CVE-2026-55737 (GCVE-0-2026-55737)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-27 15:13 – Updated: 2026-07-28 09:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Heap pointer corruption via signed/unsigned mismatch in LARGE_TUPLE_EXT decoding in erts external term format decoder
Summary
Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error and Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts allows an attacker who can supply a crafted Erlang external term format (ETF) binary to binary_to_term/1 to corrupt the BEAM heap pointer and crash the virtual machine.
When decoding a LARGE_TUPLE_EXT term, the validation pass decoded_size() in erts/emulator/beam/external.c reads the 32-bit arity field as unsigned (get_uint32()), while the decode pass dec_term() reads the same field as a signed 32-bit integer (get_int32()) into an int. An arity wire value of 0x80000000 passes validation as 2147483648 but decodes as -2147483648, so the subsequent hp += n moves the heap allocation pointer backward. Neither pass enforces the runtime tuple-arity limit MAX_ARITYVAL. The result is an out-of-bounds heap write; in practice the VM detects an impossible heap size and aborts, denying service. The required padding is large when uncompressed but the compressed-ETF envelope shrinks it to a small payload on the wire.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 25.0 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 13.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories… | vendor-advisoryrelated |
| https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55737.html | related |
| https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55737 | related |
| https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#o… | x_version-scheme |
| https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5210b42a9d3… | patch |
Impacted products
2 products
Credits
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"containers": "{\"adp\": [{\"title\": \"CISA ADP Vulnrichment\", \"metrics\": [{\"other\": {\"type\": \"ssvc\", \"content\": {\"id\": \"CVE-2026-55737\", \"role\": \"CISA Coordinator\", \"options\": [{\"Exploitation\": \"none\"}, {\"Automatable\": \"no\"}, {\"Technical Impact\": \"partial\"}], \"version\": \"2.0.3\", \"timestamp\": \"2026-07-27T18:34:45.698069Z\"}}}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0\", \"shortName\": \"CISA-ADP\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-27T18:34:50.572Z\"}}], \"cna\": {\"title\": \"Heap pointer corruption via signed/unsigned mismatch in LARGE_TUPLE_EXT decoding in erts external term format decoder\", \"source\": {\"discovery\": \"EXTERNAL\"}, \"credits\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"finder\", \"value\": \"Nick Gunn\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"remediation developer\", \"value\": \"Kiko Fernandez-Reyes\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"remediation reviewer\", \"value\": \"Sverker Eriksson\"}], \"impacts\": [{\"capecId\": \"CAPEC-92\", \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"CAPEC-92 Forced Integer Overflow\"}]}], \"metrics\": [{\"format\": \"CVSS\", \"cvssV4_0\": {\"version\": \"4.0\", \"baseScore\": 5.1, \"attackVector\": \"LOCAL\", \"baseSeverity\": \"MEDIUM\", \"vectorString\": \"CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N\", \"userInteraction\": \"NONE\", \"attackComplexity\": \"LOW\", \"attackRequirements\": \"NONE\", \"privilegesRequired\": \"NONE\", \"subIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnIntegrityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"subAvailabilityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnAvailabilityImpact\": \"LOW\", \"subConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\", \"vulnConfidentialityImpact\": \"NONE\"}, \"scenarios\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"GENERAL\"}]}], \"affected\": [{\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"repo\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp\", \"vendor\": \"Erlang\", \"modules\": [\"erlang\", \"external\"], \"product\": \"OTP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"17.0.4\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"16.4.0.4\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"15.2.7.11\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"13.0\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"otp\"}], \"packageURL\": \"pkg:otp/erts?repository_url=https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp\u0026vcs_url=git%20https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp.git\", \"packageName\": \"erts\", \"programFiles\": [\"emulator/beam/external.c\"], \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"erlang:binary_to_term/1\"}, {\"name\": \"erlang:binary_to_term/2\"}, {\"name\": \"dec_term\"}, {\"name\": \"decoded_size\"}]}, {\"cpes\": [\"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\"], \"repo\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp\", \"vendor\": \"Erlang\", \"modules\": [\"erlang\", \"external\"], \"product\": \"OTP\", \"versions\": [{\"status\": \"affected\", \"changes\": [{\"at\": \"29.0.4\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"28.5.0.4\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}, {\"at\": \"27.3.4.15\", \"status\": \"unaffected\"}], \"version\": \"25.0\", \"lessThan\": \"*\", \"versionType\": \"otp\"}, {\"status\": \"affected\", \"version\": \"ebcbb97b4ec223464cac3d94375739a248ddef6e\", \"lessThan\": \"c5210b42a9d3d96f3d25601942ce8122be0f3761\", \"versionType\": \"git\"}], \"packageURL\": \"pkg:github/erlang/otp\", \"packageName\": \"erlang/otp\", \"programFiles\": [\"erts/emulator/beam/external.c\"], \"collectionURL\": \"https://github.com\", \"defaultStatus\": \"unaffected\", \"programRoutines\": [{\"name\": \"erlang:binary_to_term/1\"}, {\"name\": \"erlang:binary_to_term/2\"}, {\"name\": \"dec_term\"}, {\"name\": \"decoded_size\"}]}], \"references\": [{\"url\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-446w-268v-9462\", \"tags\": [\"vendor-advisory\", \"related\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-55737.html\", \"tags\": [\"related\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-55737\", \"tags\": [\"related\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions\", \"tags\": [\"x_version-scheme\"]}, {\"url\": \"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/c5210b42a9d3d96f3d25601942ce8122be0f3761\", \"tags\": [\"patch\"]}], \"x_generator\": {\"engine\": \"cvelib 