Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15675 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-14191 (GCVE-0-2026-14191)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-01 02:41 – Updated: 2026-07-09 04:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WinRAR / UnRAR RAR5 recovery-volume (.rev) out-of-bounds heap write in RecVolumes5::ReadHeader
Summary
An out-of-bounds heap write exists in the RAR5 recovery-volume (.rev) parser in WinRAR and UnRAR (RecVolumes5::ReadHeader in recvol5.cpp). The RecItems vector is sized only when the first .rev file in a set is processed; subsequent .rev files supply an independent RecNum value that is validated against that file's own TotalCount field but never against the actual size of RecItems. A crafted set of two or more .rev files can therefore write an attacker-controlled 32-bit value (the header's RevCRC field) to RecItems[RecNum] at an attacker-controlled offset up to 65534 * sizeof(RecVolItem) bytes past the allocation, corrupting adjacent heap objects. Triggering requires the victim to run a recovery/test operation on an attacker-supplied .rev set (for example 'unrar t x.part1.rev', WinRAR 'Repair archive', or auto-recovery when extracting a volume set with a missing .rar part). This is the RAR5-path sibling of CVE-2023-40477 (which was fixed in the RAR3 path only in WinRAR 6.23). Fixed in WinRAR / RAR 7.23.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 13:07 UTC
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.rarlab.com/download.htm | patchvendor-advisory |
| https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40477 | related |
| https://www.securin.io/zero-days/cve-2026-14191-w… |
Impacted products
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-14191",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-01T13:07:23.906784Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-01T13:07:52.685Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Windows"
],
"product": "WinRAR",
"vendor": "RARLAB",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7.23",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Windows",
"Linux",
"macOS"
],
"product": "RAR",
"vendor": "RARLAB",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7.23",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Windows",
"Linux",
"macOS"
],
"product": "UnRAR",
"vendor": "RARLAB",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.21",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Windows"
],
"product": "UnRAR.dll",
"vendor": "RARLAB",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "7.23",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Arjun Basnet from Securin"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An out-of-bounds heap write exists in the RAR5 recovery-volume (.rev) parser in WinRAR and UnRAR (RecVolumes5::ReadHeader in recvol5.cpp). The RecItems vector is sized only when the first .rev file in a set is processed; subsequent .rev files supply an independent RecNum value that is validated against that file\u0027s own TotalCount field but never against the actual size of RecItems. A crafted set of two or more .rev files can therefore write an attacker-controlled 32-bit value (the header\u0027s RevCRC field) to RecItems[RecNum] at an attacker-controlled offset up to 65534 * sizeof(RecVolItem) bytes past the allocation, corrupting adjacent heap objects. Triggering requires the victim to run a recovery/test operation on an attacker-supplied .rev set (for example \u0027unrar t x.part1.rev\u0027, WinRAR \u0027Repair archive\u0027, or auto-recovery when extracting a volume set with a missing .rar part). This is the RAR5-path sibling of CVE-2023-40477 (which was fixed in the RAR3 path only in WinRAR 6.23). Fixed in WinRAR / RAR 7.23."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-100",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Overflow Buffers - a controlled out-of-bounds heap write with attacker-controlled offset and attacker-influenced value, giving a memory-corruption primitive that can be used to crash the process (verified DoS) and, per the reporter\u0027s assessment mirroring the RAR3 sibling CVE-2023-40477, can plausibly be leveraged toward remote code execution in the context of the current user. Code execution was not demonstrated by the reporter."
