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CVE-2026-31446 (GCVE-0-2026-31446)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-22 13:53 – Updated: 2026-09-08 08:47
VLAI
Title
ext4: fix use-after-free in update_super_work when racing with umount
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ext4: fix use-after-free in update_super_work when racing with umount Commit b98535d09179 ("ext4: fix bug_on in start_this_handle during umount filesystem") moved ext4_unregister_sysfs() before flushing s_sb_upd_work to prevent new error work from being queued via /proc/fs/ext4/xx/mb_groups reads during unmount. However, this introduced a use-after-free because update_super_work calls ext4_notify_error_sysfs() -> sysfs_notify() which accesses the kobject's kernfs_node after it has been freed by kobject_del() in ext4_unregister_sysfs(): update_super_work ext4_put_super ----------------- -------------- ext4_unregister_sysfs(sb) kobject_del(&sbi->s_kobj) __kobject_del() sysfs_remove_dir() kobj->sd = NULL sysfs_put(sd) kernfs_put() // RCU free ext4_notify_error_sysfs(sbi) sysfs_notify(&sbi->s_kobj) kn = kobj->sd // stale pointer kernfs_get(kn) // UAF on freed kernfs_node ext4_journal_destroy() flush_work(&sbi->s_sb_upd_work) Instead of reordering the teardown sequence, fix this by making ext4_notify_error_sysfs() detect that sysfs has already been torn down by checking s_kobj.state_in_sysfs, and skipping the sysfs_notify() call in that case. A dedicated mutex (s_error_notify_mutex) serializes ext4_notify_error_sysfs() against kobject_del() in ext4_unregister_sysfs() to prevent TOCTOU races where the kobject could be deleted between the state_in_sysfs check and the sysfs_notify() call.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 52c3a04f9ec2a16a4204d6274db338cb8d5b2d74 , < c8fe17a1b308c3d8c703ebfb049b325f844342c3 (git)
Affected: b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67 , < c4d829737329f2290dd41e290b7d75effdb2a7ff (git)
Affected: b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67 , < 9449f99ba04f5dd1c8423ad8a90b3651d7240d1d (git)
Affected: b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67 , < 034053378dd81837fd6c7a43b37ee2e58d4f0b4e (git)
Affected: b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67 , < c97e282f7bfd0c3554c63d289964a5ca6a1d2ffe (git)
Affected: b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67 , < 08b10e6f37fc533a759e9833af0692242e8b3f93 (git)
Affected: b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67 , < d15e4b0a418537aafa56b2cb80d44add83e83697 (git)
Affected: 585ef03c9e79672781f954daae730dfe24bf3a46 (git)
Affected: afe490e48d47df1b3f64012835c1bc2f075a8c8b (git)
Affected: 5.15.38 , < 5.15.203 (semver)
Affected: 5.10.114 , < 5.11 (semver)
Affected: 5.17.6 , < 5.18 (semver)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 5.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.203 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.168 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.131 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.80 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.21 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.19.11 , ≤ 6.19.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.6 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Siemens SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP Affected: V3.1.5 , < * (custom)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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However, this introduced a use-after-free because\\nupdate_super_work calls ext4_notify_error_sysfs() -\u003e sysfs_notify() which\\naccesses the kobject\u0027s kernfs_node after it has been freed by kobject_del()\\nin ext4_unregister_sysfs():\\n\\n  update_super_work                ext4_put_super\\n  -----------------                --------------\\n                                   ext4_unregister_sysfs(sb)\\n                                     kobject_del(\u0026sbi-\u003es_kobj)\\n                                       __kobject_del()\\n                                         sysfs_remove_dir()\\n                                           kobj-\u003esd = NULL\\n                                         sysfs_put(sd)\\n                                           kernfs_put()  // RCU free\\n  ext4_notify_error_sysfs(sbi)\\n    sysfs_notify(\u0026sbi-\u003es_kobj)\\n      kn = kobj-\u003esd              // stale pointer\\n      kernfs_get(kn)             // UAF on freed kernfs_node\\n                                   ext4_journal_destroy()\\n                                     flush_work(\u0026sbi-\u003es_sb_upd_work)\\n\\nInstead of reordering the teardown sequence, fix this by making\\next4_notify_error_sysfs() detect that sysfs has already been torn down\\nby checking s_kobj.state_in_sysfs, and skipping the sysfs_notify() call\\nin that case. A dedicated mutex (s_error_notify_mutex) serializes\\next4_notify_error_sysfs() against kobject_del() in ext4_unregister_sysfs()\\nto prevent TOCTOU races where the kobject could be deleted between the\\nstate_in_sysfs check and the sysfs_notify() call.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/ext4.h\",\"fs/ext4/super.c\",\"fs/ext4/sysfs.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"52c3a04f9ec2a16a4204d6274db338cb8d5b2d74\",\"lessThan\":\"c8fe17a1b308c3d8c703ebfb049b325f844342c3\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67\",\"lessThan\":\"c4d829737329f2290dd41e290b7d75effdb2a7ff\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67\",\"lessThan\":\"9449f99ba04f5dd1c8423ad8a90b3651d7240d1d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67\",\"lessThan\":\"034053378dd81837fd6c7a43b37ee2e58d4f0b4e\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67\",\"lessThan\":\"c97e282f7bfd0c3554c63d289964a5ca6a1d2ffe\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67\",\"lessThan\":\"08b10e6f37fc533a759e9833af0692242e8b3f93\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"b98535d091795a79336f520b0708457aacf55c67\",\"lessThan\":\"d15e4b0a418537aafa56b2cb80d44add83e83697\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"585ef03c9e79672781f954daae730dfe24bf3a46\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"afe490e48d47df1b3f64012835c1bc2f075a8c8b\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.38\",\"lessThan\":\"5.15.203\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.10.114\",\"lessThan\":\"5.11\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"5.17.6\",\"lessThan\":\"5.18\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"fs/ext4/ext4.h\",\"fs/ext4/super.c\",\"fs/ext4/sysfs.