1.8.0\"}, \"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"value\": \"Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error and Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Erlang OTP erts allows an attacker who can supply a crafted Erlang external term format (ETF) binary to binary_to_term/1 to corrupt the BEAM heap pointer and crash the virtual machine.\\n\\nWhen decoding a LARGE_TUPLE_EXT term, the validation pass decoded_size() in erts/emulator/beam/external.c reads the 32-bit arity field as unsigned (get_uint32()), while the decode pass dec_term() reads the same field as a signed 32-bit integer (get_int32()) into an int. 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The required padding is large when uncompressed but the compressed-ETF envelope shrinks it to a small payload on the wire.\\n\\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 25.0 before OTP\\u00a029.0.4, OTP\\u00a028.5.0.4 and OTP\\u00a027.3.4.15, corresponding to erts from 13.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.\", \"supportingMedia\": [{\"type\": \"text/html\", \"value\": \"\u003cp\u003eSigned to Unsigned Conversion Error and Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in Erlang OTP \u003ctt\u003eerts\u003c/tt\u003e allows an attacker who can supply a crafted Erlang external term format (ETF) binary to \u003ctt\u003ebinary_to_term/1\u003c/tt\u003e to corrupt the BEAM heap pointer and crash the virtual machine.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen decoding a \u003ctt\u003eLARGE_TUPLE_EXT\u003c/tt\u003e term, the validation pass \u003ctt\u003edecoded_size()\u003c/tt\u003e in \u003ctt\u003eerts/emulator/beam/external.c\u003c/tt\u003e reads the 32-bit arity field as unsigned (\u003ctt\u003eget_uint32()\u003c/tt\u003e), while the decode pass \u003ctt\u003edec_term()\u003c/tt\u003e reads the same field as a signed 32-bit integer (\u003ctt\u003eget_int32()\u003c/tt\u003e) into an \u003ctt\u003eint\u003c/tt\u003e. An arity wire value of \u003ctt\u003e0x80000000\u003c/tt\u003e passes validation as 2147483648 but decodes as -2147483648, so the subsequent \u003ctt\u003ehp += n\u003c/tt\u003e moves the heap allocation pointer backward. Neither pass enforces the runtime tuple-arity limit \u003ctt\u003eMAX_ARITYVAL\u003c/tt\u003e. The result is an out-of-bounds heap write; in practice the VM detects an impossible heap size and aborts, denying service. The required padding is large when uncompressed but the compressed-ETF envelope shrinks it to a small payload on the wire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects OTP from OTP 25.0 before OTP\u0026nbsp;29.0.4, OTP\u0026nbsp;28.5.0.4 and OTP\u0026nbsp;27.3.4.15, corresponding to \u003ctt\u003eerts\u003c/tt\u003e from 13.0 before 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11.\u003c/p\u003e\", \"base64\": false}]}], \"problemTypes\": [{\"descriptions\": [{\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-195\", \"description\": \"CWE-195 Signed to Unsigned Conversion Error\"}, {\"lang\": \"en\", \"type\": \"CWE\", \"cweId\": \"CWE-787\", \"description\": \"CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write\"}]}], \"cpeApplicability\": [{\"nodes\": [{\"negate\": false, \"cpeMatch\": [{\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"27.3.4.15\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"25.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"28.5.0.4\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"28.0\"}, {\"criteria\": \"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\", \"vulnerable\": true, \"versionEndExcluding\": \"29.0.4\", \"versionStartIncluding\": \"29.0\"}], \"operator\": \"OR\"}], \"operator\": \"AND\"}], \"providerMetadata\": {\"orgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"shortName\": \"EEF\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-28T09:55:26.434Z\"}}}",
"cveMetadata": "{\"cveId\": \"CVE-2026-55737\", \"state\": \"PUBLISHED\", \"dateUpdated\": \"2026-07-28T09:55:26.434Z\", \"dateReserved\": \"2026-06-17T10:44:34.365Z\", \"assignerOrgId\": \"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db\", \"datePublished\": \"2026-07-27T15:13:54.699Z\", \"assignerShortName\": \"EEF\"}",
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
}
}
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Experimental. This forecast is provided for visualization only and may change without notice. Do not use it for operational decisions.
Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.
Sightings
| Author | Source | Type | Date | Other |
|---|
Nomenclature
- Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
- Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
- Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
- Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
- Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
- Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
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The MITRE ATT&CK techniques below are AI-generated suggestions, inferred from the description of the
vulnerability by the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-classification-roberta-base
model, served locally by ML-Gateway.
They have not been verified by an analyst and are provided for guidance only.
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