Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-862

Allowed-with-Review

Missing Authorization

Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

14815 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5Q4R-F47X-9M97

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-01-14 00:31
VLAI
Details

Bitrix24 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows logged-in attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through the PHP command line admin interface. Attackers can leverage the vulnerability by sending crafted POST requests to the administrative endpoint with system commands to execute code with the web application's privileges.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-50911"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-13T23:15:54Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Bitrix24 contains an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows logged-in attackers to execute arbitrary system commands through the PHP command line admin interface. Attackers can leverage the vulnerability by sending crafted POST requests to the administrative endpoint with system commands to execute code with the web application\u0027s privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q4r-f47x-9m97",
  "modified": "2026-01-14T00:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-01-14T00:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50911"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bitrix24.com/apps/desktop.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/bitrix-remote-code-execution-rce-authenticated"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5Q5W-6R9G-CPGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-10 03:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 03:31
VLAI
Details

The Download Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the makeMediaPublic() and makeMediaPrivate() functions in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.51. This is due to the functions only checking for edit_posts capability without verifying post ownership via current_user_can('edit_post', $id), and the destructive operations executing before the admin-level check in mediaAccessControl(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to strip all protection metadata (password, access restrictions, private flag) from any media file they do not own, making admin-protected files publicly accessible via their direct URL.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4057"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-10T02:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Download Manager plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the `makeMediaPublic()` and `makeMediaPrivate()` functions in all versions up to, and including, 3.3.51. This is due to the functions only checking for `edit_posts` capability without verifying post ownership via `current_user_can(\u0027edit_post\u0027, $id)`, and the destructive operations executing before the admin-level check in `mediaAccessControl()`. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to strip all protection metadata (password, access restrictions, private flag) from any media file they do not own, making admin-protected files publicly accessible via their direct URL.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q5w-6r9g-cpgc",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T03:31:10Z",
  "published": "2026-04-10T03:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4057"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/download-manager/tags/3.3.51/src/MediaLibrary/MediaAccessControl.php#L237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/download-manager/tags/3.3.51/src/MediaLibrary/MediaAccessControl.php#L257"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/download-manager/trunk/src/MediaLibrary/MediaAccessControl.php#L237"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/download-manager/trunk/src/MediaLibrary/MediaAccessControl.php#L257"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3492316/download-manager/trunk/src/MediaLibrary/MediaAccessControl.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Fdownload-manager/tags/3.3.51\u0026new_path=%2Fdownload-manager/tags/3.3.52"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a6b02846-61be-4571-921d-53df5493f856?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5Q5X-WQXC-VV25

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-18 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-18 18:30
VLAI
Details

CodeAstro Membership Management System 1.0 contains a missing authentication vulnerability in delete_members.php that allows unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary member records via the id parameter.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-70150"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-18T18:24:20Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "CodeAstro Membership Management System 1.0 contains a missing authentication vulnerability in delete_members.php that allows unauthenticated attackers to delete arbitrary member records via the id parameter.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q5x-wqxc-vv25",
  "modified": "2026-02-18T18:30:40Z",
  "published": "2026-02-18T18:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-70150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.phpscriptsonline.com/product/membership-management-software"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://youngkevinn.github.io/posts/CVE-2025-70150-Membership-Unauth-Delete"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5Q65-HQ89-VXJ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-08 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The Post Lockdown plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.2 via the 'pl_autocomplete' AJAX action due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be included. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to extract data from password protected, private, or draft posts that they should not have access to.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1504"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-08T03:15:37Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Post Lockdown plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.2 via the \u0027pl_autocomplete\u0027 AJAX action due to insufficient restrictions on which posts can be included. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to extract data from password protected, private, or draft posts that they should not have access to.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q65-hq89-vxj6",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:51Z",
  "published": "2025-03-08T03:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1504"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3253378%40post-lockdown\u0026new=3253378%40post-lockdown\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/post-lockdown"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/447cef6f-fa2e-4087-946d-6e0214830ea9?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5Q8W-V8VJ-6R7H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-01 15:31 – Updated: 2024-11-01 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bitly allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Bitly: from n/a through 2.7.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-43209"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-01T15:15:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Bitly allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Bitly: from n/a through 2.7.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q8w-v8vj-6r7h",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "published": "2024-11-01T15:31:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43209"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-bitly/wordpress-bitly-s-wordpress-plugin-plugin-2-7-2-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5Q9W-J2QG-XW5X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:33
VLAI
Details

