Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14653 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-6CQC-V7X2-3R77

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-21 15:31
VLAI
Details

The ELEX WordPress HelpDesk & Customer Ticketing System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'eh_crm_remove_agent' function in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to remove the role and capabilities of any user with an Administrator, WSDesk Supervisor, or WSDesk Agents role.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-10054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T13:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The ELEX WordPress HelpDesk \u0026 Customer Ticketing System plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027eh_crm_remove_agent\u0027 function in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.1. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to remove the role and capabilities of any user with an Administrator, WSDesk Supervisor, or WSDesk Agents role.",
  "id": "GHSA-6cqc-v7x2-3r77",
  "modified": "2025-11-21T15:31:25Z",
  "published": "2025-11-21T15:31:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/elex-helpdesk-customer-support-ticket-system/trunk/includes/class-crm-ajax-functions-two.php#L77"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3399391"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/07c92f79-94ac-4153-9ab2-9608601508b0?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6CRM-V898-7XX4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-06 09:30 – Updated: 2022-12-07 18:30
VLAI
Details

In power management service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to set up power management service with no additional execution privileges needed.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-39102"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-06T07:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In power management service, there is a missing permission check. This could lead to set up power management service with no additional execution privileges needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-6crm-v898-7xx4",
  "modified": "2022-12-07T18:30:27Z",
  "published": "2022-12-06T09:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-39102"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1599588060988411006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1610118225591336001"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6CWP-PXJ6-56C7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:25
VLAI
Details

It was discovered that libvirtd before versions 4.10.1 and 5.4.1 would permit read-only clients to use the virDomainSaveImageGetXMLDesc() API, specifying an arbitrary path which would be accessed with the permissions of the libvirtd process. An attacker with access to the libvirtd socket could use this to probe the existence of arbitrary files, cause denial of service or cause libvirtd to execute arbitrary programs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-10161"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-30T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "It was discovered that libvirtd before versions 4.10.1 and 5.4.1 would permit read-only clients to use the virDomainSaveImageGetXMLDesc() API, specifying an arbitrary path which would be accessed with the permissions of the libvirtd process. An attacker with access to the libvirtd socket could use this to probe the existence of arbitrary files, cause denial of service or cause libvirtd to execute arbitrary programs.",
  "id": "GHSA-6cwp-pxj6-56c7",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:25:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:51:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/libvirt-privesc-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-10161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://libvirt.org/git/?p=libvirt.git%3Ba=commit%3Bh=aed6a032cead4386472afb24b16196579e239580"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://libvirt.org/git/?p=libvirt.git;a=commit;h=aed6a032cead4386472afb24b16196579e239580"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202003-18"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4047-2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6CXR-8Q3M-JWRR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-16 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-09 23:39
VLAI
Summary
Ray Missing Authorization vulnerability
Details

LFI in Ray's /static/ directory allows attackers to read any file on the server without authentication. The issue is fixed in version 2.8.1+. Ray maintainers response can be found here: https://www.anyscale.com/blog/update-on-ray-cves-cve-2023-6019-cve-2023-6020-cve-2023-6021-cve-2023-48022-cve-2023-48023

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "ray"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.8.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6020"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-598",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-11-27T23:21:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-16T21:15:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "LFI in Ray\u0027s /static/ directory allows attackers to read any file on the server without authentication. The issue is fixed in version 2.8.1+. Ray maintainers response can be found here: https://www.anyscale.com/blog/update-on-ray-cves-cve-2023-6019-cve-2023-6020-cve-2023-6021-cve-2023-48022-cve-2023-48023",
  "id": "GHSA-6cxr-8q3m-jwrr",
  "modified": "2025-01-09T23:39:13Z",
  "published": "2023-11-16T21:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6020"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ray-project/ray/releases/tag/ray-2.8.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/83dd8619-6dc3-4c98-8f1b-e620fedcd1f6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.anyscale.com/blog/update-on-ray-cves-cve-2023-6019-cve-2023-6020-cve-2023-6021-cve-2023-48022-cve-2023-48023"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Ray Missing Authorization vulnerability"
}

GHSA-6F2W-QQ5X-FPG9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-11 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32
VLAI
Details

The Linkz.ai plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'check_auth' and 'check_logout' functions in versions up to, and including, 1.1.8. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9586"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-11T13:15:19Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Linkz.ai plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027check_auth\u0027 and \u0027check_logout\u0027 functions in versions up to, and including, 1.1.8. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-6f2w-qq5x-fpg9",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:54Z",
  "published": "2024-10-11T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9586"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/linkz-ai/tags/1.1.8/init.php#L142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/linkz-ai/tags/1.1.8/init.php#L159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3168515%40linkz-ai\u0026new=3168515%40linkz-ai\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=#file2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b4b4ca5b-c806-4b68-acb8-6b63d6ca5728?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6F3F-79VG-XW6W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-11 09:30 – Updated: 2024-01-11 09:30
VLAI
Details

