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CVE-2026-31450 (GCVE-0-2026-31450)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:53 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:47
VLAI
Title
ext4: publish jinode after initialization
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: publish jinode after initialization ext4_inode_attach_jinode() publishes ei->jinode to concurrent users. It used to set ei->jinode before jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(), allowing a reader to observe a non-NULL jinode with i_vfs_inode still unset. The fast commit flush path can then pass this jinode to jbd2_wait_inode_data(), which dereferences i_vfs_inode->i_mapping and may crash. Below is the crash I observe: ``` BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000010beb47f4 PGD 110e51067 P4D 110e51067 PUD 0 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4850 Comm: fc_fsync_bench_ Not tainted 6.18.0-00764-g795a690c06a5 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.17.0-2-2 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:xas_find_marked+0x3d/0x2e0 Code: e0 03 48 83 f8 02 0f 84 f0 01 00 00 48 8b 47 08 48 89 c3 48 39 c6 0f 82 fd 01 00 00 48 85 c9 74 3d 48 83 f9 03 77 63 4c 8b 0f <49> 8b 71 08 48 c7 47 18 00 00 00 00 48 89 f1 83 e1 03 48 83 f9 02 RSP: 0018:ffffbbee806e7bf0 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 000000000010beb4 RBX: 000000000010beb4 RCX: 0000000000000003 RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000002000300000 RDI: ffffbbee806e7c10 RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000002000300000 R09: 000000010beb47ec R10: ffff9ea494590090 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000002000300000 R13: ffffbbee806e7c90 R14: ffff9ea494513788 R15: ffffbbee806e7c88 FS: 00007fc2f9e3e6c0(0000) GS:ffff9ea6b1444000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000000010beb47f4 CR3: 0000000119ac5000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0 PKRU: 55555554 Call Trace: <TASK> filemap_get_folios_tag+0x87/0x2a0 __filemap_fdatawait_range+0x5f/0xd0 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? __schedule+0x3e7/0x10c0 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? cap_safe_nice+0x37/0x70 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 filemap_fdatawait_range_keep_errors+0x12/0x40 ext4_fc_commit+0x697/0x8b0 ? ext4_file_write_iter+0x64b/0x950 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? vfs_write+0x356/0x480 ? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5 ? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80 ext4_sync_file+0xf7/0x370 do_fsync+0x3b/0x80 ? syscall_trace_enter+0x108/0x1d0 __x64_sys_fdatasync+0x16/0x20 do_syscall_64+0x62/0x2c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e ... ``` Fix this by initializing the jbd2_inode first. Use smp_wmb() and WRITE_ONCE() to publish ei->jinode after initialization. Readers use READ_ONCE() to fetch the pointer.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 2d2b648960147d078b000b9a7494017082024366 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < e4325e84727e539c8597bd5b8491349f57f7fb17 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < be54c0055407a73b60349c093c8ce621cb8fa232 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < a070d5a872ffe0e0fe5c46eda6386140ded39adb (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < e76bcb727e4874a2f9d0297f8e3f8eced89b0764 (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd (git)
Affected: a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7 , < 1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 3.11
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.11 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.253 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.168 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.134 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.81 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
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Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\next4: publish jinode after initialization\n\next4_inode_attach_jinode() publishes ei-\u003ejinode to concurrent users.\nIt used to set ei-\u003ejinode before jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(),\nallowing a reader to observe a non-NULL jinode with i_vfs_inode\nstill unset.\n\nThe fast commit flush path can then pass this jinode to\njbd2_wait_inode_data(), which dereferences i_vfs_inode-\u003ei_mapping and\nmay crash.\n\nBelow is the crash I observe:\n```\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000010beb47f4\nPGD 110e51067 P4D 110e51067 PUD 0\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4850 Comm: fc_fsync_bench_ Not tainted 6.18.0-00764-g795a690c06a5 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.17.0-2-2 04/01/2014\nRIP: 0010:xas_find_marked+0x3d/0x2e0\nCode: e0 03 48 83 f8 02 0f 84 f0 01 00 00 48 8b 47 08 48 89 c3 48 39 c6 0f 82 fd 01 00 00 48 85 c9 74 3d 48 83 f9 03 77 63 4c 8b 0f \u003c49\u003e 8b 71 08 48 c7 47 18 00 00 00 00 48 89 f1 83 e1 03 48 83 f9 02\nRSP: 0018:ffffbbee806e7bf0 EFLAGS: 00010246\nRAX: 000000000010beb4 RBX: 000000000010beb4 RCX: 0000000000000003\nRDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000002000300000 RDI: ffffbbee806e7c10\nRBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000002000300000 R09: 000000010beb47ec\nR10: ffff9ea494590090 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000002000300000\nR13: ffffbbee806e7c90 R14: ffff9ea494513788 R15: ffffbbee806e7c88\nFS: 00007fc2f9e3e6c0(0000) GS:ffff9ea6b1444000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\nCR2: 000000010beb47f4 CR3: 0000000119ac5000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0\nPKRU: 55555554\nCall Trace:\n\u003cTASK\u003e\nfilemap_get_folios_tag+0x87/0x2a0\n__filemap_fdatawait_range+0x5f/0xd0\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? __schedule+0x3e7/0x10c0\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? cap_safe_nice+0x37/0x70\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\nfilemap_fdatawait_range_keep_errors+0x12/0x40\next4_fc_commit+0x697/0x8b0\n? ext4_file_write_iter+0x64b/0x950\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? vfs_write+0x356/0x480\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\next4_sync_file+0xf7/0x370\ndo_fsync+0x3b/0x80\n? syscall_trace_enter+0x108/0x1d0\n__x64_sys_fdatasync+0x16/0x20\ndo_syscall_64+0x62/0x2c0\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n...