Vulnerability-Lookup

ubuntu-cve-2026-86434

Vulnerability from osv_ubuntu

Published

2026-09-07 13:20

Modified

2026-09-16 11:43

Summary

Details

league/commonmark versions >= 2.0.0 and < 2.8.4 (patched in 2.9.0) contain a denial of service vulnerability in UniqueSlugNormalizer::normalize(), which restarts its numeric-suffix search from 1 on every slug collision, resulting in O(K^2) time complexity for K headings that collapse to the same base slug. The vulnerable path is reached when HeadingPermalinkExtension, FootnoteExtension, or TableOfContentsExtension is registered. An unauthenticated attacker can force many headings onto a single base slug (e.g., via empty ATX headings, identical heading text, or punctuation-only headings) in a small Markdown document, consuming excessive CPU and denying service.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

8.7 (High)


                    
                      CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

N/A (UNKNOWN)


                    
                      medium

References

URL

Type

	https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-86434	REPORT
	https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-86434	REPORT
	https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/securi…	REPORT

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "php-league-commonmark",
            "binary_version": "1.3.1-1ubuntu2+esm1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS",
        "name": "php-league-commonmark",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/php-league-commonmark@1.3.1-1ubuntu2+esm1?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/focal"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.1.2-1",
        "1.2.0-1",
        "1.3.0-1",
        "1.3.1-1",
        "1.3.1-1ubuntu2",
        "1.3.1-1ubuntu2+esm1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "php-league-commonmark",
            "binary_version": "1.6.7-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:22.04:LTS",
        "name": "php-league-commonmark",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/php-league-commonmark@1.6.7-1ubuntu0.1~esm1?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/jammy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.5.7-2build1",
        "1.6.6-1build1",
        "1.6.7-1",
        "1.6.7-1ubuntu0.1~esm1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "php-league-commonmark",
            "binary_version": "2.4.2-2ubuntu0.1~esm1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:Pro:24.04:LTS",
        "name": "php-league-commonmark",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/php-league-commonmark@2.4.2-2ubuntu0.1~esm1?arch=source\u0026distro=esm-apps/noble"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.3.9-1",
        "2.4.1-1",
        "2.4.2-1",
        "2.4.2-2",
        "2.4.2-2ubuntu0.1~esm1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ecosystem_specific": {
        "binaries": [
          {
            "binary_name": "php-league-commonmark",
            "binary_version": "2.8.0-1"
          }
        ]
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Ubuntu:26.04:LTS",
        "name": "php-league-commonmark",
        "purl": "pkg:deb/ubuntu/php-league-commonmark@2.8.0-1?arch=source\u0026distro=resolute"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.7.0-1",
        "2.7.1-2",
        "2.8.0-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "details": "league/commonmark versions \u003e= 2.0.0 and \u003c 2.8.4 (patched in 2.9.0) contain a denial of service vulnerability in UniqueSlugNormalizer::normalize(), which restarts its numeric-suffix search from 1 on every slug collision, resulting in O(K^2) time complexity for K headings that collapse to the same base slug. The vulnerable path is reached when HeadingPermalinkExtension, FootnoteExtension, or TableOfContentsExtension is registered. An unauthenticated attacker can force many headings onto a single base slug (e.g., via empty ATX headings, identical heading text, or punctuation-only headings) in a small Markdown document, consuming excessive CPU and denying service.",
  "id": "UBUNTU-CVE-2026-86434",
  "modified": "2026-09-16T11:43:11Z",
  "published": "2026-09-07T13:20:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-86434"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-86434"
    },
    {
      "type": "REPORT",
      "url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/security/advisories/GHSA-mh25-x5hq-wrqp"
    }
  ],
  "related": [],
  "schema_version": "1.7.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    },
    {
      "score": "medium",
      "type": "Ubuntu"
    }
  ],
  "upstream": [
    "CVE-2026-86434"
  ]
}

CVE-2026-86434 (GCVE-0-2026-86434)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-07 12:53 – Updated: 2026-09-07 12:53

Title

commonmark 2.0.0 through 2.8.3 Denial of Service via Slug Collision

Summary

Severity

8.7 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CWE

CWE-407 - Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

Assigner

VulnCheck mitre root

References

2 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/securi…	vendor-advisory
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/commonmark-2…	third-party-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
thephpleague	commonmark	Affected: 2.0.0 , < 2.8.4 (semver) Unaffected: 2.8.4 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:thephpleague:commonmark::::::::

Date Public

2026-08-03 00:00

Credits

GrahamCampbell

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "commonmark",
          "vendor": "thephpleague",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "2.8.4",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.0.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "2.8.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:thephpleague:commonmark:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "2.8.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "GrahamCampbell"
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-08-03T00:00:00.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "league/commonmark versions \u003e= 2.0.0 and \u003c 2.8.4 (patched in 2.9.0) contain a denial of service vulnerability in UniqueSlugNormalizer::normalize(), which restarts its numeric-suffix search from 1 on every slug collision, resulting in O(K^2) time complexity for K headings that collapse to the same base slug. The vulnerable path is reached when HeadingPermalinkExtension, FootnoteExtension, or TableOfContentsExtension is registered. An unauthenticated attacker can force many headings onto a single base slug (e.g., via empty ATX headings, identical heading text, or punctuation-only headings) in a small Markdown document, consuming excessive CPU and denying service."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "baseScore": 8.7,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 7.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-407",
              "description": "Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-07T12:53:53.194Z",
        "orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
        "shortName": "VulnCheck"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-mh25-x5hq-wrqp)",
          "tags": [
            "vendor-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/thephpleague/commonmark/security/advisories/GHSA-mh25-x5hq-wrqp"
        },
        {
          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: commonmark 2.0.0 through 2.8.3 Denial of Service via Slug Collision",
          "tags": [
            "third-party-advisory"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/commonmark-2.0.0-through-2.8.3-denial-of-service-via-slug-collision"
        }
      ],
      "title": "commonmark 2.0.0 through 2.8.3 Denial of Service via Slug Collision",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "vulncheck-endgame"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-86434",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07T12:53:53.194Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-07T12:34:31.457Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-07T12:53:53.194Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base model, served locally by ML-Gateway. They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.

Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.