ICSA-26-280-01

Vulnerability from csaf_cisa - Published: 2026-10-07 06:00 - Updated: 2026-10-07 06:00
Summary
CISA Malcolm
Notes
Countries/areas deployed: Worldwide
Company headquarters location: United States
Critical infrastructure sectors: Energy, Information Technology, Water and Wastewater Systems
Advisory Summary: Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to the Arkime backend API under a forged identity, bypassing Malcolm's nginx authentication gate entirely.
Legal Notice and Terms of Use: This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).
Recommended Practices: CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities.
Recommended Practices: Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
Recommended Practices: Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
Recommended Practices: When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
Recommended Practices: CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Recommended Practices: CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Recommended Practices: CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Recommended Practices: Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Recommended Practices: Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
Recommended Practices: CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
Recommended Practices: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
Recommended Practices: Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
Recommended Practices: Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
Recommended Practices: No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
CVE-2026-107336
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE-290 - Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
Affected products
Product Identifier Version Remediation
CISA Malcolm <=v26.07.1
CISA / Malcolm
 <=v26.07.1
Vendor Fix
CVE-2026-107333
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Affected products
Product Identifier Version Remediation
CISA Malcolm <=v26.08.0
CISA / Malcolm
 <=v26.08.0
Vendor Fix
CVE-2026-107362
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L
CWE-918 - Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Affected products
Fixed 1 product, the same list as for CVE-2026-107333
CVE-2026-107361
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE-288 - Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Affected products
Fixed 1 product, the same list as for CVE-2026-107336
CVE-2026-107337
7.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
CWE-352 - Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Affected products
Fixed 1 product, the same list as for CVE-2026-107336
CVE-2026-107335
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Affected products
Fixed 1 product, the same list as for CVE-2026-107336
CVE-2026-107334
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE-863 - Incorrect Authorization
Affected products
Fixed 1 product, the same list as for CVE-2026-107336
References
Acknowledgments
Idaho National Laboratory Seth Grover
To clipboard 

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    "acknowledgments": [
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        "names": [
          "Seth Grover"
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        "category": "other",
        "text": "Worldwide",
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        "text": "United States",
        "title": "Company headquarters location"
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        "text": "Energy, Information Technology, Water and Wastewater Systems",
        "title": "Critical infrastructure sectors"
      },
      {
        "category": "other",
        "text": "Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an unauthenticated attacker to gain access to the Arkime backend API under a forged identity, bypassing Malcolm\u0027s nginx authentication gate entirely.",
        "title": "Advisory Summary"
      },
      {
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        "text": "This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy \u0026 Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).",
        "title": "Legal Notice and Terms of Use"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
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        "title": "Recommended Practices"
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        "title": "Recommended Practices"
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        "text": "CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
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        "text": "Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
      },
      {
        "category": "general",
        "text": "CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
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      {
        "category": "general",
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        "title": "Recommended Practices"
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        "text": "Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.",
        "title": "Recommended Practices"
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        "category": "general",
        "text": "Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.",
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    "title": "CISA Malcolm",
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  "vulnerabilities": [
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      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-290",
        "name": "Authentication Bypass by Spoofing"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Malcolm\u0027s front nginx reverse proxy defines a \"Dashboards \u2192 Arkime shortcut\" location using a case-insensitive regex matcher but a case-sensitive rewrite. A request whose path segment is not exact-lowercase (for example /IDDASH2ARK/...) enters the location (the matcher fires) but evades the rewrite (no redirect is issued), so nginx falls through to the location\u0027s proxy_pass to the Arkime backend. That location is the one proxied location in the shipped config that does not include the per-location authentication file, so the request reaches Arkime unauthenticated. The same location also forwards a client-supplied X-Forwarded-User header un-overwritten, and Arkime is configured to trust X-Forwarded-User as the authenticated username \u2014 so an unauthenticated network caller can reach the Arkime backend while supplying a forged, auto-provisioned identity.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
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        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/290.html"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.08.0",
          "product_ids": [
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          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
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            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-107333",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-863",