The CAOS | Host Google Analytics Locally plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the 'update_settings' function in versions up to, and including, 4.7.14. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-6637"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T09:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The CAOS | Host Google Analytics Locally plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the \u0027update_settings\u0027 function in versions up to, and including, 4.7.14. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-6f3f-79vg-xw6w",
  "modified": "2024-01-11T09:30:35Z",
  "published": "2024-01-11T09:30:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6637"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/host-analyticsjs-local/tags/4.7.12/includes/class-caos.php#L414"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3008878/host-analyticsjs-local#file8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3009011/host-analyticsjs-local#file5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5ec1fd03-f865-4f58-b63b-e70c0c7e701d?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6F3Q-67GR-5V5R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-09 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Jose Vega Display custom fields in the frontend – Post and User Profile Fields allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Display custom fields in the frontend – Post and User Profile Fields: from n/a through 1.2.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-31073"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-09T13:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Jose Vega Display custom fields in the frontend \u2013 Post and User Profile Fields allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Display custom fields in the frontend \u2013 Post and User Profile Fields: from n/a through 1.2.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-6f3q-67gr-5v5r",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:18Z",
  "published": "2024-12-09T15:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31073"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/shortcode-to-display-post-and-user-data/vulnerability/wordpress-shortcode-to-display-post-and-user-data-plugin-1-2-0-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6F4Q-H249-VF5Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 03:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 03:30
VLAI
Details

The Hide Links plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized shortcode execution due to do_shortcode being hooked through the comment_text filter in all versions up to and including 1.4.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes available on the target site.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9578"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T02:15:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Hide Links plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized shortcode execution due to do_shortcode being hooked through the comment_text filter in all versions up to and including 1.4.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary shortcodes available on the target site.",
  "id": "GHSA-6f4q-h249-vf5q",
  "modified": "2024-11-13T03:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-11-13T03:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9578"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/hide-links/trunk/class.hidelinks.php#L21"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4198bbb2-3aff-492e-a781-b0c9477baf6c?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-6F54-3QR9-PJGJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-01-30 21:22 – Updated: 2021-01-08 20:32
VLAI
Summary
Unauthenticated Access Via OAI-PMH
Details

Impact

Media publication via OAI-PMH allows unauthenticated public access to all media and metadata by default. OAI-PMH is part of the default workflow and is activated by default, requiring active user intervention of users to protect media. This leads to users unknowingly handing out public access to events without their knowledge.

Patches

The problem has been addressed in Opencast 7.6 and 8.1 where the OAI-PMH endpoint is configured to require users with ROLE_ADMIN by default. In addition to this, Opencast 9 removes the OAI-PMH publication from the default workflow, making the publication a conscious decision users have to make by updating their workflows.

Workarounds

In the organization security configuration (etc/security/mh_default_org.xml), change the roles required for accessing /oaipmh from ROLE_ANONYMOUS to ROLE_ADMIN.

References

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

  • Open an issue in opencast/opencast
  • For security-relevant information, email us at security@opencast.org
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.opencastproject:opencast-oaipmh-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "7.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.opencastproject:opencast-oaipmh-api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-5228"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-01-30T19:48:30Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nMedia publication via OAI-PMH allows unauthenticated public access to all media and metadata by default. OAI-PMH is part of the default workflow and is activated by default, requiring active user intervention of users to protect media. This leads to users unknowingly handing out public access to events without their knowledge.\n\n\n### Patches\n\nThe problem has been addressed in Opencast 7.6 and 8.1 where the OAI-PMH endpoint is configured to require users with `ROLE_ADMIN` by default. In addition to this, Opencast 9 removes the OAI-PMH publication from the default workflow, making the publication a conscious decision users have to make by updating their workflows.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nIn the organization security configuration (`etc/security/mh_default_org.xml`), change the roles required for accessing `/oaipmh` from `ROLE_ANONYMOUS` to `ROLE_ADMIN`.\n\n### References\n\n- [Public access configuration in the organization\u0027s security configuration](https://github.com/opencast/opencast/blob/1fb812c7810c78f09f29a7f455ff920417924307/etc/security/mh_default_org.xml#L271-L276)\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n- Open an issue in [opencast/opencast](https://github.com/opencast/opencast/issues)\n- For security-relevant information, email us at security@opencast.org",
  "id": "GHSA-6f54-3qr9-pjgj",
  "modified": "2021-01-08T20:32:00Z",
  "published": "2020-01-30T21:22:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencast/opencast/security/advisories/GHSA-6f54-3qr9-pjgj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5228"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/opencast/opencast/blob/1fb812c7810c78f09f29a7f455ff920417924307/etc/security/mh_default_org.xml#L271-L276"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Unauthenticated Access Via OAI-PMH"
}

GHSA-6F5W-J868-HG3R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Saleswonder 5 Stars Rating Funnel.This issue affects 5 Stars Rating Funnel: from n/a through 1.2.67.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32725"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-09T17:15:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Saleswonder 5 Stars Rating Funnel.This issue affects 5 Stars Rating Funnel: from n/a through 1.2.67.",
  "id": "GHSA-6f5w-j868-hg3r",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:48Z",
  "published": "2024-06-09T18:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32725"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/5-stars-rating-funnel/vulnerability/wordpress-5-stars-rating-funnel-plugin-1-2-67-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/5-stars-rating-funnel/wordpress-5-stars-rating-funnel-plugin-1-2-67-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.