Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1333
AllowedInefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.
747 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-62237 (GCVE-0-2026-62237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 00:07 – Updated: 2026-07-21 01:22 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Grav < 2.0.4 ReDoS via regex_replace in Sandbox
Summary
Grav before 2.0.4 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the regex_replace filter and function, which are allowlisted in the Twig content sandbox. When Twig processing in page content is enabled (security.twig_content.process_enabled: true, disabled by default), an authenticated page editor can supply a catastrophically backtracking PCRE pattern that is passed directly to PHP's preg_replace(), causing unbounded CPU consumption and denial of service to the web server process.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisori… | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-redos-v… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-29 00:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-62237",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-21T01:22:23.036235Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-21T01:22:52.319Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-37f3-6p89-6qr9"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "grav",
"repo": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav",
"vendor": "getgrav",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.0.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "2.0.4",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:getgrav:grav:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.0.4",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "gemstone-source"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "drpr0grammer"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-06-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Grav before 2.0.4 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the regex_replace filter and function, which are allowlisted in the Twig content sandbox. When Twig processing in page content is enabled (security.twig_content.process_enabled: true, disabled by default), an authenticated page editor can supply a catastrophically backtracking PCRE pattern that is passed directly to PHP\u0027s preg_replace(), causing unbounded CPU consumption and denial of service to the web server process."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 6,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-17T00:07:11.756Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-37f3-6p89-6qr9)",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://github.com/getgrav/grav/security/advisories/GHSA-37f3-6p89-6qr9"
},
{
"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Grav \u003c 2.0.4 ReDoS via regex_replace in Sandbox",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/grav-redos-via-regex-replace-in-sandbox"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "Grav \u003c 2.0.4 ReDoS via regex_replace in Sandbox",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-62237",
"datePublished": "2026-07-17T00:07:11.756Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-13T16:41:09.007Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-21T01:22:52.319Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-60075 (GCVE-0-2026-60075)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 13:42 – Updated: 2026-07-31 17:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Date::Manip versions through 6.99 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via quadratic backtracking in the unanchored time substitution in _parse_time
Summary
Date::Manip versions through 6.99 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via quadratic backtracking in the unanchored time substitution in _parse_time.
_parse_time removes a time from anywhere in the string with the unanchored substitution `s/$timerx/ /`, where $timerx is an auto-generated alternation of time patterns reached through a leading `(?:$atrx|^|\s+)`. The engine therefore retries the match at every position of an interior whitespace run: at each start position the leading `\s+` consumes the rest of the run greedily, the time alternation fails because the run holds no digits, and the engine backtracks a space at a time across the run before advancing the start position, which is quadratic in the length of the run. No time need be present in the string for this to happen, only a long run of whitespace, and the parse time rises about fourfold for each doubling of the run: a few kilobytes of whitespace costs seconds of CPU per parse and tens of kilobytes costs minutes.
Any caller that passes an untrusted string of unbounded length to ParseDate(), Date::Manip::Date->parse() or ->parse_time() can be made to spend unbounded CPU in a single parse, a denial of service.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SBECK | Date::Manip |
Affected:
0 , ≤ 6.99
(custom)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T16:31:42.201Z",
"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108",
"shortName": "CVE"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/30/20"
}
],
"title": "CVE Program Container"
},
{
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-60075",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-31T17:55:49.530428Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T17:56:04.469Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://cpan.org/modules",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "Date-Manip",
"product": "Date::Manip",
"programFiles": [
"lib/Date/Manip/Date.pm"
],
"programRoutines": [
{
"name": "Date::Manip::Date::_parse_time"
},
{
"name": "Date::Manip::Date::_other_rx"
},
{
"name": "Date::Manip::Date::parse"
},
{
"name": "Date::Manip::Date::parse_time"
},
{
"name": "Date::Manip::DM6::ParseDate"
}
],
"repo": "https://github.com/SBECK-github/Date-Manip",
"vendor": "SBECK",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.99",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Date::Manip versions through 6.99 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via quadratic backtracking in the unanchored time substitution in _parse_time.\n\n_parse_time removes a time from anywhere in the string with the unanchored substitution `s/$timerx/ /`, where $timerx is an auto-generated alternation of time patterns reached through a leading `(?:$atrx|^|\\s+)`. The engine therefore retries the match at every position of an interior whitespace run: at each start position the leading `\\s+` consumes the rest of the run greedily, the time alternation fails because the run holds no digits, and the engine backtracks a space at a time across the run before advancing the start position, which is quadratic in the length of the run. No time need be present in the string for this to happen, only a long run of whitespace, and the parse time rises about fourfold for each doubling of the run: a few kilobytes of whitespace costs seconds of CPU per parse and tens of kilobytes costs minutes.\n\nAny caller that passes an untrusted string of unbounded length to ParseDate(), Date::Manip::Date-\u003eparse() or -\u003eparse_time() can be made to spend unbounded CPU in a single parse, a denial of service."
