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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp/dccp: Don\u0027t use timer_pending() in reqsk_queue_unlink().\n\nMartin KaFai Lau reported use-after-free [0] in reqsk_timer_handler().\n\n  \"\"\"\n  We are seeing a use-after-free from a bpf prog attached to\n  trace_tcp_retransmit_synack. The program passes the req-\u003esk to the\n  bpf_sk_storage_get_tracing kernel helper which does check for null\n  before using it.\n  \"\"\"\n\nThe commit 83fccfc3940c (\"inet: fix potential deadlock in\nreqsk_queue_unlink()\") added timer_pending() in reqsk_queue_unlink() not\nto call del_timer_sync() from reqsk_timer_handler(), but it introduced a\nsmall race window.\n\nBefore the timer is called, expire_timers() calls detach_timer(timer, true)\nto clear timer-\u003eentry.pprev and marks it as not pending.\n\nIf reqsk_queue_unlink() checks timer_pending() just after expire_timers()\ncalls detach_timer(), TCP will miss del_timer_sync(); the reqsk timer will\ncontinue running and send multiple SYN+ACKs until it expires.\n\nThe reported UAF could happen if req-\u003esk is close()d earlier than the timer\nexpiration, which is 63s by default.\n\nThe scenario would be\n\n  1. inet_csk_complete_hashdance() calls inet_csk_reqsk_queue_drop(),\n     but del_timer_sync() is missed\n\n  2. reqsk timer is executed and scheduled again\n\n  3. req-\u003esk is accept()ed and reqsk_put() decrements rsk_refcnt, but\n     reqsk timer still has another one, and inet_csk_accept() does not\n     clear req-\u003esk for non-TFO sockets\n\n  4. sk is close()d\n\n  5. reqsk timer is executed again, and BPF touches req-\u003esk\n\nLet\u0027s not use timer_pending() by passing the caller context to\n__inet_csk_reqsk_queue_drop().\n\nNote that reqsk timer is pinned, so the issue does not happen in most\nuse cases. [1]\n\n[0]\nBUG: KFENCE: use-after-free read in bpf_sk_storage_get_tracing+0x2e/0x1b0\n\nUse-after-free read at 0x00000000a891fb3a (in kfence-#1):\nbpf_sk_storage_get_tracing+0x2e/0x1b0\nbpf_prog_5ea3e95db6da0438_tcp_retransmit_synack+0x1d20/0x1dda\nbpf_trace_run2+0x4c/0xc0\ntcp_rtx_synack+0xf9/0x100\nreqsk_timer_handler+0xda/0x3d0\nrun_timer_softirq+0x292/0x8a0\nirq_exit_rcu+0xf5/0x320\nsysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x6d/0x80\nasm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x16/0x20\nintel_idle_irq+0x5a/0xa0\ncpuidle_enter_state+0x94/0x273\ncpu_startup_entry+0x15e/0x260\nstart_secondary+0x8a/0x90\nsecondary_startup_64_no_verify+0xfa/0xfb\n\nkfence-#1: 0x00000000a72cc7b6-0x00000000d97616d9, size=2376, cache=TCPv6\n\nallocated by task 0 on cpu 9 at 260507.901592s:\nsk_prot_alloc+0x35/0x140\nsk_clone_lock+0x1f/0x3f0\ninet_csk_clone_lock+0x15/0x160\ntcp_create_openreq_child+0x1f/0x410\ntcp_v6_syn_recv_sock+0x1da/0x700\ntcp_check_req+0x1fb/0x510\ntcp_v6_rcv+0x98b/0x1420\nipv6_list_rcv+0x2258/0x26e0\nnapi_complete_done+0x5b1/0x2990\nmlx5e_napi_poll+0x2ae/0x8d0\nnet_rx_action+0x13e/0x590\nirq_exit_rcu+0xf5/0x320\ncommon_interrupt+0x80/0x90\nasm_common_interrupt+0x22/0x40\ncpuidle_enter_state+0xfb/0x273\ncpu_startup_entry+0x15e/0x260\nstart_secondary+0x8a/0x90\nsecondary_startup_64_no_verify+0xfa/0xfb\n\nfreed by task 0 on cpu 9 at 260507.927527s:\nrcu_core_si+0x4ff/0xf10\nirq_exit_rcu+0xf5/0x320\nsysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x6d/0x80\nasm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x16/0x20\ncpuidle_enter_state+0xfb/0x273\ncpu_startup_entry+0x15e/0x260\nstart_secondary+0x8a/0x90\nsecondary_startup_64_no_verify+0xfa/0xfb"
        }
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      "metrics": [
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          "cvssV3_1": {
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            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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            {
