FKIE_CVE-2026-41316
Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-04-24 03:16 - Updated: 2026-08-24 13:18
Severity
8.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.1 (High) - CVSS:3.1/
Summary
ERB is a templating system for Ruby. Ruby 2.7.0 (before ERB 2.2.0 was published on rubygems.org) introduced an `@_init` instance variable guard in `ERB#result` and `ERB#run` to prevent code execution when an ERB object is reconstructed via `Marshal.load` (deserialization). However, three other public methods that also evaluate `@src` via `eval()` were not given the same guard: `ERB#def_method`, `ERB#def_module`, and `ERB#def_class`. An attacker who can trigger `Marshal.load` on untrusted data in a Ruby application that has `erb` loaded can use `ERB#def_module` (zero-arg, default parameters) as a code execution sink, bypassing the `@_init` protection entirely. ERB 4.0.3.1, 4.0.4.1, 6.0.1.1, and 6.0.4 patch the issue.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version |
|---|
{
"affected": [
{
"affectedData": [
{
"product": "erb",
"vendor": "ruby",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003c 4.0.3.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "= 4.0.4"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 5.0.0, \u003c 6.0.1.1"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "\u003e= 6.0.2, \u003c 6.0.4"
}
]
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
},
{
"affectedData": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.1"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.3.10-12.el10_1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby4.0",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:4.0.3-34.el10_2",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.3.10-11.el10_0.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://catalog.redhat.com/software/containers/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby:3.3",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "8100020260428163940.489197e6",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby:3.3",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "9070020260428163621.9",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.0.7-166.el9_7",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby:4.0",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "9080020260513131334.9",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.0"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.0.4-160.2.el9_0",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.0.4-161.el9_2.3",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.0.7-162.el9_4.2",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby:3.3",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "9040020260520083544.9",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0:3.0.7-165.el9_6.1",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "ruby:3.3",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support",
"vendor": "Red Hat",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "*",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "9060020260630075016.9",
"versionType": "rpm"
}
]
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ruby:2.5/ruby",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ruby3.3",
"product": "Red Hat Hardened Images",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ruby3.4",
"product": "Red Hat Hardened Images",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ruby4.0",
"product": "Red Hat Hardened Images",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:openshift:4"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "openshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9",
"product": "Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c"
}
],
"cveTags": [],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "ERB is a templating system for Ruby. Ruby 2.7.0 (before ERB 2.2.0 was published on rubygems.org) introduced an `@_init` instance variable guard in `ERB#result` and `ERB#run` to prevent code execution when an ERB object is reconstructed via `Marshal.load` (deserialization). However, three other public methods that also evaluate `@src` via `eval()` were not given the same guard: `ERB#def_method`, `ERB#def_module`, and `ERB#def_class`. An attacker who can trigger `Marshal.load` on untrusted data in a Ruby application that has `erb` loaded can use `ERB#def_module` (zero-arg, default parameters) as a code execution sink, bypassing the `@_init` protection entirely. ERB 4.0.3.1, 4.0.4.1, 6.0.1.1, and 6.0.4 patch the issue."
}
],
"id": "CVE-2026-41316",
"lastModified": "2026-08-24T13:18:33.597",
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"cvssData": {
"attackComplexity": "HIGH",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 8.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"exploitabilityScore": 2.2,
"impactScore": 5.9,
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"type": "Secondary"
}
],
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-41316",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-04-25T01:45:02.467085Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
}
}
]
},
"published": "2026-04-24T03:16:11.897",
"references": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"url": "https://github.com/ruby/erb/security/advisories/GHSA-q339-8rmv-2mhv"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18030"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18039"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:18065"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20596"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20606"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20614"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:20670"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26312"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26655"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33462"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33478"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:35834"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37238"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41316"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2461369"
},
{
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-41316.json"
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com",
"vulnStatus": "Deferred",
"weaknesses": [
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-693"
}
],
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"type": "Secondary"
},
{
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-502"
}
],
"source": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c",
"type": "Secondary"
}
]
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
The approach is described in our paper Mapping CVEs to MITRE ATT&CK Techniques: A Curated Gold-Set Classifier and the Limits of LLM-Assisted Label Expansion.
Browse all ATT&CK techniques and the vulnerabilities related to each.
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Related by attack behaviour
Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.
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