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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

824 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-68142 (GCVE-0-2025-68142)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-16 18:06 – Updated: 2025-12-17 18:51
VLAI
Title
PyMdown Extensions has ReDOS bug in Figure Capture extension
Summary
PyMdown Extensions is a set of extensions for the `Python-Markdown` markdown project. Versions prior to 10.16.1 have a ReDOS bug found within the figure caption extension (`pymdownx.blocks.caption`). In systems that take unchecked user content, this could cause long hanges when processing the data if a malicious payload was crafted. This issue is patched in Release 10.16.1. As a workaround, those who process unknown user content without timeouts or other safeguards in place to prevent really large, malicious content being aimed at systems may avoid the use of `pymdownx.blocks.caption` until they're able to upgrade.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-17 14:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-66020 (GCVE-0-2025-66020)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-26 01:49 – Updated: 2025-11-26 14:16
VLAI
Title
Valibot has a ReDoS vulnerability in `EMOJI_REGEX`
Summary
Valibot helps validate data using a schema. In versions from 0.31.0 to 1.1.0, the EMOJI_REGEX used in the emoji action is vulnerable to a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) attack. A short, maliciously crafted string (e.g., <100 characters) can cause the regex engine to consume excessive CPU time (minutes), leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) for the application. This issue has been patched in version 1.2.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-26 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-circle valibot Affected: >= 0.31.0, < 1.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-62484 (GCVE-0-2025-62484)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-13 15:07 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Title
Zoom Workplace Clients - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Summary
Inefficient regular expression complexity in certain Zoom Workplace Clients before version 6.5.10 may allow an unauthenticated user to conduct an escalation of privilege via network access.
Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-14 04:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Zoom Communications Inc. Zoom Workplace Affected: 0 , < 6.5.10 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-11-11 13:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-61921 (GCVE-0-2025-61921)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-10 19:28 – Updated: 2025-10-10 20:54
VLAI
Title
Sinatra has ReDoS vulnerability in ETag header value generation
Summary
Sinatra is a domain-specific language for creating web applications in Ruby. In versions prior to 4.2.0, there is a denial of service vulnerability in the `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing component of Sinatra, if the `etag` method is used when constructing the response. Carefully crafted input can cause `If-Match` and `If-None-Match` header parsing in Sinatra to take an unexpected amount of time, possibly resulting in a denial of service attack vector. This header is typically involved in generating the `ETag` header value. Any applications that use the `etag` method when generating a response are impacted. Version 4.2.0 fixes the issue.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-10 20:54 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sinatra sinatra Affected: < 4.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-61581 (GCVE-0-2025-61581)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-16 08:40 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:13 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
Title
Apache Traffic Control: ReDoS issue in Traffic Router configuration
Summary
** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity vulnerability in Apache Traffic Control. This issue affects Apache Traffic Control: all versions. People with access to the management interface of the Traffic Router component could specify malicious patterns and cause unavailability. As this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-10-17 13:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Chris Lemmons
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-58451 (GCVE-0-2025-58451)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-08 22:07 – Updated: 2025-09-09 13:30
VLAI
Title
Cattown Vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity and Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Summary
Cattown is a JavaScript markdown parser. Versions prior to 1.0.2 used regular expressions with inefficient, potentially exponential worst-case complexity. This could cause excessive CPU usage due to excessive backtracking on crafted inputs. In turn, the excessive CPU usage could lead to resource exhaustion, where processing malicious inputs could cause high CPU or memory usage, potentially leading to denial of service. Version 1.0.2 contains a patch. Additionally, users should review and restrict input sources if untrusted inputs are processed.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-09-09 13:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IEatUranium238 Cattown Affected: < 1.0.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-55152 (GCVE-0-2025-55152)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-09 01:29 – Updated: 2025-08-11 13:33
VLAI
Title
oak: ReDoS in x-forwarded-proto and x-forwarded-for headers
Summary
oak is a middleware framework for Deno's native HTTP server, Deno Deploy, Node.js 16.5 and later, Cloudflare Workers and Bun. In versions 17.1.5 and below, it's possible to significantly slow down an oak server with specially crafted values of the x-forwarded-proto or x-forwarded-for headers.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-11 13:33 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
oakserver oak Affected: < 17.1.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-54796 (GCVE-0-2025-54796)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-01 23:38 – Updated: 2025-08-04 15:19
VLAI
Title
Copyparty is vulnerable to Regex Denial of Service (ReDoS) attacks through "Recent Uploads" page
Summary
Copyparty is a portable file server. Versions prior to 1.18.9, the filter parameter for the "Recent Uploads" page allows arbitrary RegExes. If this feature is enabled (which is the default), an attacker can craft a filter which deadlocks the server. This is fixed in version 1.18.9.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-04 15:19 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  • CWE-833 - Deadlock
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
9001 copyparty Affected: < 1.18.9
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-54364 (GCVE-0-2025-54364)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-26 13:42
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Knack 0.12.0 allows Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the knack.introspection module. option_descriptions employs an inefficient regular expression pattern: "\s(:param)\s+(.+?)\s:(.*)" that is susceptible to catastrophic backtracking when processing crafted docstrings containing a large volume of whitespace without a terminating colon. An attacker who can control or inject docstring content into affected applications can trigger excessive CPU consumption. This software is used by Azure CLI.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-26 13:42 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Knack Affected: 0.12.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-54363 (GCVE-0-2025-54363)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-20 00:00 – Updated: 2025-08-21 15:37
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Knack 0.12.0 allows Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the knack.introspection module. extract_full_summary_from_signature employs an inefficient regular expression pattern: "\s(:param)\s+(.+?)\s:(.*)" that is susceptible to catastrophic backtracking when processing crafted docstrings containing a large volume of whitespace without a terminating colon. An attacker who can control or inject docstring content into affected applications can trigger excessive CPU consumption. This software is used by Azure CLI.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-08-20 13:37 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Knack Affected: 0.12.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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