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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-1333

Allowed

Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses a regular expression with a worst-case computational complexity that is inefficient and possibly exponential.

824 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-23985 (GCVE-0-2026-23985)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-30 16:09 – Updated: 2026-07-30 19:16
VLAI
Title
Apache Superset: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in SQL Parser
Summary
A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability exists in Apache Superset versions 1.5.0 through 5.0.0. The vulnerability is located in the sql_parse.py component, specifically within the SQL_REGEX used for parsing SQL statements in the sqlparse library integration. The affected regular expression contains overlapping disjunctions that share a common outer quantifier. An authenticated attacker can exploit this by sending a maliciously crafted input string (specifically a long sequence of backslashes or similar characters) to endpoints that process SQL queries This issue affects Apache Superset: before 6.0.0. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.0.0, which fixes the issue.  Workarounds: ● WAF Rules: Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block requests containing excessively long sequences of backslashes or suspicious repeated patterns in the queries.extras.where parameter. ● Rate Limiting: Ensure strict rate limiting is applied to the /api/v1/chart/data endpoint to reduce the impact of potential attacks.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-30 19:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Apache Software Foundation Apache Superset Affected: 0 , < 6.0.0 (semver)
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Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23956 (GCVE-0-2026-23956)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-22 01:23 – Updated: 2026-05-20 00:53
VLAI
Title
seroval affected by Denial of Service via RegExp serialization
Summary
seroval facilitates JS value stringification, including complex structures beyond JSON.stringify capabilities. In versions 0.2.0 through 1.4.0, overriding RegExp serialization with extremely large patterns can exhaust JavaScript runtime memory during deserialization. Additionally, overriding RegExp serialization with patterns that trigger catastrophic backtracking can lead to ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service). This issue has been fixed in version 1.4.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-22 19:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lxsmnsyc seroval Affected: >= 0.2.0, < 1.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-23897 (GCVE-0-2026-23897)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 19:18 – Updated: 2026-02-04 19:55
VLAI
Title
Apollo Server is vulnerable to denial of service with `startStandaloneServer`
Summary
Apollo Server is an open-source, spec-compliant GraphQL server that's compatible with any GraphQL client, including Apollo Client. In versions from 2.0.0 to 3.13.0, 4.2.0 to before 4.13.0, and 5.0.0 to before 5.4.0, the default configuration of startStandaloneServer from @apollo/server/standalone is vulnerable to denial of service (DoS) attacks through specially crafted request bodies with exotic character set encodings. This issue does not affect users that use @apollo/server as a dependency for integration packages, like @as-integrations/express5 or @as-integrations/next, only direct usage of startStandaloneServer.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-04 19:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
apollographql apollo-server Affected: >= 2.0.0, <= 3.13.0
Affected: >= 4.2.0, < 4.13.0
Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.4.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22809 (GCVE-0-2026-22809)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-13 19:36 – Updated: 2026-01-13 19:47
VLAI
Title
tarteaucitron.js has Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability
Summary
tarteaucitron.js is a compliant and accessible cookie banner. Prior to 1.29.0, a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability was identified in tarteaucitron.js in the handling of the issuu_id parameter. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.29.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-13 19:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
AmauriC tarteaucitron.js Affected: < 1.29.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22691 (GCVE-0-2026-22691)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-10 04:46 – Updated: 2026-01-12 16:48
VLAI
Title
pypdf has possible long runtimes for malformed startxref
Summary
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to version 6.6.0, pypdf has possible long runtimes for malformed startxref. An attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to possibly long runtimes for invalid startxref entries. When rebuilding the cross-reference table, PDF files with lots of whitespace characters become problematic. Only the non-strict reading mode is affected. Only the non-strict reading mode is affected. This issue has been patched in version 6.6.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-12 16:48 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
py-pdf pypdf Affected: < 6.6.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-22178 (GCVE-0-2026-22178)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-03-18 01:34 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:13 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
OpenClaw < 2026.2.19 - ReDoS and Regex Injection via Unescaped Feishu Mention Metadata
Summary
OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.19 construct RegExp objects directly from unescaped Feishu mention metadata in the stripBotMention function, allowing regex injection and denial of service. Attackers can craft nested-quantifier patterns or metacharacters in mention metadata to trigger catastrophic backtracking, block message processing, or remove unintended content before model processing.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-03-18 16:07 UTC