\n```\n\nFix this by initializing the jbd2_inode first.\nUse smp_wmb() and WRITE_ONCE() to publish ei-\u003ejinode after\ninitialization. Readers use READ_ONCE() to fetch the pointer."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 8.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - In a reasonable server deployment, an ext4 filesystem with fast commits can be exported through in-kernel NFS or ksmbd, whose remote write/commit/flush paths call VFS fsync into ext4. Remote clients can therefore reach the vulnerable fast-commit flush path over the network.\nAC:L - The bug is a race, but the attacker can drive both sides with concurrent open/write/truncate and fsync/fdatasync or network flush/commit operations. Fast commit being enabled is a deployment condition for the affected ext4 configuration, not an uncontrollable exploitation condition.\nPR:L - The attacker needs permission to write and sync a file on the affected ext4 filesystem or exported share. No kernel capability or administrator privilege is required once such filesystem access is available.\nUI:N - Exploitation is triggered entirely by attacker-controlled file operations. No separate victim action is required.\nS:U - The impact remains within the vulnerable kernel and filesystem security authority. This is not a VM escape, IOMMU bypass, or cross-scope boundary violation.\nC:H - The race exposes an uninitialized slab-allocated jbd2_inode to consumers, allowing stale kernel pointers and ranges to be interpreted by writeback/wait paths. Under the required higher-severity rule, this UAF-like invalid object use is treated as capable of enabling kernel memory disclosure primitives.\nI:H - The same stale jbd2_inode fields can drive ext4/jbd2 writeback callbacks through an invalid or stale inode pointer. Under the required higher-severity rule, this kernel object misuse is treated as potentially exploitable for memory corruption or arbitrary modification.\nA:H - The demonstrated failure is a kernel oops/page fault in the fast commit fsync path. A local or remote authorized attacker can repeatedly trigger the crash, causing high availability impact."
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ext4: publish jinode after initialization",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-31450",
    "datePublished": "2026-04-22T13:53:45.532Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-03-09T15:48:24.091Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-08T08:47:16.995Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "epss": "0.00533",
      "percentile": "0.43493"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2026-31450\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2026-04-22T14:16:39.083\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-14T13:18:42.207\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\next4: publish jinode after initialization\\n\\next4_inode_attach_jinode() publishes ei-\u003ejinode to concurrent users.\\nIt used to set ei-\u003ejinode before jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(),\\nallowing a reader to observe a non-NULL jinode with i_vfs_inode\\nstill unset.\\n\\nThe fast commit flush path can then pass this jinode to\\njbd2_wait_inode_data(), which dereferences i_vfs_inode-\u003ei_mapping and\\nmay crash.\\n\\nBelow is the crash I observe:\\n```\\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 000000010beb47f4\\nPGD 110e51067 P4D 110e51067 PUD 0\\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP NOPTI\\nCPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 4850 Comm: fc_fsync_bench_ Not tainted 6.18.0-00764-g795a690c06a5 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)\\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Arch Linux 1.17.0-2-2 04/01/2014\\nRIP: 0010:xas_find_marked+0x3d/0x2e0\\nCode: e0 03 48 83 f8 02 0f 84 f0 01 00 00 48 8b 47 08 48 89 c3 48 39 c6 0f 82 fd 01 00 00 48 85 c9 74 3d 48 83 f9 03 77 63 4c 8b 0f \u003c49\u003e 8b 71 08 48 c7 47 18 00 00 00 00 48 89 f1 83 e1 03 48 83 f9 02\\nRSP: 0018:ffffbbee806e7bf0 EFLAGS: 00010246\\nRAX: 000000000010beb4 RBX: 000000000010beb4 RCX: 0000000000000003\\nRDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000002000300000 RDI: ffffbbee806e7c10\\nRBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000002000300000 R09: 000000010beb47ec\\nR10: ffff9ea494590090 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000002000300000\\nR13: ffffbbee806e7c90 R14: ffff9ea494513788 R15: ffffbbee806e7c88\\nFS: 00007fc2f9e3e6c0(0000) GS:ffff9ea6b1444000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000\\nCS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033\\nCR2: 000000010beb47f4 CR3: 0000000119ac5000 CR4: 0000000000750ef0\\nPKRU: 55555554\\nCall Trace:\\n\u003cTASK\u003e\\nfilemap_get_folios_tag+0x87/0x2a0\\n__filemap_fdatawait_range+0x5f/0xd0\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? __schedule+0x3e7/0x10c0\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? cap_safe_nice+0x37/0x70\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\nfilemap_fdatawait_range_keep_errors+0x12/0x40\\next4_fc_commit+0x697/0x8b0\\n? ext4_file_write_iter+0x64b/0x950\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? vfs_write+0x356/0x480\\n? srso_alias_return_thunk+0x5/0xfbef5\\n? preempt_count_sub+0x5f/0x80\\next4_sync_file+0xf7/0x370\\ndo_fsync+0x3b/0x80\\n? syscall_trace_enter+0x108/0x1d0\\n__x64_sys_fdatasync+0x16/0x20\\ndo_syscall_64+0x62/0x2c0\\nentry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\\n...