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-129",
"description": "CWE-129 Improper Validation of Array Index",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T04:47:54.319Z",
"orgId": "33c584b5-0579-4c06-b2a0-8d8329fcab9c",
"shortName": "securin"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "WinRAR / RAR 7.23 download (fixed release, 2026-06-30)",
"tags": [
"patch",
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.rarlab.com/download.htm"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2023-40477 - Sibling RAR3-path vulnerability fixed in WinRAR 6.23",
"tags": [
"related"
],
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40477"
},
{
"url": "https://www.securin.io/zero-days/cve-2026-14191-winrar-unrar-rar5-recovery-volume-rev-out-of-bounds-heap-write-in-recvolumes5-readheader"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-03T02:08:00.000Z",
"value": "Vulnerability reported to RARLAB (Eugene Roshal) by Securin"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-03T20:01:00.000Z",
"value": "RARLAB confirmed the findings after independent source review"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-30T07:51:00.000Z",
"value": "WinRAR / RAR 7.23 released with .rev processing fix"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-30T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "CVE-2026-14191 reserved by Securin CNA"
}
],
"title": "WinRAR / UnRAR RAR5 recovery-volume (.rev) out-of-bounds heap write in RecVolumes5::ReadHeader"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "33c584b5-0579-4c06-b2a0-8d8329fcab9c",
"assignerShortName": "securin",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-14191",
"datePublished": "2026-07-01T02:41:39.316Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-30T08:32:07.249Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-09T04:47:54.319Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13732 (GCVE-0-2026-13732)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-31 19:23 – Updated: 2026-09-01 14:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Gdb: gdb: out-of-bounds write in stabs parser read_member_functions() via crafted elf
Summary
A flaw was found in GDB's STABS debug format parser. The
read_member_functions() function in gdb/stabsread.c contains a linked
list removal bug in the code that separates destructor and non-destructor
member functions of C++ classes. The bug causes the destructor entries to
remain in the main function list while the list length counter is
decremented, resulting in an out-of-bounds write when the function list
is copied to its final allocated array. An attacker can craft an ELF
binary with malicious .stab and .stabstr sections that triggers this
out-of-bounds write when a user opens the file in GDB and performs any
symbol-inspection operation such as setting a breakpoint. The inferior
process does not need to be executed. Under controlled conditions, this
was demonstrated to achieve execution of arbitrary commands within the
GDB process.
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-01 14:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-13732 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2494416 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
6 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 |
cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
|
Date Public
2026-08-06 00:00
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13732",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-09-01T14:33:22.469791Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-01T14:59:18.300Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "gdb",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "gdb",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "gdb",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "gdb",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "gdb",
"product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
},
{
"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
"cpes": [
"cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected",
"packageName": "gdb",
"product": "Red Hat Hardened Images",
"vendor": "Red Hat"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Red Hat would like to thank JD Marsters (Bhut Red) for reporting this issue."
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-06T00:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A flaw was found in GDB\u0027s STABS debug format parser. The\nread_member_functions() function in gdb/stabsread.c contains a linked\nlist removal bug in the code that separates destructor and non-destructor\nmember functions of C++ classes. The bug causes the destructor entries to\nremain in the main function list while the list length counter is\ndecremented, resulting in an out-of-bounds write when the function list\nis copied to its final allocated array. An attacker can craft an ELF\nbinary with malicious .stab and .stabstr sections that triggers this\nout-of-bounds write when a user opens the file in GDB and performs any\nsymbol-inspection operation such as setting a breakpoint. The inferior\nprocess does not need to be executed. Under controlled conditions, this\nwas demonstrated to achieve execution of arbitrary commands within the\nGDB process."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
"value": "Important"
},
"type": "Red Hat severity rating"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 7.8,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "Out-of-bounds Write",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-31T19:23:18.741Z",
"orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"shortName": "redhat"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-13732"
},
{
"name": "RHBZ#2494416",
"tags": [
"issue-tracking",
"x_refsource_REDHAT"
],
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2494416"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-29T14:42:56.970Z",
"value": "Reported to Red Hat."
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-08-06T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Made public."