              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:N - The vulnerability lives in the TCP/DCCP connection-request path and is driven entirely by packets from a remote peer \u2014 a SYN arms the pinned reqsk timer, and a final ACK, RST, or crafted ICMP/ICMPv6 error races `inet_csk_reqsk_queue_drop()` against it. Any internet-facing listening TCP socket is reachable with no local access.\nAC:L - The attacker controls both sides of the race: it chooses when the timer is armed (SYN \u2192 `jiffies + TCP_TIMEOUT_INIT`, 1 s) and when the drop executes (ACK/RST/ICMP at t\u22481 s), and can run thousands of connections in parallel to hit the window reliably. The `TIMER_PINNED` same-CPU argument is defeated by attacker-chosen droppers that run on a different CPU \u2014 ICMP errors via `tcp_req_err()`, plus `tcp_abort()` and `inet_twsk_purge()` in process/workqueue context.\nPR:N - The entire path is pre-authentication TCP three-way-handshake and ICMP error handling in the kernel network stack, executed before any application-level credential check. An unauthenticated remote host merely needs to connect to a listening port.\nUI:N - No victim action is required; the server\u0027s ordinary `accept()`/`close()` lifecycle completes the scenario, and the ICMP and RST droppers need no local activity at all.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to kernel memory within the same security authority \u2014 freed socket objects and listener accept-queue accounting. No VM, IOMMU, or sandbox boundary is crossed.\nC:H - This is a use-after-free read of a freed 2376-byte `struct tcp_sock` (KFENCE-confirmed); `bpf_sk_storage_get()` reads `sk-\u003esk_state` and follows the stale `sk-\u003esk_bpf_storage` pointer, returning `sdata-\u003edata` to the caller. An attacker who grooms the reallocated slab object turns that into an arbitrary kernel read primitive.\nI:H - The same UAF yields a write primitive \u2014 with `BPF_SK_STORAGE_GET_F_CREATE` the helper performs `refcount_inc_not_zero(\u0026sk-\u003esk_refcnt)` and `bpf_local_storage_update()` against the freed/reallocated object, and per CVSS kernel guidance a use-after-free is treated as exploitable for control-flow hijacking. Independently, the double `atomic_dec(\u0026queue-\u003eyoung)` persistently corrupts the listener\u0027s SYN-queue accounting.\nA:H - Dereferencing the freed socket oopses or panics the kernel, and the condition is remotely repeatable across many connections. Even without a crash, each hijacked request floods SYN+ACK retransmissions for ~63 s and the underflowed `young` counter permanently clamps `max_syn_ack_retries` to 2, degrading the listener for its remaining lifetime."
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      "title": "tcp/dccp: Don\u0027t use timer_pending() in reqsk_queue_unlink().",
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsunrpc: fix one UAF issue caused by sunrpc kernel tcp socket\n\nBUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in tcp_write_timer_handler+0x156/0x3e0\nRead of size 1 at addr ffff888111f322cd by task swapper/0/0\n\nCPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc4-dirty #7\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1\nCall Trace:\n \u003cIRQ\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0\n print_address_description.constprop.0+0x2c/0x3d0\n print_report+0xb4/0x270\n kasan_report+0xbd/0xf0\n tcp_write_timer_handler+0x156/0x3e0\n tcp_write_timer+0x66/0x170\n call_timer_fn+0xfb/0x1d0\n __run_timers+0x3f8/0x480\n run_timer_softirq+0x9b/0x100\n handle_softirqs+0x153/0x390\n __irq_exit_rcu+0x103/0x120\n irq_exit_rcu+0xe/0x20\n sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x76/0x90\n \u003c/IRQ\u003e\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20\nRIP: 0010:default_idle+0xf/0x20\nCode: 4c 01 c7 4c 29 c2 e9 72 ff ff ff 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90\n 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 66 90 0f 00 2d 33 f8 25 00 fb f4 \u003cfa\u003e c3 cc cc cc\n cc 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 90 90 90 90 90\nRSP: 0018:ffffffffa2007e28 EFLAGS: 00000242\nRAX: 00000000000f3b31 RBX: 1ffffffff4400fc7 RCX: ffffffffa09c3196\nRDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffffff9f00590f\nRBP: 0000000000000000 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffffed102360835d\nR10: ffff88811b041aeb R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000000\nR13: ffffffffa202d7c0 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 00000000000147d0\n default_idle_call+0x6b/0xa0\n cpuidle_idle_call+0x1af/0x1f0\n do_idle+0xbc/0x130\n cpu_startup_entry+0x33/0x40\n rest_init+0x11f/0x210\n start_kernel+0x39a/0x420\n x86_64_start_reservations+0x18/0x30\n x86_64_start_kernel+0x97/0xa0\n common_startup_64+0x13e/0x141\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nAllocated by task 595:\n kasan_save_stack+0x24/0x50\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n __kasan_slab_alloc+0x87/0x90\n kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x12b/0x3f0\n copy_net_ns+0x94/0x380\n create_new_namespaces+0x24c/0x500\n unshare_nsproxy_namespaces+0x75/0xf0\n ksys_unshare+0x24e/0x4f0\n __x64_sys_unshare+0x1f/0x30\n do_syscall_64+0x70/0x180\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n\nFreed by task 100:\n kasan_save_stack+0x24/0x50\n kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30\n kasan_save_free_info+0x3b/0x60\n __kasan_slab_free+0x54/0x70\n kmem_cache_free+0x156/0x5d0\n cleanup_net+0x5d3/0x670\n process_one_work+0x776/0xa90\n worker_thread+0x2e2/0x560\n kthread+0x1a8/0x1f0\n ret_from_fork+0x34/0x60\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n\nReproduction script:\n\nmkdir -p /mnt/nfsshare\nmkdir -p /mnt/nfs/netns_1\nmkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb\nmount /dev/sdb /mnt/nfsshare\nsystemctl restart nfs-server\nchmod 777 /mnt/nfsshare\nexportfs -i -o rw,no_root_squash *:/mnt/nfsshare\n\nip netns add netns_1\nip link add name veth_1_peer type veth peer veth_1\nifconfig veth_1_peer 11.11.0.254 up\nip link set veth_1 netns netns_1\nip netns exec netns_1 ifconfig veth_1 11.11.0.1\n\nip netns exec netns_1 /root/iptables -A OUTPUT -d 11.11.0.254 -p tcp \\\n\t--tcp-flags FIN FIN  -j DROP\n\n(note: In my environment, a DESTROY_CLIENTID operation is always sent\n immediately, breaking the nfs tcp connection.)\nip netns exec netns_1 timeout -s 9 300 mount -t nfs -o proto=tcp,vers=4.1 \\\n\t11.11.0.254:/mnt/nfsshare /mnt/nfs/netns_1\n\nip netns del netns_1\n\nThe reason here is that the tcp socket in netns_1 (nfs side) has been\nshutdown and closed (done in xs_destroy), but the FIN message (with ack)\nis discarded, and the nfsd side keeps sending retransmission messages.\nAs a result, when the tcp sock in netns_1 processes the received message,\nit sends the message (FIN message) in the sending queue, and the tcp timer\nis re-established. When the network namespace is deleted, the net structure\naccessed by tcp\u0027s timer handler function causes problems.\n\nTo fix this problem, let\u0027s hold netns refcnt for the tcp kernel socket as\ndone in other modules. This is an ugly hack which can easily be backported\nto earlier kernels. A proper fix which cleans up the interfaces will\nfollow, but may not be so easy to backport."
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              "value": "AV:L - Triggering the UAF requires local operations \u2014 creating a network namespace via unshare(CLONE_NEWNET), establishing a sunrpc TCP transport in it, and destroying the namespace so cleanup_net() frees the struct net. A remote peer only controls the enabling condition (withholding the FIN ACK so the retransmit timer stays armed); it cannot initiate the namespace teardown that constitutes the free.\nAC:L - The upstream reproducer is a deterministic script: the attacker controls both sides \u2014 keeping the TCP retransmit timer armed (drop the FIN, or use a peer that never ACKs) and the timing of the netns deletion. No condition depends on chance or on state the attacker cannot influence.\nPR:L - The freeing half of the UAF is driven by the ordinary, unprivileged unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) syscall path shown in the KASAN allocation trace, and in containerized deployments the namespace-confined \"root\" that creates the netns, mounts NFS, and tears the netns down is an unprivileged principal on the host. Choosing the higher severity where privilege attribution is ambiguous, this is Low rather than High.\nUI:N - The entire sequence \u2014 namespace creation, RPC transport setup, blocking the FIN, and namespace deletion \u2014 is performed by the attacker\u0027s own processes. No action by a separate victim user is needed.\nS:U - The use-after-free corrupts kernel memory and is exploited within the kernel\u0027s own security authority; there is no crossing into a different security scope such as a hypervisor or IOMMU boundary.\nC:H - tcp_retransmit_timer() reads sysctl fields and the net-\u003emib percpu pointer out of the freed struct net; with the net_namespace slab object reclaimed by attacker-groomed allocations this becomes a controlled read primitive, and per guidance any use-after-free is scored High.\nI:H - __NET_INC_STATS() dereferences and increments through a percpu pointer loaded from the freed struct net, giving a write through an attacker-influenceable stale pointer; a use-after-free of a groomable slab object is exploitable for heap manipulation and control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The confirmed observable effect is a KASAN slab-use-after-free in tcp_write_timer_handler() executing in softirq/IRQ context on the idle CPU, which readily oopses or panics the machine."