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333 Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-30T13:42:17.896Z",
"orgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
"shortName": "CPANSec"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://security.metacpan.org/patches/D/Date-Manip/6.99/CVE-2026-60075-r1.patch"
},
{
"url": "https://metacpan.org/release/SBECK/Date-Manip-6.99/source/lib/Date/Manip/Date.pm#L1811"
},
{
"url": "https://metacpan.org/release/SBECK/Date-Manip-6.99/source/lib/Date/Manip/Date.pm#L1526"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Date::Manip versions through 6.99 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via quadratic backtracking in the unanchored time substitution in _parse_time",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "No fixed release is available. Apply the patch, which rejects a string longer than 256 characters at the parse entries, or cap the length of untrusted input before parsing it; legitimate date strings are well under 100 characters."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cpansec-cna-tool 0.1"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "9b29abf9-4ab0-4765-b253-1875cd9b441e",
"assignerShortName": "CPANSec",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-60075",
"datePublished": "2026-07-30T13:42:17.896Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-08T10:28:02.310Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-31T17:56:04.469Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-59928 (GCVE-0-2026-59928)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:23 – Updated: 2026-07-08 19:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mistune block_parser: quadratic-time parsing on long lists of repeated reference-link definitions
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, a Markdown document containing many repeated or distinct reference-link definitions causes quadratic work in src/mistune/block_parser.py and the ref_links environment dictionary handling, allowing denial of service through CPU exhaustion. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/2b04d7b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-59928",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-08T17:46:13.539153Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T19:40:43.968Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-ffq3-xpv3-j92q"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "mistune",
"vendor": "lepture",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.3.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, a Markdown document containing many repeated or distinct reference-link definitions causes quadratic work in src/mistune/block_parser.py and the ref_links environment dictionary handling, allowing denial of service through CPU exhaustion. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T16:23:21.000Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-ffq3-xpv3-j92q",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-ffq3-xpv3-j92q"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/2b04d7ba341c16ac78fe82d3076bdd5c3de87c69",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/2b04d7ba341c16ac78fe82d3076bdd5c3de87c69"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-ffq3-xpv3-j92q",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Mistune block_parser: quadratic-time parsing on long lists of repeated reference-link definitions"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-59928",
"datePublished": "2026-07-08T16:23:21.000Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-07T18:20:06.126Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T19:40:43.968Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-59925 (GCVE-0-2026-59925)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:18 – Updated: 2026-07-08 19:44
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
inline_parser: quadratic-time parsing on long runs of `**x**` and `***x***` emphasis pairs
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, long sequences of well-formed double-asterisk or triple-asterisk emphasis pairs around a character cause quadratic work in src/mistune/inline_parser.py because the parser scans forward for matching close markers from every potential opening run, allowing denial of service in default Mistune parsing. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/5de41fb… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-59925",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-08T19:44:41.353822Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T19:44:48.084Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "mistune",
"vendor": "lepture",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.3.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, long sequences of well-formed double-asterisk or triple-asterisk emphasis pairs around a character cause quadratic work in src/mistune/inline_parser.py because the parser scans forward for matching close markers from every potential opening run, allowing denial of service in default Mistune parsing. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T16:18:43.786Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-4j32-57v6-6g45",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-4j32-57v6-6g45"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/5de41fb8e527004dbc363e047a3c380c9288c74f",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/5de41fb8e527004dbc363e047a3c380c9288c74f"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-4j32-57v6-6g45",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "inline_parser: quadratic-time parsing on long runs of `**x**` and `***x***` emphasis pairs"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-59925",
"datePublished": "2026-07-08T16:18:43.786Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-07T18:20:06.126Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T19:44:48.084Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-59922 (GCVE-0-2026-59922)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 16:12 – Updated: 2026-07-09 14:40
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Mistune plugins/formatting: quadratic-time parsing on long runs of `~~x~~`, `==x==`, and `^^x^^` markers (strikethrough / mark / insert)
Summary
Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, a run of closed tilde, equals-sign, or caret marker pairs around a character causes quadratic work in src/mistune/plugins/formatting.py when the strikethrough, mark, or insert plugin scans for matching markers from each possible start position, allowing denial of service through CPU exhaustion. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/96d0f57… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-59922",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-09T14:39:49.792478Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T14:40:22.315Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-c8j7-8cv4-2xmq"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "mistune",
"vendor": "lepture",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 3.3.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Mistune is a Python Markdown parser with renderers and plugins. Prior to 3.3.0, a run of closed tilde, equals-sign, or caret marker pairs around a character causes quadratic work in src/mistune/plugins/formatting.py when the strikethrough, mark, or insert plugin scans for matching markers from each possible start position, allowing denial of service through CPU exhaustion. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-407",
"description": "CWE-407: Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T16:12:00.545Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-c8j7-8cv4-2xmq",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/security/advisories/GHSA-c8j7-8cv4-2xmq"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/96d0f57f8fe9eeb06bb4cff521962a27d7c402e7",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/commit/96d0f57f8fe9eeb06bb4cff521962a27d7c402e7"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lepture/mistune/releases/tag/v3.3.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-c8j7-8cv4-2xmq",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Mistune plugins/formatting: quadratic-time parsing on long runs of `~~x~~`, `==x==`, and `^^x^^` markers (strikethrough / mark / insert)"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-59922",
"datePublished": "2026-07-08T16:12:00.545Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-07T18:20:06.125Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T14:40:22.315Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-59220 (GCVE-0-2026-59220)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-09 16:09 – Updated: 2026-07-09 18:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Open WebUI: ReDoS in skill-mention regexes causes whole-instance DoS on default config
Summary
Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.2 before 0.10.0, the SKILL_MENTION_RE and strip_re regular expressions in backend/open_webui/utils/middleware.py parsed <$skillId|label> skill mentions with overlapping quantifiers, allowing an authenticated chat message containing <$ without a closing > to trigger quadratic backtracking and block the asyncio event loop. This issue is fixed in version 0.10.0.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/releases… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| open-webui | open-webui |
Affected:
>= 0.9.2, < 0.10.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-59220",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-09T18:44:56.824119Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T18:45:06.768Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-ffpj-xv5c-p3gw"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "open-webui",
"vendor": "open-webui",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 0.9.2, \u003c 0.10.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Open WebUI is an extensible, feature-rich, and user-friendly self-hosted AI platform. From 0.9.2 before 0.10.0, the SKILL_MENTION_RE and strip_re regular expressions in backend/open_webui/utils/middleware.py parsed \u003c$skillId|label\u003e skill mentions with overlapping quantifiers, allowing an authenticated chat message containing \u003c$ without a closing \u003e to trigger quadratic backtracking and block the asyncio event loop. This issue is fixed in version 0.10.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T16:09:41.127Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-ffpj-xv5c-p3gw",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/security/advisories/GHSA-ffpj-xv5c-p3gw"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/61a26722155ec6ee1b629cf8dfcf975098c18331",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/commit/61a26722155ec6ee1b629cf8dfcf975098c18331"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/releases/tag/v0.10.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/open-webui/open-webui/releases/tag/v0.10.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-ffpj-xv5c-p3gw",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Open WebUI: ReDoS in skill-mention regexes causes whole-instance DoS on default config"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-59220",
"datePublished": "2026-07-09T16:09:41.127Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-02T21:05:02.925Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T18:45:06.768Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-58578 (GCVE-0-2026-58578)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 19:38 – Updated: 2026-07-14 22:03 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
LobeChat < 2.2.10-canary.15 - Regular Expression Denial of Service in GitHub Skill Import
Summary
LobeChat before version 2.2.10-canary.15 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to block the Node.js event loop by supplying a catastrophic-backtracking pattern in a GitHub repository URL path during skill import. Attackers can craft a malicious basePath value containing unescaped regex metacharacters such as catastrophic-backtracking patterns, which are injected into a dynamically constructed regular expression in the findSkillMd function and executed synchronously against archive entries, denying service to all concurrent users for tens of seconds per request.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/releases/tag/v… | release-notes |
| https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/issues/16494 | exploittechnical-description |
| https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/pull/16548 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/commit/349bbe3… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lobechat-can… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-07-01 00:00
Credits