}
],
"title": "Gdb: gdb: out-of-bounds write in stabs parser read_member_functions() via crafted elf",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The following practices would help for avoiding exposure and mitigate this\nflaw:\n- Do not open untrusted or unknown ELF binaries in GDB without first\n stripping debug sections. Use `objcopy --remove-section=.stab\n --remove-section=.stabstr \u003cbinary\u003e` before debugging.\n- Use `readelf -S \u003cbinary\u003e | grep stab` to check for the presence of\n STABS sections before opening a binary in GDB. Legitimate modern\n binaries use DWARF, not STABS.\n- Consider using LLDB or other debuggers that do not support STABS for\n analysis of untrusted binaries.\n- For automated environments (CI, test farms) that invoke GDB on\n potentially untrusted binaries, run GDB in a sandboxed or containerized\n environment with restricted filesystem access.\n- GDB 17+ deprecates STABS support but still parses it. GDB 18 (expected\n late 2026/2027) will remove STABS support entirely.\n- GCC removed STABS emitting in GCC 13 (2023), so legitimately compiled\n binaries from recent GCC versions will not contain STABS data."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
},
"x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
"assignerShortName": "redhat",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13732",
"datePublished": "2026-08-31T19:23:18.741Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-29T14:42:33.339Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-01T14:59:18.300Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13592 (GCVE-0-2026-13592)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-29 17:15 – Updated: 2026-07-01 14:09 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
liftoff-sr CIPster EtherNet IP Message append out-of-bounds write
Summary
A vulnerability was detected in liftoff-sr CIPster up to e8e9dba09bf56962807d3504b783ccdb6287f3e4. Affected by this issue is the function BufWriter::append of the component EtherNet IP Message Handler. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product follows a rolling release approach for continuous delivery, so version details for affected or updated releases are not provided. The patch is named 3a0159ed43125dcd024a1965f0289cb186bae9ff. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-01 14:08 UTC
Assigner
References
9 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374596 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/374596/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13592 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/844566 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/issues/48 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/issues/48#i… | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/user-attachments/files/2845297… | exploit |
| https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/commit/3a01… | patch |
| https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| liftoff-sr | CIPster |
Affected:
e8e9dba09bf56962807d3504b783ccdb6287f3e4
cpe:2.3:a:liftoff-sr:cipster:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13592",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-01T14:08:09.537127Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-01T14:09:20.873Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/issues/48"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"cpes": [
"cpe:2.3:a:liftoff-sr:cipster:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
],
"modules": [
"EtherNet IP Message Handler"
],
"product": "CIPster",
"vendor": "liftoff-sr",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "e8e9dba09bf56962807d3504b783ccdb6287f3e4"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Chuan Wei"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "Carnegie (VulDB User)"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "analyst",
"value": "Carnegie (VulDB User)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A vulnerability was detected in liftoff-sr CIPster up to e8e9dba09bf56962807d3504b783ccdb6287f3e4. Affected by this issue is the function BufWriter::append of the component EtherNet IP Message Handler. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product follows a rolling release approach for continuous delivery, so version details for affected or updated releases are not provided. The patch is named 3a0159ed43125dcd024a1965f0289cb186bae9ff. To fix this issue, it is recommended to deploy a patch."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 6.9,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"version": "4.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
}
},
{
"cvssV3_0": {
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L/E:P/RL:O/RC:C",
"version": "3.0"
}
},
{
"cvssV2_0": {
"baseScore": 7.5,
"vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P/E:POC/RL:OF/RC:C",
"version": "2.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "Out-of-bounds Write",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
},
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-119",
"description": "Memory Corruption",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-06-29T17:15:11.042Z",
"orgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"shortName": "VulDB"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "VDB-374596 | liftoff-sr CIPster EtherNet IP Message append out-of-bounds write",
"tags": [
"vdb-entry",
"technical-description"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/374596"
},
{
"name": "VDB-374596 | CTI Indicators (IOB, IOC, IOA)",
"tags": [
"signature",
"permissions-required"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/374596/cti"
},
{
"name": "CVE-2026-13592 | CVE Analysis and Report",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-13592"
},
{
"name": "Submit #844566 | liftoff-sr CIPster master (reproduced on 1802525be27d33e19a9a83c163e331a1d13b1892) Out-of-bounds Read/Write",
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/844566"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/issues/48"
},
{
"tags": [
"issue-tracking"
],
"url": "https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/issues/48#issuecomment-4596727632"
},
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/28452971/poc.zip"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/commit/3a0159ed43125dcd024a1965f0289cb186bae9ff"
},
{
"tags": [
"product"
],
"url": "https://github.com/liftoff-sr/CIPster/"
}
],
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Vendor acknowledged"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-01T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Exploit disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-29T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Advisory disclosed"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-29T02:00:00.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry created"
},
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-06-29T14:09:12.000Z",
"value": "VulDB entry last update"
}
],
"title": "liftoff-sr CIPster EtherNet IP Message append out-of-bounds write"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "1af790b2-7ee1-4545-860a-a788eba489b5",
"assignerShortName": "VulDB",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13592",
"datePublished": "2026-06-29T17:15:11.042Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-29T05:04:24.896Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-01T14:09:20.873Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13384 (GCVE-0-2026-13384)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 23:05 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WatchGuard Firebox wgagent Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability
Summary
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS wgagent process could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted requests to the Management Web UI.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13384 | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wg… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2025.1 , < 2026.2.1
(custom)
Affected: 12.1 , < 12.12.1 (custom) |
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.1 , < 12.11.9
(custom)
|
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.1 , < 12.5.19
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-07-02 23:05
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13384",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-06T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T03:56:37.194Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Default"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2026.2.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2025.1",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "12.12.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"EUCC"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "12.11.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"T15/T35"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "12.5.19",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.11.9",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.5.19",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2026.2.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "2025.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.12.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Cody Sixteen"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-02T23:05:59.971Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS wgagent process could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted requests to the Management Web UI."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "WatchGuard is not aware of any exploitation of this vulnerability in the wild."
