CVE-2025-21985 (GCVE-0-2025-21985)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-01 15:47 – Updated: 2026-08-05 11:55
VLAI
Title
drm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: drm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses [WHAT & HOW] hpo_stream_to_link_encoder_mapping has size MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS(=4), but location can have size up to 6. As a result, it is necessary to check location against MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS. Similiarly, disp_cfg_stream_location can be used as an array index which should be 0..5, so the ASSERT's conditions should be less without equal.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 4562236b3bc0a28aeb6ee93b2d8a849a4c4e1c7c , < 36793d90d76f667d26c6dd025571481ee0c96abc (git)
Affected: 4562236b3bc0a28aeb6ee93b2d8a849a4c4e1c7c , < 9aedc776b11038f04f4641241bb7e877781e4aa4 (git)
Affected: 4562236b3bc0a28aeb6ee93b2d8a849a4c4e1c7c , < 8adbb2a98b00926315fd513b5fe2596b5716b82d (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.15
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.15 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.20 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.13.8 , ≤ 6.13.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.14 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml21/dml21_translation_helper.c",
            "drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml2_translation_helper.c"
          ],
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          "vendor": "Linux",
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            "drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml2_translation_helper.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.15"
            },
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              "lessThan": "4.15",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.20",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13.8",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
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              "status": "unaffected",
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              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
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        }
      ],
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                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndrm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses\n\n[WHAT \u0026 HOW]\nhpo_stream_to_link_encoder_mapping has size MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS(=4),\nbut location can have size up to 6. As a result, it is necessary to\ncheck location against MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS.\n\nSimiliarly, disp_cfg_stream_location can be used as an array index which\nshould be 0..5, so the ASSERT\u0027s conditions should be less without equal."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 7.8,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The vulnerable code is reached only through the local DRM atomic modeset ioctl (`DRM_IOCTL_MODE_ATOMIC`) on /dev/dri/card*, via amdgpu_dm_atomic_check() \u2192 dc_validate_global_state() \u2192 dml2_validate(); no network or remote peer data is involved.\nAC:L - Once a DisplayPort configuration with five or more streams/planes exists (multi-monitor or MST/dock setups, SubVP phantom streams, or primaries plus an MPO overlay), the out-of-bounds index is hit deterministically on every validation pass, and the attacker can re-issue TEST_ONLY atomic commits repeatedly with plane/stream assignments of their choosing.\nPR:L - The atomic ioctl is registered with DRM_MASTER only, which an ordinary unprivileged user holds for their active graphical session on the amdgpu card node \u2014 no root, no capability, and no init-namespace privilege is required.\nUI:N - The attacker performs the atomic commit themselves from their own session; no action by any other user is needed to trigger the out-of-bounds access.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel heap memory belonging to the amdgpu display driver within the same kernel security authority; no VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - The read at hpo_stream_to_link_encoder_mapping[4..5] pulls kernel data from beyond the array into adjacent struct state (g6_temp_read_watermark_set), and the resulting out-of-bounds heap write is a corruption primitive that can be leveraged to shape adjacent kernel objects for disclosure.\nI:H - The out-of-bounds value is used directly as an index into the 8-entry OutputEncoder[] array, producing a 4-byte write at a large, configuration-influenced offset that lands outside the kzalloc\u0027d struct dml2_context, corrupting neighbouring heap objects as well as the DML output configuration that drives display hardware programming.\nA:H - The wild write corrupts kernel heap memory and the display-config state used for bandwidth/watermark programming, leading to oops, slab corruption, or hung/underflowing display output requiring recovery."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:51.832Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36793d90d76f667d26c6dd025571481ee0c96abc"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9aedc776b11038f04f4641241bb7e877781e4aa4"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8adbb2a98b00926315fd513b5fe2596b5716b82d"
        }
      ],
      "title": "drm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses",
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    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-21985",
    "datePublished": "2025-04-01T15:47:12.103Z",
    "dateReserved": "2024-12-29T08:45:45.799Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T11:55:51.832Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21985",
      "date": "2026-08-19",