The Add Multiple Marker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data to due to a missing capability check on the addmultiplemarker_reset_map() and amm_save_map_api() functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the map API and reset maps.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11999"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T04:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Add Multiple Marker plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data to due to a missing capability check on the addmultiplemarker_reset_map() and amm_save_map_api() functions in all versions up to, and including, 1.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the map API and reset maps.",
  "id": "GHSA-5q9w-j2qg-xw5x",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:33:08Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T06:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11999"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/add-multiple-marker/tags/1.2/functions.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3433258"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tinyurl.com/2bcmmpxb"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f4f1467d-1f66-4e99-af44-9329cfe1efac?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QC6-QFJ6-RFXV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-06 18:32 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Missing Authorization vulnerability in ganddser Jock On Air Now (JOAN) joan allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Jock On Air Now (JOAN): from n/a through <= 6.0.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58986"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-06T16:16:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ganddser Jock On Air Now (JOAN) joan allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels.This issue affects Jock On Air Now (JOAN): from n/a through \u003c= 6.0.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qc6-qfj6-rfxv",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:49Z",
  "published": "2025-11-06T18:32:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58986"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/joan/vulnerability/wordpress-jock-on-air-now-joan-plugin-6-0-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/joan/vulnerability/wordpress-jock-on-air-now-joan-plugin-6-0-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/joan/vulnerability/wordpress-jock-on-air-now-joan-plugin-6-0-4-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QHC-78H9-5M5X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-27 00:30 – Updated: 2025-10-27 00:30
VLAI
Details

GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 17.6.0 before 18.3.5, 18.4 before 18.4.3, and 18.5 before 18.5.1 that could have allowed an authenticated attacker to execute unauthorized quick actions by including malicious commands in specific descriptions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11989"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-27T00:15:40Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 17.6.0 before 18.3.5, 18.4 before 18.4.3, and 18.5 before 18.5.1 that could have allowed an authenticated attacker to execute unauthorized quick actions by including malicious commands in specific descriptions.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qhc-78h9-5m5x",
  "modified": "2025-10-27T00:30:50Z",
  "published": "2025-10-27T00:30:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11989"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/10/22/patch-release-gitlab-18-5-1-released"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security/gitlab/-/issues/1426"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QHM-RQFQ-9Q3F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 18:36 – Updated: 2026-04-01 21:30
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in the users MFA feature in Devolutions Server allows an authenticated user to bypass administrator-enforced restrictions and remove their own multi-factor authentication (MFA) configuration via a crafted request.

This issue affects Server: from 2026.1.6 through 2026.1.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-4925"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T16:23:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in the users MFA feature in Devolutions Server allows an authenticated user to bypass administrator-enforced restrictions and remove their own multi-factor authentication (MFA) configuration via a crafted request.\n\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Server: from 2026.1.6 through 2026.1.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qhm-rqfq-9q3f",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2026-04-01T18:36:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4925"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2026-0010"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QHX-GWFJ-6JQR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-06 18:10 – Updated: 2026-02-06 19:06
VLAI
Summary
Gogs user can update repository content with read-only permission
Details

Vulnerability Description

The endpoint PUT /repos/:owner/:repo/contents/* does not require write permissions and allows access with read permission only via repoAssignment().

After passing the permission check, PutContents() invokes UpdateRepoFile(), which results in:

  • Commit creation
  • Execution of git push

As a result, a token with read-only permission can be used to modify repository contents.


Attack Prerequisites

  • Possession of a valid access token
  • Read permission on the target repository (public repository or collaborator with read access)

Attack Scenario

  1. The attacker accesses the target repository with a read-only token
  2. The attacker sends a PUT /contents request to update an arbitrary file
  3. The server creates a commit and performs a git push on behalf of the attacker

Potential Impact

  • Source code tampering
  • Injection of backdoors
  • Compromise of release artifacts and distributed packages
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.13.3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "gogs.io/gogs"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.13.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-23632"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-862",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-06T18:10:05Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-06T18:15:56Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Vulnerability Description\n\nThe endpoint\n`PUT /repos/:owner/:repo/contents/*`\ndoes not require write permissions and allows access with **read permission only** via `repoAssignment()`.\n\nAfter passing the permission check, `PutContents()` invokes `UpdateRepoFile()`, which results in:\n\n* Commit creation\n* Execution of `git push`\n\nAs a result, a token with **read-only permission** can be used to modify repository contents.\n\n---\n\n## Attack Prerequisites\n\n* Possession of a valid access token\n* Read permission on the target repository\n  (public repository or collaborator with read access)\n\n---\n\n## Attack Scenario\n\n1. The attacker accesses the target repository with a read-only token\n2. The attacker sends a `PUT /contents` request to update an arbitrary file\n3. The server creates a commit and performs a git push on behalf of the attacker\n\n---\n\n## Potential Impact\n\n* Source code tampering\n* Injection of backdoors\n* Compromise of release artifacts and distributed packages",
  "id": "GHSA-5qhx-gwfj-6jqr",
  "modified": "2026-02-06T19:06:54Z",
  "published": "2026-02-06T18:10:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gogs/gogs/security/advisories/GHSA-5qhx-gwfj-6jqr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23632"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gogs/gogs/pull/8102/commits/b6afcdb2e8d291e2adaaf6a8b7f88d240606515d"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/gogs/gogs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/gogs/gogs/releases/tag/v0.13.4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": " Gogs user can update repository content with read-only permission"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
  • Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].

Mitigation MIT-4.4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
  • One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
System Configuration Installation

Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.

CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws

An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.