}
],
"value": "WatchGuard is not aware of any exploitation of this vulnerability in the wild."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T22:58:27.286Z",
"orgId": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
"shortName": "WatchGuard"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13384"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2026-00021"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Fireware OS 2026.2.1, Fireware OS 12.12.1, Fireware OS 12.5.19, Fireware OS 12.11.9"
}
],
"value": "Fireware OS 2026.2.1, Fireware OS 12.12.1, Fireware OS 12.5.19, Fireware OS 12.11.9"
}
],
"title": "WatchGuard Firebox wgagent Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
"assignerShortName": "WatchGuard",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13384",
"datePublished": "2026-07-02T23:05:59.971Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-25T22:44:10.384Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T22:58:27.286Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13383 (GCVE-0-2026-13383)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 23:05 – Updated: 2026-08-27 22:58
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
WatchGuard Firebox ikestubd Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability
Summary
An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS ikestubd process could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted requests to the Management Web UI.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-06 00:00 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13383 | vendor-advisory |
| https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wg… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2025.1 , < 2026.2.1
(custom)
Affected: 12.1 , < 12.12.1 (custom) |
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.1 , < 12.11.9
(custom)
|
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.1 , < 12.5.19
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-07-02 23:05
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13383",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-07-06T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-07-07T03:56:38.252Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Default"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2026.2.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2025.1",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "12.12.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"EUCC"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "12.11.9",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"T15/T35"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "12.5.19",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.1",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.11.9",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.5.19",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2026.2.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "2025.1",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.12.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.1",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Cody Sixteen"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-07-02T23:05:53.872Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "An Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in WatchGuard Fireware OS ikestubd process could allow an authenticated privileged user to execute arbitrary code via a specially crafted requests to the Management Web UI."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "WatchGuard is not aware of any exploitation of this vulnerability in the wild."
}
],
"value": "WatchGuard is not aware of any exploitation of this vulnerability in the wild."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 8.6,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T22:58:27.200Z",
"orgId": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
"shortName": "WatchGuard"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13383"
},
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2026-00020"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Fireware OS 2026.2.1, Fireware OS 12.12.1, Fireware OS 12.5.19, Fireware OS 12.11.9"
}
],
"value": "Fireware OS 2026.2.1, Fireware OS 12.12.1, Fireware OS 12.5.19, Fireware OS 12.11.9"
}
],
"title": "WatchGuard Firebox ikestubd Out of Bounds Write Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
"assignerShortName": "WatchGuard",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13383",
"datePublished": "2026-07-02T23:05:53.872Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-25T22:44:09.033Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-27T22:58:27.200Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13216 (GCVE-0-2026-13216)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 16:05 – Updated: 2026-08-25 19:41
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds stack write in Zephyr virtio PCI driver from unvalidated device-supplied capability length
Summary
The virtio PCI driver (drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.c) parses a device's PCI capability list during driver initialization. In virtio_pci_read_cap() the device-supplied capability length byte cap_len (read from PCI config space via pcie_conf_read()) was only checked with assert(tmp.cap_len == cap_struct_size). That assert resolves to __ASSERT_NO_MSG(), gated by CONFIG_ASSERT, which defaults off in production builds, so the value reached the copy logic completely unvalidated.