      "epss": "0.00188",
      "percentile": "0.0873"
    },
    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-28T01:53:20.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21985",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2025-21985",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-02T00:00:00.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "4",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "1",
      "product_status:under_investigation": "12",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "drm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2025/msrc_cve-2025-21985.json",
      "version": "14"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-21985\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-04-01T16:15:29.910\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-07-30T06:22:01.797\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\ndrm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses\\n\\n[WHAT \u0026 HOW]\\nhpo_stream_to_link_encoder_mapping has size MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS(=4),\\nbut location can have size up to 6. As a result, it is necessary to\\ncheck location against MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS.\\n\\nSimiliarly, disp_cfg_stream_location can be used as an array index which\\nshould be 0..5, so the ASSERT\u0027s conditions should be less without equal.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: drm/amd/display: Correcci\u00f3n de accesos fuera de los l\u00edmites [QU\u00c9 Y C\u00d3MO] hpo_stream_to_link_encoder_mapping tiene un tama\u00f1o de MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS(=4), pero la ubicaci\u00f3n puede tener un tama\u00f1o de hasta 6. Por lo tanto, es necesario comparar la ubicaci\u00f3n con MAX_HPO_DP2_ENCODERS. De igual forma, disp_cfg_stream_location puede usarse como un \u00edndice de matriz que debe ser de 0 a 5, por lo que las condiciones de ASSERT deben ser menores sin igual.\"}],\"affected\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"affectedData\":[{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"unaffected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml21/dml21_translation_helper.c\",\"drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml2_translation_helper.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4562236b3bc0a28aeb6ee93b2d8a849a4c4e1c7c\",\"lessThan\":\"36793d90d76f667d26c6dd025571481ee0c96abc\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4562236b3bc0a28aeb6ee93b2d8a849a4c4e1c7c\",\"lessThan\":\"9aedc776b11038f04f4641241bb7e877781e4aa4\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"4562236b3bc0a28aeb6ee93b2d8a849a4c4e1c7c\",\"lessThan\":\"8adbb2a98b00926315fd513b5fe2596b5716b82d\",\"versionType\":\"git\",\"status\":\"affected\"}]},{\"vendor\":\"Linux\",\"product\":\"Linux\",\"defaultStatus\":\"affected\",\"programFiles\":[\"drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml21/dml21_translation_helper.c\",\"drivers/gpu/drm/amd/display/dc/dml2/dml2_translation_helper.c\"],\"repo\":\"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git\",\"versions\":[{\"version\":\"4.15\",\"status\":\"affected\"},{\"version\":\"0\",\"lessThan\":\"4.15\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.12.20\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.12.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.13.8\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"6.13.*\",\"versionType\":\"semver\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"},{\"version\":\"6.14\",\"lessThanOrEqual\":\"*\",\"versionType\":\"original_commit_for_fix\",\"status\":\"unaffected\"}]}]}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"type\":\"Secondary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.8,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.9},{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":7.1,\"baseSeverity\":\"HIGH\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"HIGH\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":5.2}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-125\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"4.15\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.20\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"A7B9F4AE-C607-4D4D-B98D-5E6C504248CE\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.13.8\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0A20D4D7-B329-4C68-B662-76062EA7DCF0\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"186716B6-2B66-4BD0-852E-D48E71C0C85F\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36793d90d76f667d26c6dd025571481ee0c96abc\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8adbb2a98b00926315fd513b5fe2596b5716b82d\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9aedc776b11038f04f4641241bb7e877781e4aa4\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}",
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-30T09:37:27+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21985",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21985",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-01T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: drm/amd/display: Fix out-of-bound accesses",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-21985.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-07-25T01:01:39Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-21985",
      "id": "CVE-2025-21985",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-04-02T08:57:08Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "394",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "278",
      "product_status:recommended": "395",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-21985",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-21985.json",
      "version": "41"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.


Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.