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-58578",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-06T19:00:14.398675Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T17:02:37.679Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageURL": "pkg:github/lobehub/lobehub",
"product": "lobehub",
"repo": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub",
"vendor": "lobehub",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.2.10-canary.15",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:lobehub:lobehub:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2.2.10-canary.15",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "George Chen"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "LobeChat before version 2.2.10-canary.15 contains a regular expression denial of service (ReDoS) vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to block the Node.js event loop by supplying a catastrophic-backtracking pattern in a GitHub repository URL path during skill import. Attackers can craft a malicious basePath value containing unescaped regex metacharacters such as catastrophic-backtracking patterns, which are injected into a dynamically constructed regular expression in the findSkillMd function and executed synchronously against archive entries, denying service to all concurrent users for tens of seconds per request."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T22:03:18.391Z",
"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"shortName": "VulnCheck"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Release Notes",
"tags": [
"release-notes"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/releases/tag/v2.2.10-canary.15"
},
{
"name": "Researcher Disclosure",
"tags": [
"exploit",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/issues/16494"
},
{
"name": "Fix PR",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/pull/16548"
},
{
"name": "Fix Commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/lobehub/lobehub/commit/349bbe326eb8635d6d9c6a96d12702681ae3a84a"
},
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/lobechat-canary-15-regular-expression-denial-of-service-in-github-skill-import"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "LobeChat \u003c 2.2.10-canary.15 - Regular Expression Denial of Service in GitHub Skill Import",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
"assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-58578",
"datePublished": "2026-07-02T19:38:21.378Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-07-01T15:00:11.163Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-14T22:03:18.391Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-57584 (GCVE-0-2026-57584)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-10 21:04 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Phalcon: Catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS) in the default Phalcon Router route lead to remote unauthenticated DoS
Summary
Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. Prior to 5.15.0, every Phalcon MVC application built with a default router registers a built-in route whose compiled PCRE pattern contains the nested quantifier (/.), and the same construct is produced by the /:params placeholder and the CLI router. Phalcon\Mvc\Router::handle() matches this pattern against the attacker-controlled request URI on every request, so a crafted path such as one containing repeated slashes followed by decoded newlines can trigger catastrophic backtracking and cause CPU exhaustion or route-matching failure. This issue is fixed in version 5.15.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/14ba22… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/fa798e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-57584",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-13T18:04:40.467436Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-13T18:04:51.160Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/security/advisories/GHSA-x7rj-f32v-7jjg"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "cphalcon",
"vendor": "phalcon",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 5.15.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. Prior to 5.15.0, every Phalcon MVC application built with a default router registers a built-in route whose compiled PCRE pattern contains the nested quantifier (/.), and the same construct is produced by the /:params placeholder and the CLI router. Phalcon\\Mvc\\Router::handle() matches this pattern against the attacker-controlled request URI on every request, so a crafted path such as one containing repeated slashes followed by decoded newlines can trigger catastrophic backtracking and cause CPU exhaustion or route-matching failure. This issue is fixed in version 5.15.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-10T21:04:26.946Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/security/advisories/GHSA-x7rj-f32v-7jjg",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/security/advisories/GHSA-x7rj-f32v-7jjg"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/14ba22d389d5ca620bb9d5207205f836ef1224f2",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/14ba22d389d5ca620bb9d5207205f836ef1224f2"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/fa798e919cb2c487062bb9899ad6fc2b673b3a67",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/commit/fa798e919cb2c487062bb9899ad6fc2b673b3a67"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/releases/tag/v5.15.0",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/phalcon/cphalcon/releases/tag/v5.15.0"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-x7rj-f32v-7jjg",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Phalcon: Catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS) in the default Phalcon Router route lead to remote unauthenticated DoS"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-57584",
"datePublished": "2026-07-10T21:04:26.946Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T18:49:56.209Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-13T18:04:51.160Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-55574 (GCVE-0-2026-55574)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 20:05 – Updated: 2026-07-06 20:52
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex compiled without timeout in xgrammar and outlines backends
Summary
vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, the structured_outputs.regex API parameter passes a user-supplied regular expression string directly to the grammar compiler backends with no compilation timeout; in the xgrammar backend the string reaches the regex compiler with no guard, and in the outlines backend the validation step blocks structural issues such as lookarounds and backreferences but performs no complexity analysis, so a pattern with nested quantifiers passes all checks and causes exponential state-space expansion, allowing a single request containing an adversarial regex to hang an inference worker indefinitely and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 0.24.0.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/45118 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/2b300… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| vllm-project | vllm |
Affected:
< 0.24.0
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-55574",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-06T20:52:49.859777Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T20:52:57.336Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "vllm",
"vendor": "vllm-project",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 0.24.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "vLLM is a high-throughput and memory-efficient inference and serving engine for LLMs. Prior to 0.24.0, the structured_outputs.regex API parameter passes a user-supplied regular expression string directly to the grammar compiler backends with no compilation timeout; in the xgrammar backend the string reaches the regex compiler with no guard, and in the outlines backend the validation step blocks structural issues such as lookarounds and backreferences but performs no complexity analysis, so a pattern with nested quantifiers passes all checks and causes exponential state-space expansion, allowing a single request containing an adversarial regex to hang an inference worker indefinitely and deny service. This issue is fixed in version 0.24.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseScore": 8.7,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T20:05:31.003Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-rwxx-mrjm-wc2m",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-rwxx-mrjm-wc2m"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/45118",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/45118"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/2b3006076c5e9bc4cda9e03e3641388de3c5c286",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/commit/2b3006076c5e9bc4cda9e03e3641388de3c5c286"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-rwxx-mrjm-wc2m",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex compiled without timeout in xgrammar and outlines backends"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-55574",
"datePublished": "2026-07-06T20:05:31.003Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-16T23:11:20.214Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-06T20:52:57.336Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-55470 (GCVE-0-2026-55470)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 21:27 – Updated: 2026-07-09 12:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
HAPI FHIR: DSTU2 FHIRPathEngine.matches() missing RegexTimeout protection allows ReDoS
Summary
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to 6.9.10, the fix for CVE-2026-45367 incompletely patched the DSTU2 module, leaving FHIRPathEngine.matches() in org.hl7.fhir.dstu2/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java to call raw String.matches(sw) without RegexTimeout protection while replaceMatches() was updated, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to trigger catastrophic regex backtracking and exhaust server CPU. This issue is fixed in version 6.9.10.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/sec… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/com… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/rel… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| hapifhir | org.hl7.fhir.core |
Affected:
< 6.9.10
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-55470",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-09T12:58:52.590744Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T12:59:00.576Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/security/advisories/GHSA-fxj4-p9xp-37v5"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "org.hl7.fhir.core",
"vendor": "hapifhir",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 6.9.10"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to 6.9.10, the fix for CVE-2026-45367 incompletely patched the DSTU2 module, leaving FHIRPathEngine.matches() in org.hl7.fhir.dstu2/utils/FHIRPathEngine.java to call raw String.matches(sw) without RegexTimeout protection while replaceMatches() was updated, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to trigger catastrophic regex backtracking and exhaust server CPU. This issue is fixed in version 6.9.10."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.5,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-1333",
"description": "CWE-1333: Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-08T21:27:34.034Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/security/advisories/GHSA-fxj4-p9xp-37v5",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/security/advisories/GHSA-fxj4-p9xp-37v5"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/commit/56376f7986222626af061ca7fc27ee1ab030e590",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/commit/56376f7986222626af061ca7fc27ee1ab030e590"
},
{
"name": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/releases/tag/6.9.10",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_MISC"
],
"url": "https://github.com/hapifhir/org.hl7.fhir.core/releases/tag/6.9.10"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-fxj4-p9xp-37v5",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "HAPI FHIR: DSTU2 FHIRPathEngine.matches() missing RegexTimeout protection allows ReDoS"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-55470",
"datePublished": "2026-07-08T21:27:34.034Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-16T22:10:37.608Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T12:59:00.576Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.
Mitigation
Implementation
Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.
Mitigation
Implementation
Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.