        "name": "Incorrect Authorization"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Malcolm\u0027s nginx based reverse proxy contains a URL path normalization inconsistency between its Lua based role-based access control (RBAC) authorization layer and nginx\u0027s own request routing logic. An authenticated user can craft a specially formatted request path to bypass role-based restrictions and reach administrative or role gated endpoints they should not have access to. This affects all restricted paths protected by the RBAC authorization layer, including file upload, PHP server, htadmin, and authentication management interfaces.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "CSAFPID-0002"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
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      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
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          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.09.0",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 8.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-107362",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-918",
        "name": "Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Malcolm file-upload component ships the upstream FilePond PHP server (pqina/filepond-server-php) largely unmodified: Dockerfile copies all upstream *.php files and Malcolm only overwrites config.php and submit.php. Upstream index.php exposes a fetch API route that instructs the server to download an arbitrary URL with curl (including FOLLOWLOCATION) and, for HEAD requests, stores the fetched response body in the upload container\u0027s transfer directory and returns the transfer ID to the caller, enabling full readback of the fetched content.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
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        ]
      },
      "references": [
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        },
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          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/918.html"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.09.0",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:L",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0002"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-107361",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-288",
        "name": "Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "The Arkime live capture service (arkime-live) in Malcolm runs with network_mode: host, exposing port 8005 on all network interfaces (viewHost=0.0.0.0). Arkime trusts the X-Forwarded-User header from any IP address (userAuthIps=::,0.0.0.0/0) and auto-creates users with full access. The passwordSecret is hardcoded to the public value \"Malcolm\". A network-adjacent attacker bypasses nginx entirely by connecting directly to port 8005 with a forged identity header.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-107361"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/288.html"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.08.0",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 4.2,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-107337",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-352",
        "name": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "The Malcolm kiosk Flask application exposes a POST /script_call/\u003cscript\u003e endpoint with zero authentication and wildcard CORS (CORS(app)). An attacker can force the operator\u0027s browser to execute arbitrary management commands via CSRF, including control.py --wipe which permanently deletes all captured network traffic and forensic logs, or control.py --stop which blinds the security monitoring.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-107337"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/352.html"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.08.0",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 7.1,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-107335",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-409",
        "name": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Malcolm\u0027s upload-processing pipeline (scripts/safe-extract.py) enforces entry-count, nesting-depth, and total-uncompressed-byte limits when extracting container archives (zip/tar/rar/7z via libarchive), but those limits are not applied when the uploaded file is a single-stream compressed format (.gz, .bz2, .xz, .lzma, .lz) that isn\u0027t a .tar.*-style archive. Any authenticated user permitted to upload PCAP/log files can upload a small, highly compressible file (e.g. a gzip bomb) that decompresses to an effectively unbounded size on disk, exhausting the shared Docker volume used by OpenSearch, Logstash, Arkime, and Zeek, and disrupting the platform for all users.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-107335"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/409.html"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.08.0",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 6.5,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cve": "CVE-2026-107334",
      "cwe": {
        "id": "CWE-863",
        "name": "Incorrect Authorization"
      },
      "notes": [
        {
          "category": "summary",
          "text": "Malcolm\u0027s nginx Lua role-based access control (RBAC) layer decides whether an authenticated user may reach a role-restricted path (e.g. /htadmin, /auth, /admin_login, /arkime/api/esadmin, NetBox, upload endpoints) by pattern-matching the raw, percent-encoded request URI. Nginx itself, however, selects which location block actually serves the request using the percent-decoded, normalized URI. Because the RBAC check never percent-decodes its input, an authenticated low-privilege user can request an admin-only path using percent-encoding (e.g. /%68tadmin.php) and have nginx route it to the restricted location while the Lua RBAC gate evaluating the un-decoded raw string finds no matching restriction and grants access.",
          "title": "Vulnerability Summary"
        }
      ],
      "product_status": {
        "fixed": [
          "CSAFPID-0001"
        ]
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "www.cve.org",
          "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-107334"
        },
        {
          "category": "external",
          "summary": "cwe.mitre.org",
          "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/863.html"
        }
      ],
      "remediations": [
        {
          "category": "vendor_fix",
          "details": "This vulnerability was patched in Malcolm Version v26.08.0",
          "product_ids": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ],
      "scores": [
        {
          "cvss_v3": {
            "baseScore": 5.4,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "products": [
            "CSAFPID-0001"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.