CWE
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OpenClaw OpenClaw Affected: 0 , < 2026.2.19 (semver)
Unaffected: 2026.2.19 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:openclaw:openclaw:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-21 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-21868 (GCVE-0-2026-21868)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-08 00:26 – Updated: 2026-01-08 19:06
VLAI
Title
Flag Forge has ReDoS Vulnerability in User Profile Lookup API
Summary
Flag Forge is a Capture The Flag (CTF) platform. Versions 2.3.2 and below have a Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability in the user profile API endpoint (/api/user/[username]). The application constructs a regular expression dynamically using unescaped user input (the username parameter). An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted username containing regex meta-characters (e.g., deeply nested groups or quantifiers), causing the MongoDB regex engine to consume excessive CPU resources. This can lead to Denial of Service for other users. The issue is fixed in version 2.3.3. To workaround this issue, implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests containing regex meta-characters in the URL path.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-01-08 19:06 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
FlagForgeCTF flagForge Affected: < 2.3.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-16270 (GCVE-0-2026-16270)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-22 12:37 – Updated: 2026-07-22 18:55 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
ReDoS in Open Mercato
Summary
Open Mercato does not validate regex rules. An attacker with privileges to create the regex rule can add an unsafe regex to a field. When someone provide the proper string it can result in a DoS attack. This issue was fixed in version 0.6.4.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-22 18:55 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient regular expression complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Open Mercato Open Mercato Affected: 0 , < 0.6.4 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-22 12:32
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-15154 (GCVE-0-2026-15154)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-08 19:50 – Updated: 2026-09-08 22:46
VLAI
Title
Guardrails-detectors: guardrails-detectors: unauthenticated regular-expression denial of service (redos) via detector_params.regex
Summary
A flaw was found in `guardrails-detectors`, a component of Red Hat OpenShift AI. This vulnerability, known as Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS), allows a remote attacker to provide specially crafted regular expressions to the public detection API. This can cause catastrophic backtracking, leading to a worker process consuming 100% CPU indefinitely and resulting in a denial of service for the entire guardrails-mediated LLM pipeline.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-08 20:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53261 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53262 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53263 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:60520 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:65126 vendor-advisoryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-15154 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2498188 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < d857e059f8a2dedb5c7ea9a2c307c4cfd7983fd1 (git)
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 Unaffected: 1784230964 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 2.25 Unaffected: 1787235925 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:2.25::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.3 Unaffected: 1785137880 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.3::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1783569145 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift AI 3.4 Unaffected: 1786617316 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:openshift_ai:3.4::el9
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-08 18:43
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-14895 (GCVE-0-2026-14895)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-07 22:12 – Updated: 2026-07-08 14:05
VLAI
Title
String::Util versions before 1.36 for Perl are susceptible to a regular expression denial of service
Summary
String::Util versions before 1.36 for Perl are susceptible to a regular expression denial of service. The trim and rtrim functions stripped trailing whitespace with s/\s*$//u. Because \s* matches greedily and the $ anchor fails whenever a non-whitespace character follows the whitespace, the regex engine retries the match at each offset of a long whitespace run, producing quadratic backtracking. The fix replaces \s*$ with \s+$. Any caller that passes untrusted input to trim or rtrim can trigger CPU exhaustion with a string containing a long run of whitespace.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-08 14:05 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-1333 - Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
BAKERSCOT String::Util Affected: 0 , < 1.36 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use regular expressions that do not support backtracking, e.g. by removing nested quantifiers.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Set backtracking limits in the configuration of the regular expression implementation, such as PHP's pcre.backtrack_limit. Also consider limits on execution time for the process.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use regular expressions with untrusted input. If regular expressions must be used, avoid using backtracking in the expression.

Mitigation
Implementation

Limit the length of the input that the regular expression will process.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.