\\n```\\n\\nFix this by initializing the jbd2_inode first.\\nUse smp_wmb() and WRITE_ONCE() to publish ei-\u003ejinode after\\ninitialization. Readers use READ_ONCE() to fetch the pointer.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/fast_commit.c\",\"fs/ext4/inode.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"2d2b648960147d078b000b9a7494017082024366\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"e4325e84727e539c8597bd5b8491349f57f7fb17\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"be54c0055407a73b60349c093c8ce621cb8fa232\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"a070d5a872ffe0e0fe5c46eda6386140ded39adb\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"e76bcb727e4874a2f9d0297f8e3f8eced89b0764\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"a361293f5fedea0016a10599f409631a15d47ee7\",\"lessThan\":\"1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/fast_commit.c\",\"fs/ext4/inode.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"3.11\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"3.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.253\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.10.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.203\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.168\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.134\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.81\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.21\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19.11\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":8.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"NETWORK\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":2.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-476\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"3.11.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.253\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D551F379-6F0A-4DEB-8B71-04D5BA144557\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.203\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"20DDB3E9-AABF-4107-ADB0-5362AA067045\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.168\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"E2DDDCA1-6DAB-4018-B920-8F045DDD8D3B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.134\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F56F925B-BAF8-4F4B-B62F-1496AF19A307\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.81\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6EF80433-B33B-43C5-8E64-0FA7B8DCE1BC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.21\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"ED39847A-3B46-4729-B7CA-B2C30B9FA8FE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4CA2E747-A9EC-4518-9AA2-B4247FC748B7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:3.11:-:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FFA03B39-B26C-4A32-BCBD-7FA1D8A7CF66\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:3.11:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0A9BB94F-A4F5-43A4-BF7E-BA9C7C9E8D65\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:3.11:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6AD69FCC-EB5B-4565-861A-9D831BD541A2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4AE85AD8-4641-4E7C-A2F4-305E2CD9EE64\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F666C8D8-6538-46D4-B318-87610DE64C34\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"02259FDA-961B-47BC-AE7F-93D7EC6E90C2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58A9FEFF-C040-420D-8F0A-BFDAAA1DF258\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1aec30021edd410b986c156f195f3d23959a9d11\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2d2b648960147d078b000b9a7494017082024366\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/33f486987af21531a7b18973d11795ede3da9ddd\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4855a59e21789c79f003a9b5f4135c95a7495c6b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a070d5a872ffe0e0fe5c46eda6386140ded39adb\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/be54c0055407a73b60349c093c8ce621cb8fa232\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4325e84727e539c8597bd5b8491349f57f7fb17\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e76bcb727e4874a2f9d0297f8e3f8eced89b0764\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-21T02:30:00+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ext4: publish jinode after initialization",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31450.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-16T00:15:12Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31450",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-23T01:26:15Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "665",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "4",
      "product_status:recommended": "314",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-31450",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-31450.json",
      "version": "19"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.