Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-116

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.

630 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-27016 (GCVE-0-2026-27016)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-20 01:34 – Updated: 2026-02-20 15:34
VLAI
Title
LibreNMS has Stored XSS in Custom OID - unit parameter missing strip_tags()
Summary
LibreNMS is an auto-discovering PHP/MySQL/SNMP based network monitoring tool. Versions 24.10.0 through 26.1.1 are vulnerable to Stored XSS via the unit parameter in Custom OID. The Custom OID functionality lacks strip_tags() sanitization while other fields (name, oid, datatype) are sanitized. The unsanitized value is stored in the database and rendered without HTML escaping. This issue is fixed in version 26.2.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
librenms librenms Affected: >= 24.10.0, < 26.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-27013 (GCVE-0-2026-27013)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 19:38 – Updated: 2026-02-19 21:21
VLAI
Title
Fabric.js Affected by Stored XSS via SVG Export
Summary
Fabric.js is a Javascript HTML5 canvas library. Prior to version 7.2.0, Fabric.js applies `escapeXml()` to text content during SVG export (`src/shapes/Text/TextSVGExportMixin.ts:186`) but fails to apply it to other user-controlled string values that are interpolated into SVG attribute markup. When attacker-controlled JSON is loaded via `loadFromJSON()` and later exported via `toSVG()`, the unescaped values break out of XML attributes and inject arbitrary SVG elements including event handlers. Any application that accepts user-supplied JSON (via `loadFromJSON()`, collaborative sharing, import features, CMS plugins) and renders the `toSVG()` output in a browser context (SVG preview, export download rendered in-page, email template, embed) is vulnerable to stored XSS. An attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the victim's browser session. Version 7.2.0 contains a fix.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
fabricjs fabric.js Affected: < 7.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26953 (GCVE-0-2026-26953)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 22:50 – Updated: 2026-02-20 15:39
VLAI
Title
Pi-hole Web Interface has Stored HTML Injection via X-Forwarded-For Header in Active Sessions Table
Summary
Pi-hole Admin Interface is a web interface for managing Pi-hole, a network-level ad and internet tracker blocking application. Versions 6.0 and above have a Stored HTML Injection vulnerability in the active sessions table located on the API settings page, allowing an attacker with valid credentials to inject arbitrary HTML code that will be rendered in the browser of any administrator who visits the active sessions page. The rowCallback function contains the value data.x_forwarded_for, which is directly concatenated into an HTML string and inserted into the DOM using jQuery’s .html() method. This method interprets the content as HTML, which means that any HTML tags present in the value will be parsed and rendered by the browser. An attacker can use common tools such as curl, wget, Python requests, Burp Suite, or even JavaScript fetch() to send an authentication request with an X-Forwarded-For header that contains malicious HTML code instead of a legitimate IP address. Since Pi-hole implements a Content Security Policy (CSP) that blocks inline JavaScript, the impact is limited to pure HTML injection without the ability to execute scripts. This issue has been fixed in version 6.4.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pi-hole web Affected: < 6.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26952 (GCVE-0-2026-26952)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 22:43 – Updated: 2026-02-20 15:40
VLAI
Title
Pi-hole Web Interface has Stored HTML Injection via Local DNS Records (CNAME/Hosts) in data-tag Attribute
Summary
Pi-hole Admin Interface is a web interface for managing Pi-hole, a network-level ad and internet tracker blocking application. Versions 6.4 and below are vulnerable to stored HTML injection through the local DNS records configuration page, which allows an authenticated administrator to inject code that is stored in the Pi-hole configuration and rendered every time the DNS records table is viewed. The populateDataTable() function contains a data variable with the full DNS record value exactly as entered by the user and returned by the API. This value is inserted directly into the data-tag HTML attribute without any escaping or sanitization of special characters. When an attacker supplies a value containing double quotes ("), they can prematurely “close” the data-tag attribute and inject additional HTML attributes into the element. Since Pi-hole implements a Content Security Policy (CSP) that blocks inline JavaScript, the impact is limited. This issue has been fixed in version 6.4.1.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
pi-hole web Affected: < 6.4.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26028 (GCVE-0-2026-26028)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-20 18:51 – Updated: 2026-05-20 19:33
VLAI
Title
CryptPad: Sanitizer Bypass in Diffmarked.js Allows Arbitrary HTML Injection and Potential XSS
Summary
CryptPad is an end-to-end encrypted collaborative office suite. In versions prior to 2026.2.0, the HTML sanitizer in Diffmarked.js can be bypassed due to incomplete attribute filtering on restricted tags. The sanitizer validates only the src attribute of <iframe>, <video>, and <audio> elements, leaving all other attributes unchecked. As a result, an attacker can inject arbitrary HTML through srcdoc, completely defeating CryptPad's intended bounce sandboxing and enabling link injection or other interactive content within user-controlled documents. The root cause lies in how the sanitizer classifies and enforces tag restrictions: although it defines both forbidden and restricted tag lists, <iframe> is treated as "restricted" rather than "forbidden." Enforcement then inspects only the src attribute, so pairing a benign blob: src with a malicious srcdoc results in unrestricted rendering. This issue has been fixed in version 2026.2.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