The length then drives a loop that copies extra capability dwords into a fixed-size stack buffer supplied by the caller. A cap_len below the 24-byte base struct virtio_pci_cap underflows the unsigned extra_data_words count to a near-SIZE_MAX value, producing an effectively unbounded stack write; a cap_len above the caller's buffer (up to 255) writes up to roughly 228 bytes of device-controlled data past the buffer. Both are out-of-bounds writes of attacker-controlled content executed in kernel mode during boot-time device probe.
The input originates from the virtio device. In the common deployment where Zephyr runs as a guest under a hypervisor, the device backend is the host, which already fully outranks the guest, so the bug yields no privilege escalation. The exploitable case is a virtio device that is untrusted relative to the Zephyr kernel — an untrusted or physical/passthrough virtio PCIe device on a bare-metal system, or a confidential-computing posture where the guest must defend against the host — where a malicious device can corrupt the kernel stack and potentially achieve code execution or a crash.
The fix replaces the compiled-out assert with a runtime range check rejecting cap_len outside [sizeof(struct virtio_pci_cap), cap_struct_size] before any arithmetic or copy.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 19:41 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
4.2.0 , < 4.4.2
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13216",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-25T19:41:24.460957Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T19:41:42.446Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "zephyr",
"product": "zephyr",
"programFiles": [
"drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.c"
],
"vendor": "zephyrproject",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "4.4.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.2.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The virtio PCI driver (drivers/virtio/virtio_pci.c) parses a device\u0027s PCI capability list during driver initialization. In virtio_pci_read_cap() the device-supplied capability length byte cap_len (read from PCI config space via pcie_conf_read()) was only checked with assert(tmp.cap_len == cap_struct_size). That assert resolves to __ASSERT_NO_MSG(), gated by CONFIG_ASSERT, which defaults off in production builds, so the value reached the copy logic completely unvalidated.\n\nThe length then drives a loop that copies extra capability dwords into a fixed-size stack buffer supplied by the caller. A cap_len below the 24-byte base struct virtio_pci_cap underflows the unsigned extra_data_words count to a near-SIZE_MAX value, producing an effectively unbounded stack write; a cap_len above the caller\u0027s buffer (up to 255) writes up to roughly 228 bytes of device-controlled data past the buffer. Both are out-of-bounds writes of attacker-controlled content executed in kernel mode during boot-time device probe.\n\nThe input originates from the virtio device. In the common deployment where Zephyr runs as a guest under a hypervisor, the device backend is the host, which already fully outranks the guest, so the bug yields no privilege escalation. The exploitable case is a virtio device that is untrusted relative to the Zephyr kernel \u2014 an untrusted or physical/passthrough virtio PCIe device on a bare-metal system, or a confidential-computing posture where the guest must defend against the host \u2014 where a malicious device can corrupt the kernel stack and potentially achieve code execution or a crash.\n\nThe fix replaces the compiled-out assert with a runtime range check rejecting cap_len outside [sizeof(struct virtio_pci_cap), cap_struct_size] before any arithmetic or copy."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "bounds",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T16:05:36.964Z",
"orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
"shortName": "zephyr"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Fix commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/d98dacee24ad10c972d3b7281c9009d82ed351c9"
},
{
"name": "GHSA-qrh3-4mvv-w667",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-qrh3-4mvv-w667"
}
],
"title": "Out-of-bounds stack write in Zephyr virtio PCI driver from unvalidated device-supplied capability length",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
"assignerShortName": "zephyr",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13216",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T16:05:36.964Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T15:29:25.534Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T19:41:42.446Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13215 (GCVE-0-2026-13215)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 04:37 – Updated: 2026-08-25 15:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Zephyr ext2 mount: unvalidated superblock block size causes out-of-bounds write from a crafted filesystem image
Summary
The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver fails to validate the s_log_block_size field of the on-disk superblock when mounting a filesystem. ext2_verify_disk_superblock() in subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c checks the magic number, revision, inode size and group counts, but never bounds s_log_block_size. On a successful verify, subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_ops.c computes fs->block_size = 1024 << superblock.s_log_block_size from this attacker-controlled uint32_t, so a crafted value either overflows the shift (undefined behaviour) or yields a block size far larger than CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE.
