https://github.com/ByteMe1001/DJI-CatNect/blob/ma… | exploit |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2025-69197 (GCVE-0-2025-69197)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-06 00:44 – Updated: 2026-01-06 19:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Pterodactyl TOTPs can be reused during validity window
Summary
Pterodactyl is a free, open-source game server management panel. Versions 1.11.11 and below allow TOTP to be used multiple times during its validity window. Users with 2FA enabled are prompted to enter a token during sign-in, and afterward it is not sufficiently marked as used in the system. This allows an attacker who intercepts that token to use it in addition to a known username/password during the 60-second token validity window. The attacker must have intercepted a valid 2FA token (for example, during a screen share). This issue is fixed in version 1.12.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/commit/032bf… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/pterodactyl/panel/releases/tag… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| pterodactyl | panel |
Affected:
< 1.12.0
|
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Utilize some sequence or time stamping functionality along with a checksum which takes this into account in order to ensure that messages can be parsed only once.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Since any attacker who can listen to traffic can see sequence numbers, it is necessary to sign messages with some kind of cryptography to ensure that sequence numbers are not simply doctored along with content.
CAPEC-102: Session Sidejacking
Session sidejacking takes advantage of an unencrypted communication channel between a victim and target system. The attacker sniffs traffic on a network looking for session tokens in unencrypted traffic. Once a session token is captured, the attacker performs malicious actions by using the stolen token with the targeted application to impersonate the victim. This attack is a specific method of session hijacking, which is exploiting a valid session token to gain unauthorized access to a target system or information. Other methods to perform a session hijacking are session fixation, cross-site scripting, or compromising a user or server machine and stealing the session token.
CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting
Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.
CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.
CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials
An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-644: Use of Captured Hashes (Pass The Hash)
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows domain credential hash values to access systems within the domain that leverage the Lan Man (LM) and/or NT Lan Man (NTLM) authentication protocols.
CAPEC-645: Use of Captured Tickets (Pass The Ticket)
An adversary uses stolen Kerberos tickets to access systems/resources that leverage the Kerberos authentication protocol. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. An adversary can obtain any one of these tickets (e.g. Service Ticket, Ticket Granting Ticket, Silver Ticket, or Golden Ticket) to authenticate to a system/resource without needing the account's credentials. Depending on the ticket obtained, the adversary may be able to access a particular resource or generate TGTs for any account within an Active Directory Domain.
CAPEC-652: Use of Known Kerberos Credentials
An adversary obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Kerberos credentials (e.g. Kerberos service account userID/password or Kerberos Tickets) with the goal of achieving authenticated access to additional systems, applications, or services within the domain.
CAPEC-701: Browser in the Middle (BiTM)
An adversary exploits the inherent functionalities of a web browser, in order to establish an unnoticed remote desktop connection in the victim's browser to the adversary's system. The adversary must deploy a web client with a remote desktop session that the victim can access.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.