Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-77

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.

5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2025-46428 (GCVE-0-2025-46428)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 19:57 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Summary
Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.6.1.0, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Code execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software Affected: N/A , < 10.6.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-11-12 18:00
Credits
Dell would like to thank kkking for reporting these issues.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-46427 (GCVE-0-2025-46427)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-12 20:01 – Updated: 2026-02-26 16:57
VLAI
Summary
Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.6.1.0, contain an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.
Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software Affected: N/A , < 10.6.1.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-11-12 18:00
Credits
Dell would like to thank kkking for reporting these issues.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-46365 (GCVE-0-2025-46365)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-05 16:40 – Updated: 2026-02-26 17:47
VLAI
Summary
Dell CloudLink, versions prior 8.1.1, contain a Command Injection vulnerability which can be exploited by an Authenticated attacker to cause Command Injection on an affected Dell CloudLink.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell CloudLink Affected: N/A , < 8.1.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2025-10-29 17:00
Credits
Dell would like to thank zzcentury from Ubisectech Sirius Team for reporting this issue.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-44015 (GCVE-0-2025-44015)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-29 17:17 – Updated: 2025-08-29 18:21
VLAI
Title
HybridDesk Station
Summary
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Severity
2.3 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
QNAP Systems Inc. HybridDesk Station Affected: 4.2.x , < 4.2.18 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Dohwan Kim, Junwoo Kwon (neko_hat, wnsdn1583 from Chung-Ang Univ.)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43858 (GCVE-0-2025-43858)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-04-24 18:04 – Updated: 2025-04-24 19:04
VLAI
Title
YoutubeDLSharp allows command injection on windows system due to non sanitized arguments
Summary
YoutubeDLSharp is a wrapper for the command-line video downloaders youtube-dl and yt-dlp. In versions starting from 1.0.0-beta4 and prior to 1.1.2, an unsafe conversion of arguments allows the injection of a malicious commands when starting `yt-dlp` from a commands prompt running on Windows OS with the `UseWindowsEncodingWorkaround` value defined to true (default behavior). If a user is using built-in methods from the YoutubeDL.cs file, the value is true by default and a user cannot disable it from these methods. This issue has been patched in version 1.1.2.
Severity
9.2 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
  • CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Bluegrams YoutubeDLSharp Affected: >= 1.0.0-beta4, < 1.1.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2025-43844 (GCVE-0-2025-43844)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-05 17:11 – Updated: 2025-05-06 14:25
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-014_Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI
Summary
Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI is a voice changing framework based on VITS. Versions 2.2.231006 and prior are vulnerable to command injection. The variables exp_dir1, among others, take user input and pass it to the click_train function, which concatenates them into a command that is run on the server. This can lead to arbitrary command execution. As of time of publication, no known patches exist.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43843 (GCVE-0-2025-43843)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-05 17:09 – Updated: 2025-05-05 17:26
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-013_Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI
Summary
Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI is a voice changing framework based on VITS. Versions 2.2.231006 and prior are vulnerable to command injection. The variables exp_dir1, np7 and f0method8 take user input and pass it into the extract_f0_feature function, which concatenates them into a command that is run on the server. This can lead to arbitrary command execution. As of time of publication, no known patches exist.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-43842 (GCVE-0-2025-43842)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-05 17:08 – Updated: 2025-05-05 17:29
VLAI
Title
GHSL-2025-012_Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI
Summary
Retrieval-based-Voice-Conversion-WebUI is a voice changing framework based on VITS. Versions 2.2.231006 and prior are vulnerable to command injection. The variables exp_dir1, np7, trainset_dir4 and sr2 take user input and pass it to the preprocess_dataset function, which concatenates them into a command that is run on the server. This can lead to arbitrary command execution. As of time of publication, no known patches exist.
Severity
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41721 (GCVE-0-2025-41721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-22 06:55 – Updated: 2025-10-22 13:31
VLAI
Title
Sauter: Command Injection
Summary
A high privileged remote attacker can influence the parameters passed to the openssl command due to improper neutralization of special elements when adding a password protected self-signed certificate.
Severity
2.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Credits
Damian Pfammatter, Daniel Hulliger from Cyber-Defence Campus armasuisse S+T
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2025-41451 (GCVE-0-2025-41451)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-22 02:40 – Updated: 2025-08-22 11:25
VLAI
Title
Post-Authentication OS Command Injection RCE in Danfoss AK-SM8xxA Series
Summary
Improper neutralization of alarm-to-mail configuration fields used in an OS shell Command ('Command Injection') in Danfoss AK-SM8xxA Series prior to version 4.3.1, leading to a potential post-authenticated remote code execution on an attacked system.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Danfoss AK-SM8xxA Series Affected: 0 , < 4.3.1 (cpe)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.

Mitigation
Implementation

If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation

Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.

CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection

An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.

CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters

An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.

CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection

An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.

CAPEC-248: Command Injection

An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.

CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices

This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files

Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

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