Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-285
DiscouragedImproper Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-15318 (GCVE-0-2026-15318)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 01:30 – Updated: 2026-07-10 20:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Sipeed PicoClaw MQTT Channel mqtt.go authorization
Summary
A weakness has been identified in Sipeed PicoClaw up to 0.2.9. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file pkg/channels/mqtt/mqtt.go of the component MQTT Channel Handler. This manipulation of the argument client_id causes incorrect authorization. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The reported GitHub issue was closed automatically due to inactivity.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377258 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377258/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15318 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/852879 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/issues/3068 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/sipeed/picoclaw/ | product |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-15191 (GCVE-0-2026-15191)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 16:00 – Updated: 2026-07-14 00:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mettle sendportal Campaign Creation Endpoint CampaignStoreRequest.php authorization
Summary
A flaw has been found in mettle sendportal up to 3.0.1. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file vendor/mettle/sendportal-core/src/Http/Requests/CampaignStoreRequest.php of the component Campaign Creation Endpoint. Executing a manipulation can lead to authorization bypass. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377117 | vdb-entry |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/377117/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15191 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/851622 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/mettle/sendportal/issues/339 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/mettle/sendportal/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mettle | sendportal |
Affected:
3.0.0
Affected: 3.0.1 cpe:2.3:a:mettle:sendportal:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
Credits
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CVE-2026-15036 (GCVE-0-2026-15036)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 14:30 – Updated: 2026-07-08 15:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Harness gitspaces Endpoint list_all.go getAuthorizedSpaces authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was determined in Harness up to 2.28.2. This vulnerability affects the function getAuthorizedSpaces of the file app/api/controller/gitspace/list_all.go of the component gitspaces Endpoint. Executing a manipulation can lead to authorization bypass. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376787 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376787/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15036 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/851013 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/harness/harness/issues/3689 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/harness/harness/ | product |
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-14794 (GCVE-0-2026-14794)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 03:45 – Updated: 2026-07-06 13:05 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Craft CMS Charts Endpoint ChartsController.php actionGetNewUsersData improper authorization
Summary
A flaw has been found in Craft CMS up to 4.18.0.1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function actionGetNewUsersData of the file src/controllers/ChartsController.php of the component Charts Endpoint. This manipulation of the argument userGroupId causes improper authorization. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. Upgrading to version 4.18.1 addresses this issue. Patch name: 9ee53efc1314e6aba32771c66a13e072a246f4ce. It is suggested to upgrade the affected component.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376388 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
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| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/9ee53efc13… | patch |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/4.18.1 | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-14793 (GCVE-0-2026-14793)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 03:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:49 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Craft CMS reorder-sets Endpoint GlobalsController.php actionReorderSets authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in Craft CMS up to 4.18.0.1. Affected is the function actionReorderSets of the file src/controllers/GlobalsController.php of the component reorder-sets Endpoint. The manipulation results in authorization bypass. The attack can be executed remotely. Upgrading to version 4.18.1 is able to address this issue. The patch is identified as 9bd05c91e6a7e6da5e949ec41a31c220c059aa04. The affected component should be upgraded.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376387 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376387/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14793 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/850792 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/9bd05c91e6… | patch |
| https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/4.18.1 | patch |
Impacted products
Credits
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CVE-2026-14778 (GCVE-0-2026-14778)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-05 23:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 13:15 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Onlne Examination & Learning Management System Enrollment Management ajax_enroll.php improper authorization
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Onlne Examination & Learning Management System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /ajax_enroll.php of the component Enrollment Management. The manipulation of the argument student_id/schedule_id/action leads to improper authorization. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The name of the affected product appears to have a typo in it.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376368 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376368/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14778 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/850695 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/nuiifornet/A033/blob/main/OE-L… | exploit |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Onlne Examination & Learning Management System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:onlne_examination_learning_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-14753 (GCVE-0-2026-14753)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-05 13:45 – Updated: 2026-07-06 13:26
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
mjperpinosa stumasy Note Handler/Assignment notes authorization
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in mjperpinosa stumasy up to 327d1b0f2915ba79d7ef8ebb74553e987609d9be. This impacts an unknown function of the file /PHP/objects/notes of the component Note Handler/Assignment Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument assignment_item_id results in authorization bypass. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376342 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376342/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14753 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/849496 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/mjperpinosa/stumasy/issues/9 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/mjperpinosa/stumasy/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| mjperpinosa | stumasy |
Affected:
327d1b0f2915ba79d7ef8ebb74553e987609d9be
cpe:2.3:a:mjperpinosa:stumasy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-14716 (GCVE-0-2026-14716)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-05 05:45 – Updated: 2026-07-07 02:43
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nextlevelbuilder GoClaw WebSocket RPC router.go MethodRouter.Handle authorization
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected in nextlevelbuilder GoClaw up to 3.13.0-beta.2. Impacted is the function MethodRouter.Handle of the file internal/gateway/router.go of the component WebSocket RPC Handler. Such manipulation leads to incorrect authorization. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376305 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376305/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14716 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/847501 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/nextlevelbuilder/goclaw/issues/1188 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/nextlevelbuilder/goclaw/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nextlevelbuilder | GoClaw |