cryptpad cryptpad Affected: < 2026.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-26027 (GCVE-0-2026-26027)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 14:35 – Updated: 2026-04-07 03:55
VLAI
Title
GLPI has an Unauthenticated Stored XSS via inventory
Summary
GLPI is a free asset and IT management software package. From 11.0.0 to before 11.0.6, an unauthenticated user can store an XSS payload through the inventory endpoint. This vulnerability is fixed in 11.0.6.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-306 - Missing Authentication for Critical Function
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
glpi-project glpi Affected: >= 11.0.0, < 11.0.6
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25940 (GCVE-0-2026-25940)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 15:26 – Updated: 2026-07-20 12:04
VLAI
Title
jsPDF's PDF Injection in AcroForm module allows Arbitrary JavaScript Execution (RadioButton.createOption and "AS" property)
Summary
jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of properties and methods of the Acroform module allows users to inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions. If given the possibility to pass unsanitized input to one of the following property, a user can inject arbitrary PDF objects, such as JavaScript actions, which are executed when the victim hovers over the radio option. The vulnerability has been fixed in jsPDF@4.2.0. As a workaround, sanitize user input before passing it to the vulnerable API members.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parallax jsPDF Affected: < 4.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.8 Unaffected: 1775594119 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.8::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 Unaffected: 1775594284 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.9::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25932 (GCVE-0-2026-25932)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-06 14:31 – Updated: 2026-04-07 13:07
VLAI
Title
GLPI has Stored XSS in Supplier 'Website' field
Summary
GLPI is a Free Asset and IT Management Software package. From 0.60 to before 10.0.24, an authenticated technician user can store an XSS payload in a supplier fields. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.0.24.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
glpi-project glpi Affected: >= 0.60, < 10.0.24
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25755 (GCVE-0-2026-25755)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-19 14:41 – Updated: 2026-07-20 12:04
VLAI
Title
jsPDF has PDF Object Injection via Unsanitized Input in addJS Method
Summary
jsPDF is a library to generate PDFs in JavaScript. Prior to 4.2.0, user control of the argument of the `addJS` method allows an attacker to inject arbitrary PDF objects into the generated document. By crafting a payload that escapes the JavaScript string delimiter, an attacker can execute malicious actions or alter the document structure, impacting any user who opens the generated PDF. The vulnerability has been fixed in jspdf@4.2.0. As a workaround, escape parentheses in user-provided JavaScript code before passing them to the `addJS` method.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
parallax jsPDF Affected: < 4.2.0
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.8 Unaffected: 1775594119 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.8::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security 4.9 Unaffected: 1775594284 , < * (rpm)
    cpe:/a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.9::el8
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-25543 (GCVE-0-2026-25543)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-04 21:45 – Updated: 2026-02-05 18:24
VLAI
Title
HtmlSanitizer has a bypass via template tag
Summary
HtmlSanitizer is a .NET library for cleaning HTML fragments and documents from constructs that can lead to XSS attacks. Prior to versions 9.0.892 and 9.1.893-beta, if the template tag is allowed, its contents are not sanitized. The template tag is a special tag that does not usually render its contents, unless the shadowrootmode attribute is set to open or closed. This issue has been patched in versions 9.0.892 and 9.1.893-beta.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
mganss HtmlSanitizer Affected: < 9.0.892
Affected: < 9.1.893-beta
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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Mitigation MIT-4.3
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
  • Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Parameterization

  • If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
  • For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).

Mitigation
Requirements

Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.

Mitigation
Implementation

When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.

CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting

An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.

CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename

An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.

CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering

Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.

CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting

This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.