That block size is then passed to k_mem_slab_init() by ext2_init_blocks_slab() to carve CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_COUNT blocks out of the fixed static buffer __ext2_block_memory_buffer, whose size is CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_COUNT * CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE. k_mem_slab_init() does not verify that the requested blocks fit the buffer, and the ext2 wrapper discards its return value, so the slab is laid out past the end of the static buffer. The mount immediately reads block-group, bitmap and inode blocks of fs->block_size bytes each into these slab blocks, producing an out-of-bounds write into adjacent static memory on the first block read.
The entire path is gated only by data read from the mounted image, making this reachable by any attacker who can present a crafted ext2 image to a device that mounts it (for example a removable SD card or storage medium). Because the ext2 driver runs in kernel mode, supplying image bytes yields a supervisor-mode memory-corruption primitive, with impact ranging from denial of service to potential code execution.
The fix rejects s_log_block_size values that overflow the shift (greater than 11) or that produce a block size exceeding CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, so the block slab can no longer be initialized larger than its backing buffer.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 15:14 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - bounds
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
3.5.0 , < 4.4.2
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13215",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-25T15:14:52.214804Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T15:15:11.838Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "zephyr",
"product": "zephyr",
"programFiles": [
"subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c"
],
"vendor": "zephyrproject",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "4.4.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "3.5.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The Zephyr ext2 filesystem driver fails to validate the s_log_block_size field of the on-disk superblock when mounting a filesystem. ext2_verify_disk_superblock() in subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_impl.c checks the magic number, revision, inode size and group counts, but never bounds s_log_block_size. On a successful verify, subsys/fs/ext2/ext2_ops.c computes fs-\u003eblock_size = 1024 \u003c\u003c superblock.s_log_block_size from this attacker-controlled uint32_t, so a crafted value either overflows the shift (undefined behaviour) or yields a block size far larger than CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE.\n\nThat block size is then passed to k_mem_slab_init() by ext2_init_blocks_slab() to carve CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_COUNT blocks out of the fixed static buffer __ext2_block_memory_buffer, whose size is CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_COUNT * CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE. k_mem_slab_init() does not verify that the requested blocks fit the buffer, and the ext2 wrapper discards its return value, so the slab is laid out past the end of the static buffer. The mount immediately reads block-group, bitmap and inode blocks of fs-\u003eblock_size bytes each into these slab blocks, producing an out-of-bounds write into adjacent static memory on the first block read.\n\nThe entire path is gated only by data read from the mounted image, making this reachable by any attacker who can present a crafted ext2 image to a device that mounts it (for example a removable SD card or storage medium). Because the ext2 driver runs in kernel mode, supplying image bytes yields a supervisor-mode memory-corruption primitive, with impact ranging from denial of service to potential code execution.\n\nThe fix rejects s_log_block_size values that overflow the shift (greater than 11) or that produce a block size exceeding CONFIG_EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE, so the block slab can no longer be initialized larger than its backing buffer."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "bounds",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T04:37:21.765Z",
"orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
"shortName": "zephyr"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Fix commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/f270f4bd0e59585da31e1fbaa79c5abf73f1364b"
},
{
"name": "GHSA-j52j-gfj9-rwjm",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-j52j-gfj9-rwjm"
}
],
"title": "Zephyr ext2 mount: unvalidated superblock block size causes out-of-bounds write from a crafted filesystem image",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
"assignerShortName": "zephyr",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13215",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T04:37:21.765Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T15:29:24.406Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T15:15:11.838Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13214 (GCVE-0-2026-13214)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 04:37 – Updated: 2026-08-25 15:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stack buffer overflow in OCPP GetConfiguration key parsing
Summary
The OCPP 1.6 client in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c contains a stack buffer overflow in parse_getconfig_msg(). When handling a GetConfiguration request from the central system, the handler copied the attacker-controlled JSON "key" string into the caller's fixed 50-byte stack buffer (skey[CISTR50], declared in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp.c) using an unbounded strcpy(). The parsed key value points directly into the receive buffer, so its length is bounded only by the message size (CONFIG_OCPP_RECV_BUFFER_SIZE, default 2048).