Affected:
3.13.0-beta.0
Affected: 3.13.0-beta.1 Affected: 3.13.0-beta.2 cpe:2.3:a:nextlevelbuilder:goclaw:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-14693 (GCVE-0-2026-14693)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-05 02:15 – Updated: 2026-07-06 18:37 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System Master.php cancel_order improper authorization
Summary
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function cancel_order of the file classes/Master.php. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper authorization. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been published and may be used.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376289 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376289/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14693 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/846833 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/lee945/cve/issues/4 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:multi-vendor_online_grocery_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-14690 (GCVE-0-2026-14690)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-05 01:30 – Updated: 2026-07-06 16:50 X_Freeware
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System Users.php save_users improper authorization
Summary
A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System 1.0. This affects the function save_users of the file classes/Users.php. This manipulation causes improper authorization. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376286 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/376286/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14690 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/846830 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/lee945/cve/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://www.sourcecodester.com/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SourceCodester | Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System |
Affected:
1.0
cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:multi-vendor_online_grocery_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-285",
"description": "Improper Authorization",
"lang": "en",
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},
{
"descriptions": [
{
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"description": "Incorrect Privilege Assignment",
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],
"providerMetadata": {
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"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
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"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-376286 | SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System Users.php save_users improper authorization",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/376286"
},
{
"name": "VDB-376286 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, TTP, IOA)",
"tags": [
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],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/376286/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-14690 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
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],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-14690"
},
{
"name": "Submit #846830 | SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System 1.0 Improper Authorization",
"tags": [
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"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/846830"
},
{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://github.com/lee945/cve/issues/1"
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{
"tags": [
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"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com/"
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"tags": [
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"timeline": [
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"time": "2026-07-04T00:00:00.000Z",
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"time": "2026-07-04T02:00:00.000Z",
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{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-07-04T07:04:12.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
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"title": "SourceCodester Multi-Vendor Online Grocery Management System Users.php save_users improper authorization"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
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"datePublished": "2026-07-05T01:30:09.372Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-04T04:58:52.574Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T16:50:53.507Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
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"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Ensure that you perform access control checks related to your business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that you apply to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor.
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Installation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-13: Subverting Environment Variable Values
The adversary directly or indirectly modifies environment variables used by or controlling the target software. The adversary's goal is to cause the target software to deviate from its expected operation in a manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-39: Manipulating Opaque Client-based Data Tokens
In circumstances where an application holds important data client-side in tokens (cookies, URLs, data files, and so forth) that data can be manipulated. If client or server-side application components reinterpret that data as authentication tokens or data (such as store item pricing or wallet information) then even opaquely manipulating that data may bear fruit for an Attacker. In this pattern an attacker undermines the assumption that client side tokens have been adequately protected from tampering through use of encryption or obfuscation.
CAPEC-402: Bypassing ATA Password Security
An adversary exploits a weakness in ATA security on a drive to gain access to the information the drive contains without supplying the proper credentials. ATA Security is often employed to protect hard disk information from unauthorized access. The mechanism requires the user to type in a password before the BIOS is allowed access to drive contents. Some implementations of ATA security will accept the ATA command to update the password without the user having authenticated with the BIOS. This occurs because the security mechanism assumes the user has first authenticated via the BIOS prior to sending commands to the drive. Various methods exist for exploiting this flaw, the most common being installing the ATA protected drive into a system lacking ATA security features (a.k.a. hot swapping). Once the drive is installed into the new system the BIOS can be used to reset the drive password.
CAPEC-45: Buffer Overflow via Symbolic Links
This type of attack leverages the use of symbolic links to cause buffer overflows. An adversary can try to create or manipulate a symbolic link file such that its contents result in out of bounds data. When the target software processes the symbolic link file, it could potentially overflow internal buffers with insufficient bounds checking.
CAPEC-5: Blue Boxing
This type of attack against older telephone switches and trunks has been around for decades. A tone is sent by an adversary to impersonate a supervisor signal which has the effect of rerouting or usurping command of the line. While the US infrastructure proper may not contain widespread vulnerabilities to this type of attack, many companies are connected globally through call centers and business process outsourcing. These international systems may be operated in countries which have not upgraded Telco infrastructure and so are vulnerable to Blue boxing. Blue boxing is a result of failure on the part of the system to enforce strong authorization for administrative functions. While the infrastructure is different than standard current applications like web applications, there are historical lessons to be learned to upgrade the access control for administrative functions.
{'xhtml:b': 'This attack pattern is included in CAPEC for historical purposes.'}
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-647: Collect Data from Registries
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization to gather system-specific data and sensitive information within a registry (e.g., Windows Registry, Mac plist). These contain information about the system configuration, software, operating system, and security. The adversary can leverage information gathered in order to carry out further attacks.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.