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"5.18\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"5.18\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"5.15.203\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"5.15.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.1.168\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.1.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.6.131\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.6.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.80\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.18.21\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.18.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.19.11\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.19.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"7.0\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]},{\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIMATIC 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MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.6\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Siemens\",\"product\":\"SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unknown\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"V3.1.5\",\"lessThan\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"custom\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"NONE\",\"userInteraction\":\"REQUIRED\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-416\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.10.114\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"06D67EC3-92E2-452F-9826-4CF918434F2B\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.15.38\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.203\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"237A1663-E334-49A1-A031-5A8D1A1782AD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.17.6\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.18\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"49134C93-AD6F-411A-A4B1-E5E509EEFB00\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.18.1\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.168\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0292DDCD-3BB0-457C-AB09-7796072CC1DB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.131\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"CE6ED4D4-0046-4573-BFA9-D64143B6A89F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.80\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"97EB19EC-A11E-49C6-9D2F-6F6EC6CB98B6\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.18.21\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"ED39847A-3B46-4729-B7CA-B2C30B9FA8FE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.19.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4CA2E747-A9EC-4518-9AA2-B4247FC748B7\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.18:-:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0384FA0A-DE99-48D7-84E3-46ED0C3B5E03\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.18:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DA5F085D-52F3-4EE2-8353-455D1A6FE073\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.18:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D6EE5B78-0D83-4715-893C-ABD69B49E7FC\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.18:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"EE723F14-047B-4FCF-B109-E0542EDFB063\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.18:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"2FCFCE58-5118-4D05-864E-C82CF20EABE5\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:5.18:rc9:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"9C3E5BC9-613C-4362-BF02-153A5BBFFB2F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"4AE85AD8-4641-4E7C-A2F4-305E2CD9EE64\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F666C8D8-6538-46D4-B318-87610DE64C34\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"02259FDA-961B-47BC-AE7F-93D7EC6E90C2\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"58A9FEFF-C040-420D-8F0A-BFDAAA1DF258\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/034053378dd81837fd6c7a43b37ee2e58d4f0b4e\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/08b10e6f37fc533a759e9833af0692242e8b3f93\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9449f99ba04f5dd1c8423ad8a90b3651d7240d1d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4d829737329f2290dd41e290b7d75effdb2a7ff\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c8fe17a1b308c3d8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    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-02T17:13:40+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31446",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31446",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "260",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: ext4: fix use-after-free in update_super_work when racing with umount",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31446.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-09T00:22:43Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-31446",
      "id": "CVE-2026-31446",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-04-23T01:26:19Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "545",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "180",
      "product_status:recommended": "279",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-31446",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-31446.json",
      "version": "17"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.


Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.