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: sched: fix ets qdisc OOB Indexing\n\nHaowei Yan \u003cg1042620637@gmail.com\u003e found that ets_class_from_arg() can\nindex an Out-Of-Bound class in ets_class_from_arg() when passed clid of\n0. The overflow may cause local privilege escalation.\n\n [   18.852298] ------------[ cut here ]------------\n [   18.853271] UBSAN: array-index-out-of-bounds in net/sched/sch_ets.c:93:20\n [   18.853743] index 18446744073709551615 is out of range for type \u0027ets_class [16]\u0027\n [   18.854254] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1275 Comm: poc Not tainted 6.12.6-dirty #17\n [   18.854821] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.15.0-1 04/01/2014\n [   18.856532] Call Trace:\n [   18.857441]  \u003cTASK\u003e\n [   18.858227]  dump_stack_lvl+0xc2/0xf0\n [   18.859607]  dump_stack+0x10/0x20\n [   18.860908]  __ubsan_handle_out_of_bounds+0xa7/0xf0\n [   18.864022]  ets_class_change+0x3d6/0x3f0\n [   18.864322]  tc_ctl_tclass+0x251/0x910\n [   18.864587]  ? lock_acquire+0x5e/0x140\n [   18.865113]  ? __mutex_lock+0x9c/0xe70\n [   18.866009]  ? __mutex_lock+0xa34/0xe70\n [   18.866401]  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x170/0x6f0\n [   18.866806]  ? __lock_acquire+0x578/0xc10\n [   18.867184]  ? __pfx_rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x10/0x10\n [   18.867503]  netlink_rcv_skb+0x59/0x110\n [   18.867776]  rtnetlink_rcv+0x15/0x30\n [   18.868159]  netlink_unicast+0x1c3/0x2b0\n [   18.868440]  netlink_sendmsg+0x239/0x4b0\n [   18.868721]  ____sys_sendmsg+0x3e2/0x410\n [   18.869012]  ___sys_sendmsg+0x88/0xe0\n [   18.869276]  ? rseq_ip_fixup+0x198/0x260\n [   18.869563]  ? rseq_update_cpu_node_id+0x10a/0x190\n [   18.869900]  ? trace_hardirqs_off+0x5a/0xd0\n [   18.870196]  ? syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0xcc/0x220\n [   18.870547]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\n [   18.870821]  ? __memcg_slab_free_hook+0x69/0x290\n [   18.871157]  __sys_sendmsg+0x69/0xd0\n [   18.871416]  __x64_sys_sendmsg+0x1d/0x30\n [   18.871699]  x64_sys_call+0x9e2/0x2670\n [   18.871979]  do_syscall_64+0x87/0x150\n [   18.873280]  ? do_syscall_64+0x93/0x150\n [   18.874742]  ? lock_release+0x7b/0x160\n [   18.876157]  ? do_user_addr_fault+0x5ce/0x8f0\n [   18.877833]  ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0xc2/0x210\n [   18.879608]  ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0\n [   18.879808]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [   18.880023]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [   18.880223]  ? clear_bhb_loop+0x15/0x70\n [   18.880426]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e\n [   18.880683] RIP: 0033:0x44a957\n [   18.880851] Code: ff ff e8 fc 00 00 00 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 66 90 f3 0f 1e fa 64 8b 04 25 18 00 00 00 85 c0 75 10 b8 2e 00 00 00 0f 05 \u003c48\u003e 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 51 c3 48 83 ec 28 89 54 24 1c 48 8974 24 10\n [   18.881766] RSP: 002b:00007ffcdd00fad8 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e\n [   18.882149] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffcdd010db8 RCX: 000000000044a957\n [   18.882507] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffcdd00fb70 RDI: 0000000000000003\n [   18.885037] RBP: 00007ffcdd010bc0 R08: 000000000703c770 R09: 000000000703c7c0\n [   18.887203] R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000001\n [   18.888026] R13: 00007ffcdd010da8 R14: 00000000004ca7d0 R15: 0000000000000001\n [   18.888395]  \u003c/TASK\u003e\n [   18.888610] ---[ end trace ]---"
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