The GetConfiguration message is delivered over the WebSocket connection that the charge point opens to its configured central system. The reader thread ocpp_wsreader() reads the message into ui->recv_buf and dispatches it to parse_getconfig_msg() via the PDU function table. An attacker who controls the central system endpoint, or a man-in-the-middle on an unencrypted connection, can send a GetConfiguration request whose "key" field exceeds 50 bytes and overflow the reader thread's stack with attacker-chosen bytes.
The consequence is a remotely triggerable stack smash on the OCPP reader thread: at minimum a denial of service, and plausibly remote code execution depending on build-time hardening such as stack canaries and MPU configuration. The fix replaces the strcpy() with a bounded strncpy(key, payload.key[0], CISTR50 - 1) followed by explicit NUL termination, matching the bounded copies already used by the sibling handlers.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-25 15:15 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - memory-safety
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| zephyrproject | zephyr |
Affected:
4.3.0 , < 4.4.2
(semver)
|
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13214",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-25T15:15:40.750127Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T15:15:52.330Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "zephyr",
"product": "zephyr",
"programFiles": [
"subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c"
],
"vendor": "zephyrproject",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "4.4.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "4.3.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "The OCPP 1.6 client in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp_j.c contains a stack buffer overflow in parse_getconfig_msg(). When handling a GetConfiguration request from the central system, the handler copied the attacker-controlled JSON \"key\" string into the caller\u0027s fixed 50-byte stack buffer (skey[CISTR50], declared in subsys/net/lib/ocpp/ocpp.c) using an unbounded strcpy(). The parsed key value points directly into the receive buffer, so its length is bounded only by the message size (CONFIG_OCPP_RECV_BUFFER_SIZE, default 2048).\n\nThe GetConfiguration message is delivered over the WebSocket connection that the charge point opens to its configured central system. The reader thread ocpp_wsreader() reads the message into ui-\u003erecv_buf and dispatches it to parse_getconfig_msg() via the PDU function table. An attacker who controls the central system endpoint, or a man-in-the-middle on an unencrypted connection, can send a GetConfiguration request whose \"key\" field exceeds 50 bytes and overflow the reader thread\u0027s stack with attacker-chosen bytes.\n\nThe consequence is a remotely triggerable stack smash on the OCPP reader thread: at minimum a denial of service, and plausibly remote code execution depending on build-time hardening such as stack canaries and MPU configuration. The fix replaces the strcpy() with a bounded strncpy(key, payload.key[0], CISTR50 - 1) followed by explicit NUL termination, matching the bounded copies already used by the sibling handlers."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"baseScore": 9.8,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "memory-safety",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T04:37:20.629Z",
"orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
"shortName": "zephyr"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "Fix commit",
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/afbf880b04188ae53451a0ade4ac62b654fdff34"
},
{
"name": "GHSA-fqhf-6v24-4px2",
"url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-fqhf-6v24-4px2"
}
],
"title": "Stack buffer overflow in OCPP GetConfiguration key parsing",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
"assignerShortName": "zephyr",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13214",
"datePublished": "2026-08-25T04:37:20.629Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T15:29:23.253Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-25T15:15:52.330Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13196 (GCVE-0-2026-13196)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-14 15:00 – Updated: 2026-08-14 19:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Out-of-bounds Write in KUNBUS piControl
Summary
Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the process-image management functionality of KUNBUS piControl in version 2.6.2 that allows a local authenticated attacker with device configuration access to write attacker-controlled data outside the bounds of the process-image buffer and corrupt adjacent kernel memory, resulting in kernel memory corruption and denial of service, by supplying crafted device configuration data and crafted input through the piControl character device.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-14 19:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-787 - Out-of-bounds Write
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability… | third-party-advisory |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13196",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-14T19:45:38.250652Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-14T19:45:53.311Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "piControl",
"vendor": "KUNBUS",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "2.6.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Gabriele Quagliarella at Nozomi Networks"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eNozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the process-image management functionality of KUNBUS piControl in version 2.6.2 that allows a local authenticated attacker with device configuration access to write attacker-controlled data outside the bounds of the process-image buffer and corrupt adjacent kernel memory, resulting in kernel memory corruption and denial of service, by supplying crafted device configuration data and crafted input through the piControl character device.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Nozomi Networks Labs identified a CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the process-image management functionality of KUNBUS piControl in version 2.6.2 that allows a local authenticated attacker with device configuration access to write attacker-controlled data outside the bounds of the process-image buffer and corrupt adjacent kernel memory, resulting in kernel memory corruption and denial of service, by supplying crafted device configuration data and crafted input through the piControl character device."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-123",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-123"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 7.3,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-14T15:00:48.137Z",
"orgId": "bec8025f-a851-46e5-b3a3-058e6b0aa23c",
"shortName": "Nozomi"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://www.nozominetworks.com/labs/vulnerability-advisories-cve-2026-13196"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Out-of-bounds Write in KUNBUS piControl",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.5.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "bec8025f-a851-46e5-b3a3-058e6b0aa23c",
"assignerShortName": "Nozomi",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13196",
"datePublished": "2026-08-14T15:00:48.137Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-24T13:50:19.502Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-14T19:45:53.311Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
CVE-2026-13086 (GCVE-0-2026-13086)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 23:24 – Updated: 2026-09-03 20:49
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Fireware OS Stack-Based Buffer Overflow in Mobile Security epm Endpoint
Summary
A stack-based buffer overflow in the epm (Endpoint Protection Manager) service used by the deprecated Mobile Security feature in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-28 00:00 UTC
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13086 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
2025.0 , < 2026.2.2
(custom)
Affected: 12.0 , < 12.12.2 (custom) Affected: 2026.3 , < 2026.3.1 (custom) |
|
| WatchGuard | Fireware OS |
Affected:
12.0 , < 12.5.20
(custom)
|
Date Public
2026-08-27 23:24
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-13086",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "total"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-08-28T00:00:00+00:00",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-08-29T03:55:57.210Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"Default"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2026.2.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2025.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "12.12.2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"lessThan": "2026.3.1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2026.3",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
"T15/T35"
],
"product": "Fireware OS",
"vendor": "WatchGuard",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "12.5.20",
"status": "affected",
"version": "12.0",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eBy default, the epm service is only reachable on Trusted interfaces on devices where the deprecated Mobile Security is enabled.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "By default, the epm service is only reachable on Trusted interfaces on devices where the deprecated Mobile Security is enabled."
}
],
"cpeApplicability": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.5.20",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2026.2.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "2025.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "12.12.2",
"versionStartIncluding": "12.0",
"vulnerable": true
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"versionEndExcluding": "2026.3.1",
"versionStartIncluding": "2026.3",
"vulnerable": true
}
],
"negate": false,
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Mat Powell of TrendAI Zero Day Initiative"
}
],
"datePublic": "2026-08-27T23:24:37.717Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A stack-based buffer overflow in the epm (Endpoint Protection Manager) service used by the deprecated Mobile Security feature in WatchGuard Fireware OS allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "WatchGuard is not aware of any exploitation of this vulnerability in the wild."
}
],
"value": "WatchGuard is not aware of any exploitation of this vulnerability in the wild."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 9.3,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-121",
"description": "CWE-121",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-787",
"description": "CWE-787",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
},
{
"cweId": "CWE-798",
"description": "CWE-798",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-03T20:49:56.053Z",
"orgId": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
"shortName": "WatchGuard"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-13086"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eFireware OS 2026.3.1, Fireware OS 2026.2.2, Fireware OS 12.12.2, Fireware OS 12.5.20\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "Fireware OS 2026.3.1, Fireware OS 2026.2.2, Fireware OS 12.12.2, Fireware OS 12.5.20"
}
],
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2026-09-03T00:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Added Fireware OS 2026.3.1 as a fixed version"
}
],
"title": "Fireware OS Stack-Based Buffer Overflow in Mobile Security epm Endpoint"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "5d1c2695-1a31-4499-88ae-e847036fd7e3",
"assignerShortName": "WatchGuard",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-13086",
"datePublished": "2026-08-27T23:24:32.779Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-06-23T18:45:34.589Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-09-03T20:49:56.053Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.